scholarly journals Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Calcaneum – A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 1444-1447
Author(s):  
Amit Lakmani ◽  
Ena Sharma ◽  
Kevin Khatri ◽  
Aman Hooda
Keyword(s):  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Benign Tumour ◽  
World Health ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Excision Biopsy ◽  
Chondromyxoid Fibroma ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Health Organization

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a slow-growing benign tumour seen in the metaphysis of a long bone. World health organization (WHO) Classification of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours (2002) defines CMF as ''benign tumour characterized by lobules of spindle or stellate-shaped cells with abundant myxoid or chondroid intercellular material.1 Jaffe and Lichtenstein were the first to describe this tumour in 1943.2 They differentiated CMF as a benign lesion from chondrosarcoma which is a much more common malignant tumour. Chondromyxoid fibroma is a potentially aggressive tumour with a cartilage-like matrix. It accounts for approximately 1 % of all bone tumors.3 CMF is found in older children and young adults. This type of tumour normally affects people between the age of 10 to 30 years.3,4,5 It is associated with high local recurrence and with less than 2 % of malignant transformation5. While the cells of the CMF tumour do not undergo metastasis, but they can invade nearby tissues. It is painful and causes other symptoms like swelling, stiffness, tenderness, and abnormal growth under the skin. The most common site of this lesion is the tibia and other affected sites are the flat and facial bones, and sparsely in bones of the feet and hand.6,7,8,9 Its occurrence in calcaneum is rarely seen.9 So here we report a case of a female patient, presented with cystic swelling and pain in the left foot, which was diagnosed as CMF in excision biopsy.

scholarly journals From “Nurturing” to “Indecent”: Discomfort Towards Photographs of Breastfeeding Among Adults in Nova Scotia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1099-1099
Author(s):  
Kyly Whitfield ◽  
Kathleen Chan
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Public Breastfeeding ◽  
Child Age

Abstract Objectives Although the World Health Organization recommends continued breastfeeding for 2 years and beyond, adherence rates are low in Canada and the United States. One major barrier to following this recommendation is an unsupportive culture and social stigma around breastfeeding. Our objective was to assess attitudes towards photographs of breastfeeding children of varying ages and locations among the general population in Nova Scotia, Canada. Methods In a self-administered questionnaire, participants recruited in public spaces were asked to react to six photographs depicting women breastfeeding children aged 2 weeks, 13 months and 30 months in both private (e.g., home) and public (e.g., store) locations. Participants self-rated their comfort levels using a visual analog scale (VAS; scale from 0 [not at all comfortable] to 10 [very comfortable]), and also provided open-ended qualitative reactions to the images. Sociodemographic information was also collected. Results We surveyed 229 participants (60% women, 40% men). Mean age was 44 years (range 19–95 years), 73% self-identified as white, and 77% were born in Canada. The majority of participants were parents (69%), and 69% of parents reported that their children were breastfed. Mean (95% CI) self-rated comfort differed significantly by location and child age. VAS scores indicated higher comfort for images in private locations (7.9, 7.7–8.1) compared to public locations (7.3, 7.0–7.5; P = 0.001), and for images of younger (8.5, 8.3–8.7) compared to older children (6.9, 6.6–7.2; P < 0.001). Women and parents had higher comfort with all images compared to men and non-parents (P < 0.05). Younger participants (19–29 years) were less comfortable with images of public breastfeeding compared to older participants (P < 0.05). Text-based reactions suggest lower approval of images of public breastfeeding and increased child age, but varied highly, including comments from “nurturing” to “indecent”. Conclusions Comfort and acceptance of breastfeeding among adults in Nova Scotia is influenced by location and child age. Negative perceptions of public breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding into young childhood may affect adherence to global breastfeeding recommendations. Funding Sources Mount Saint Vincent University New Scholars Grant, CN Student Research Internship.

