EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSES OF INTRAVENOUS ESMOLOL AND LIDOCAINE PREMEDICATION ON STRESS RESPONSE DURING INTUBATION- MEASURED BY SERUM CORTISOL LEVELS

The purpose of this study was to determine under laboratory conditions over a period of 311 days if infection with the nematode Anguillicola crassus induces stress in European eels (Anguilla anguilla), and stimulates the endocrine stress axis as measured by serum cortisol levels. Eels were experimentally infected with 3rd-stage larvae (L3) in different doses to simulate natural conditions with varying infection pressures. Blood samples were drawn from the caudal vein every 2 weeks and serum cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results showed that the application of L3 resulted in a significant increase in the cortisol levels. The period of time at which elevated cortisol values were observed was consistent with the time of larval development and the appearance of adult A. crassus. Thus, there is a stress response to the larval and young adult stages, but no chronic response to older adults. Therefore, it is likely that infection of eels under natural conditions especially with a high number of larvae may be a considerable stressor, in combination with different environmental factors like water temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, pollution and inter-individual relationships.

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Comparison of morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of Intra operative stress response under general anesthesia: A randomized double blinded study

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9796 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 65-68

Author(s):

R Krishna Prabu ◽

P Rani ◽

NP Madhu

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Stress Response ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Blinded Study ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Double Blinded

Background: This randomized double blinded study was done to compare the effect of intravenous morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of stress response during surgeries under general anesthesia in adults. The attenuation of stress response was analyzed with changes in serum cortisol and glucose levels one hour after induction of anesthesia. Methods: Fifty consented healthy volunteers in age group 20-50, under ASA I and ASA II posted for elective surgery were included in the study. Two groups of 25 each, group M who received 0.2 mg/kg body weight of morphine and group F who received 2 microgram/kg body weight of fentanyl before anaesthetic induction were compared. The members of two groups were randomly allocated and double blinded using sealed envelope technique. Blood samples were collected for baseline glucose and cortisol in all the subjects. One hour after the administration of study drugs, which was given at the time of induction blood samples were collected for analysis of glucose and cortisol. The changes in blood glucose and serum cortisol levels were compared at the end of the study using independent samples ‘t’ test. Results: There was no significant difference in blood sugar levels in both groups at the end of 1 hour. But there was significant increase in serum cortisol levels in group F compared to group M. Conclusion: This study concludes that morphine is better than fentanyl in attenuation of Intraoperative stress by effectively controlling serum cortisol levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9796 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 65-68

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SERUM-CORTISOL LEVELS IN SEVERITY OF STROKE

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i2.970 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Akshat Agarwal ◽

Haroon Iqbaal

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Stress Response ◽

Acute Stroke ◽

Cortisol Level ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Significance Level ◽

History Of ◽

Cortisol Levels

Introduction: Cortisol, an important hormone in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, has important effects on the metabolism of glucose, protein and lipid[i]. A stress response consists of increased levels of cortisol and catecholamines in the 1st weeks after acute stroke. The cortisol response has been observed in cerebral infarction as well as in intracerebral haemorrhage. Change in serum level of cortisol has been reported in patients with ischemic stroke and studies reported that high levels of this hormone are independently associated with increase in ischemic lesion volume. Also it has been observed that cortisol level in patients with ischemic stroke is associated with significantly increased mortality rate. Increase in the circulating levels of catecholamines was shown in insular damage in experimental stroke suggesting this as a mechanism for the cardiac complications associated with stroke. Patients and Methods: All patients were included in the study who was admitted within 6 hours in the hospital after the episode of stroke. Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS)[ii] was monitored in all patients from admission. SSS was performed every 2 hours in the first 24 hours, every 4 hours in the next 48 hours and then daily up to day 7. Blood samples were obtained for routine investigation and estimation of serum cortisol. No patients had blood samples drawn for cortisol determination between 01:00 and 07:00 am. Results: Mean age was observed in the current series was 72.8 ± 12.54 years. There were 34 (53.1%) male and 30(46.9%) female. SSS was observed to be 36 (21-47) on admission. History of hypertension, History of stroke, Diabetes mellitus and Atrial fibrillation was observed in 38(59.4%), 12(18.8%), 24(37.5%) and 11(17.2%) respectively. In univariate logistic regression analysis of the relations to 7 days of mortality, s-cortisol, SSS on admission, and pulse rate reached a significance level. Age, atrial fibrillation, blood glucose, body temperature 12 h after stroke onset, and the presence of early infarctions signs did not reach a significance level of 0.1 in univariate testing. S-cortisol level was higher in patients with insular involvement, 635 nmol/l, in comparison to patients without insular involvement, 589 nmol/l. Conclusion: Adrenal glucocorticoid stress response in acute stroke is harmful. High cortisol levels are associated with the poor outcome and mortality of the patients with stroke. Keywords: Cortisol, HPA, Stroke, SSS

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Differential Adrenocortical Stress Responses in Naval Aviators during Aircraft Carrier Landing Practice

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1970.26.1.71 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 71-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert T. Rubin ◽

Robert G. Miller ◽

Ransom J. Arthur ◽

Brian R. Clark

Keyword(s):

Stress Intensity ◽

Stress Response ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Aircraft Carrier ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Naval Aviators ◽

Adrenocortical Stress Response

Serum Cortisol levels were measured in 9 Navy pilots and their flight officers during aircraft carrier landing practice in the two-man F-4B jet aircraft. The pilots showed an unequivocal adrenocortical stress response; the flight officers did not. The complex and hazardous task of carrier landing appears to be a considerably greater stress on the “executive” naval aviator (the pilot in control of the aircraft) than on his passive partner, although both are exposed to the same dangers. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the active versus the passive role as a determinant of stress intensity in human Ss exposed to naturally occurring stress situations.

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Platelet Function in Surgical Stress

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660146 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (04) ◽

pp. 849-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

O Naesh ◽

J T Friis ◽

I Hindberg ◽

K Winther

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Surgical Stress ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Pulmonary Dysfunction ◽

Arterial Po2 ◽

Elective Cholecystectomy ◽

Serum Cortisol Concentration

SummaryTen patients for elective cholecystectomy were studied pre-, per- and postoperatively. All had neurolept anesthesia. Plasma concentrations of β-TG, TXB2 and 5-HT and intraplatelet 5-HT were measured. Aggregation to ADP was recorded.Serum cortisol concentration was used as index of the stress response, showing peroperative increase and postoperative decrease. Closely related to this we observed a significant increase in P-β-TG and P-TXB2 with postoperative normalization in 6 patients without complications. P-5-HT had a peak peropera-tively and remained elevated postoperatively. A negative correlation between P--5-HT and decreasing intraplatelet 5-HT postoperatively was observed.High postoperative levels of P--5-HT seem to be related to low arterial Po2 and pulmonary dysfunction. In 3 patients with complications a second increase in P-β-TG, P-TXB2 and partly in P--5-HT was found. Platelets were temporarily refractory to ADP immediately following surgery and showed increased aggregabil-ity postoperatively. We conclude that platelets are activated in surgical stress.

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Comparison of glucose, peak growth hormone & peak cortisol levels during insulin tolerance testing with two different doses (0.15 vs 0.10 U/kg)

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.56.n4.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Phillip Yeoh

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Hormone Peak ◽

Insulin Tolerance ◽

Peak Growth Hormone ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Different Doses ◽

Tolerance Testing

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Ambient air pollutants are associated with morning serum cortisol in overweight and obese Latino youth in Los Angeles

Environmental Health ◽

10.1186/s12940-021-00713-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

C. M. Toledo-Corral ◽

T. L. Alderete ◽

M. M. Herting ◽

R. Habre ◽

A. K. Peterson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hpa Axis ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Latino Youth ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Pubertal Status ◽