scholarly journals Characterisation and correlates of stunting among Malaysian children and adolescents aged 6–19 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttara Partap ◽  
Elizabeth H. Young ◽  
Pascale Allotey ◽  
Manjinder S. Sandhu ◽  
Daniel D. Reidpath
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractBackgroundDespite emerging evidence regarding the reversibility of stunting at older ages, most stunting research continues to focus on children below 5 years of age. We aimed to assess stunting prevalence and examine the sociodemographic distribution of stunting risk among older children and adolescents in a Malaysian population.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data on 6759 children and adolescents aged 6–19 years living in Segamat, Malaysia. We compared prevalence estimates for stunting defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) references, using Cohen's κ coefficient. Associations between sociodemographic indices and stunting risk were examined using mixed-effects Poisson regression with robust standard errors.ResultsThe classification of children and adolescents as stunted or normal height differed considerably between the two references (CDC v. WHO; κ for agreement: 0.73), but prevalence of stunting was high regardless of reference (crude prevalence: CDC 29.2%; WHO: 19.1%). Stunting risk was approximately 19% higher among underweight v. normal weight children and adolescents (p = 0.030) and 21% lower among overweight children and adolescents (p = 0.001), and decreased strongly with improved household drinking water sources [risk ratio (RR) for water piped into house: 0.35, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.30–0.41, p < 0.001). Protective effects were also observed for improved sanitation facilities (RR for flush toilet: 0.41, 95% CI 0.19–0.88, p = 0.023). Associations were not materially affected in multiple sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsOur findings justify a framework for strategies addressing stunting across childhood, and highlight the need for consensus on a single definition of stunting in older children and adolescents to streamline monitoring efforts.

scholarly journals Applicability of a Tool for Comprehensive Assessments: the Expanded Guide for Monitoring Child Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Bahar Bingoler Pekcici
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Pediatricians globally are in critical need of tools enabling comprehensive information about children and families while also saving face-to-face time. This study examined the applicability of the expanded version of the Guide for Monitoring Child Development (GMCD), a free-of-charge tool used in over 30 countries.The Expanded GMCD is a written tool incorporating the biopsychosocial model of healthcare delivery, bioecological theory of child development, and two World Health Organization frameworks: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and Nurturing Care. Methods: Parents of children attending Ankara University Developmental Pediatrics Division, Turkey, were given or digitally sent the Expanded GMCD to complete before their first assessment. The completeness of the responses to the four Expanded GMCD domains and factors associated with full completion were ascertained using multivariate analyses. Results: Of 480 children, 57% were boys, median age was 17.0 (IQR: 9.0-27.0) months. Completion rates were 78%, 87% and 92% for all four, at least three and at least two domains, respectively. All four domains “body structures and functioning,” “health conditions,” “activities and participation,” and “environmental factors” had completion rates >80%. The Expanded GMCD provided holistic information: 87% of children had developmental difficulties and special needs; 60% had chronic conditions requiring follow-up; over 20% of parents reported stigmatization and maternal depression; over 10% unemployment and financial difficulties, not getting enough support from friends and relatives, paternal depression; and 5% intra-family conflict. In the logistic regression analyses, parents of children ≤ 6 months more likely completed <4 domains compared to parents of older children (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.25-3.72); maternal education less than high school (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.87-2.20) and having multiple children (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.94-2.35) were not significantly associated with the full completion of the Expanded GMCD.Conclusion:The applicability of the Expanded GMCD in this study in children with diverse health conditions and families with different educational levels implies its potential for applicability in other settings. Using the free-of-charge Expanded GMCD in healthcare delivery including telemedicine may address the gaps in the implementation of the theory, model and framework-based comprehensive tools for children and their families.

scholarly journals Queratocisto odontogênico em mandíbula: relato de caso

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-669
Author(s):  
Thauany Vasconcelos ◽  
Lucas André Barros Ferreira ◽  
Sirius Dan Inaoka ◽  
Davi Felipe Neves Costa
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Odontogenic Tumours ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Head Neck