Ambient Air Pollutants ◽

Morning Cortisol ◽

Morning Serum Cortisol ◽

Cortisol Levels

Abstract Background Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis dysfunction has been associated with a variety of mental health and cardio-metabolic disorders. While causal models of HPA-axis dysregulation have been largely focused on either pre-existing health conditions or psychosocial stress factors, recent evidence suggests a possible role for central nervous system activation via air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM). Therefore, in an observational study of Latino youth, we investigated if monthly ambient NO2, O3, and PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure were associated with morning serum cortisol levels. Methods In this cross-sectional study, morning serum cortisol level was assessed after a supervised overnight fast in 203 overweight and obese Latino children and adolescents (female/male: 88/115; mean age: 11.1 ± 1.7 years; pre-pubertal/pubertal/post-pubertal: 85/101/17; BMI z-score: 2.1 ± 0.4). Cumulative concentrations of NO2, O3 and PM2.5 were spatially interpolated at the residential addresses based on measurements from community monitors up to 12 months prior to testing. Single and multi-pollutant linear effects models were used to test the cumulative monthly lag effects of NO2, O3, and PM2.5 on morning serum cortisol levels after adjusting for age, sex, seasonality, social position, pubertal status, and body fat percent by DEXA. Results Single and multi-pollutant models showed that higher O3 exposure (derived from maximum 8-h exposure windows) in the prior 1–7 months was associated with higher serum morning cortisol (p < 0.05) and longer term PM2.5 exposure (4–10 months) was associated with lower serum morning cortisol levels (p < 0.05). Stratification by pubertal status showed associations in pre-pubertal children compared to pubertal and post-pubertal children. Single, but not multi-pollutant, models showed that higher NO2 over the 4–10 month exposure period associated with lower morning serum cortisol (p < 0.05). Conclusions Chronic ambient NO2, O3 and PM2.5 differentially associate with HPA-axis dysfunction, a mechanism that may serve as an explanatory pathway in the relationship between ambient air pollution and metabolic health of youth living in polluted urban environments. Further research that uncovers how ambient air pollutants may differentially contribute to HPA-axis dysfunction are warranted.

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Stress level in wild harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) during satellite tagging measured by respiration, heart rate and cortisol

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315408003159 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 885-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

I.G. Eskesen ◽

J. Teilmann ◽

B.M. Geertsen ◽

G. Desportes ◽

F. Riget ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Respiration Rate ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Phocoena Phocoena ◽

Heart Rates ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Respiration Rates ◽

Stressed Animal ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Satellite Tagging

During satellite tagging of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), heart rate, respiration rate and cortisol value were measured to evaluate stress effects during handling and tagging. Respiration rates were obtained using video recordings, heart rates were recorded and serum cortisol levels were analysed from blood samples. Differences in heart rates, respiration rates and cortisol levels before and during the tagging events were investigated. An overall significant decrease of 31.5% in respiration rate was found during the tagging event period, while mature porpoises respired significantly more often than immature individuals. Though significant differences in heart rates were found for some individuals, no general significant change for all animals was detected. We found no correlation between cortisol concentration and either heart rate or respiration rate, nor did we find any relationships between cortisol and month of year, sex and body length. As high individual variations occurred in response to tagging of harbour porpoises, it is not possible to give general advice based on the factors investigated, on how to reduce stress during handling. However, pouring water over the animal and lowering it into the water seem to stabilize a stressed animal. Therefore, general precaution and individual judgement based on experience is essential when handling wild harbour porpoises.

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Relationship between white matter integrity and serum cortisol levels in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: Diffusion tensor imaging study using tract-based spatial statistics

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.114.155689 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 208 (6) ◽

pp. 585-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Xiaodan Liu ◽

Keita Watanabe ◽

Shingo Kakeda ◽

Reiji Yoshimura ◽

Osamu Abe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

White Matter ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

White Matter Integrity ◽

Uncinate Fasciculus ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Anterior Thalamic Radiation

BackgroundHigher daytime cortisol levels because of a hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The elevated glucocorticoids inhibit the proliferation of the oligodendrocytes that are responsible for myelinating the axons of white matter fibre tracts.AimsTo evaluate the relationship between white matter integrity and serum cortisol levels during a first depressive episode in drug-naive patients with MDD (MDD group) using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method.MethodThe MDD group (n = 29) and a healthy control group (n = 47) underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and an analysis was conducted using TBSS. Morning blood samples were obtained from both groups for cortisol measurement.ResultsCompared with the controls, the MDD group had significantly reduced fractional anisotropy values (P<0.05, family-wise error (FWE)-corrected) in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and anterior thalamic radiation. The fractional anisotropy values of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and anterior thalamic radiation had significantly negative correlations with the serum cortisol levels in the MDD group (P<0.05, FWE-corrected).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the elevated cortisol levels in the MDD group may injure the white matter integrity in the frontal–subcortical and frontal–limbic circuits.

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