Introdução: O queratocisto odontogênico é por definição um cisto de desenvolvimento que apresenta caráter agressivo afetando o complexo bucomaxilofacial. Tendo em vista que muitas vezes são assintomáticos, o seu diagnóstico normalmente é obtido através de exames radiográficos de rotina. Objetivo: apresentar um caso clínico referente ao diagnóstico e tratamento de um queratocisto odontogênico em região posterior de mandíbula. Caso clínico: Paciente do sexo feminino, normosistemica, feoderma. Observou-se aumento de volume extraoral, lado direito da face em região de ângulo mandibular. Ao exame radiografico periapical, observou-se uma imagem radiolúcida, bem delimitada, unilocular, associada ao dente 47.  Ao exame físico intraoral, observou-se abaulamento ósseo na região do referido dente. Foi então solicitada uma tomografia computadorizada, na qual foi detectada extensa lesão óssea expansiva em ramo mandibular direito. Realizou-se uma punção aspirativa local, detectando presença de conteúdo líquido. Primeiramente foi realizada uma biópsia incisional com instalação de dispositivo descompressivo. O laudo histopatológico foi de cisto odontogênico inflamatório. O dispositivo de descompressão permaneceu por 9 meses, apresentando uma diminuição significativa da lesão. Foi realizada então, a enucleação da lesão remanescente, associado a exodontia dos dentes 47 e 48 e enviado material para histopatológico, que dessa vez, confirmou diagnóstico de queratocisto odontogênico. Ao exame de imagem pós-operatório de 6 meses, observou-se formação óssea completa sem sinais de recidiva. Conclusão: O tratamento proposto se mostrou eficaz no tratamento do queratocisto odontogênico, o acompanhamento com exames de imagem é de extrema importância, tendo em vista a possibilidade de recidiva. Descritores: Recidiva; Cistos Odontogênicos; Patologia Bucal. Referências Freitas DA, Veloso DA, Santos ALD, Freitas VA. Ceratocistoodontogênico maxilar: relato de caso clínico. RGO Rev Gauch Odontol. 2015;63(4):484-88. Antunes AA, Avelar RL, Santos TS, Andrade ESS, Dourado E. Tumor odontogênico ceratocístico: análise de 69 casos/ Keratocystic odontogenic tumor: analysisof 69 cases. Rev bras cir cabeça pescoço. 2007;36(2):80-2. Moura BS, Cavalcante MA, Hespanhol W. Tumor odontogênico ceratocístico. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2016;43(6):466-71. Wright JM, Vered M. Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: Odontogenic and Maxillofacial Bone Tumors. Head Neck Pathol. 2017;11(1):68-77. Neville BW, Allen CM, Damm DD, Chi A. oral and maxillofacial pathology, 4. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2016. Aciole GTS, Santos MAM, Aciole JMS, Ribeiro Neto N, Pinheiro, ALB. Tumor odontogênicoqueratocistorecidivante: tratamento cirúrgico conservador ou radical? Relato de caso clínico. Rev cir traumatol buco-maxilo-fac. 2010;10(1):43-8. Hupp JR. Cirurgia oral e maxilofacial contemporânea. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2015. Marques JAF, Neves, JL, Alencar, DA, Lemos IM, Marques LC. Ceratocisto Odontogênico: relato de caso. Sitientibus. 2006;34(1):59-69. Conceição ACA, Santos AM, Santos GP, Almeida AJ, Dias AMN, Mainenti P. Tumor odontogênico queratocístico: atualidades. RIEE. 2012;4(1): 29-35. Pereira CCS, Carvalho ACG de S, Jardim ECG, Shinohara EH, Garcia Júnior IR. Tumor Odontogênico Queratocístico e considerações diagnósticas. RBCS. 2012;10(32):73-9. Balmick S, Hespanhol W, Cavalcante MAA, Gandelmann IHA. Recidiva do Tumor Odontogênico Ceratocístico: Análise retrospectiva de 10 anos. Rev cir traumatol buco-maxilo-fac. 2011;11(1):85-91. Borghesi A, Nardi C, Giannitto C, Tironi A, Maroldi R, Di Bartolomeo F, Preda L. Odontogenic keratocyst: imaging features of a benign lesion with an aggressive behaviour. Insights Imaging. 2018;9(5):883-97.  Johnson NR, Batstone MD, Savage NW. Management and recurrence of keratocystic odontogenic tumor: a systematic review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;116(4):e271-76. Araújo S, Oliveira LKR, Pigatti FM, Mayrink G. Queratocisto odontogênico em região anterior da maxila: relato de caso. HU rev. 2019;45(1):82-6. Oliveira Júnior HCC, Chaves Netto HDM, Rodrigues MTV, Pinto JMV, Nóia CF. Descompressão cirúrgica no tratamento de lesões císticas da cavidade oral. Rev cir traumatol buco-maxilo-fac. 2014;14(1):15-20. Pazdera J, Kolar Z, Zboril V, Tvrdy P, Pink R. Odontogenic keratocysts/keratocystic odontogenic tumours: biological characteristics, clinical manifestation and treatment. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2014;158(2):170-74.

scholarly journals Hubungan Jenis Kecelakaan dengan Tipe Fraktur pada Fraktur Tulang Panjang Ekstremitas Bawah

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Rianti Puti Ramadhani ◽  
Nurul Romadhona ◽  
M. Ahmad Djojosugito ◽  
Dyana Eka Hadiati ◽  
Dadang Rukanta
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Fracture Types ◽  
Joint Decade

Cedera diprediksi menjadi penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan dengan fraktur sebagai trauma utama, bahkan World Health Organization (WHO) telah menetapkan tahun 2000 ̶ 2010 sebagai “The Bone and Joint Decade”. Traumatic fracture dapat terjadi pada kecelakaan lalu lintas dan non-lalu lintas. Tipe fraktur berdasar atas hubungan dengan jaringan sekitarnya, antara fragmen tulang dan dunia luar (terbuka dan tertutup) dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan jenis kecelakaan dengan tipe fraktur yang terjadi pada fraktur tulang panjang ekstremitas bawah di Rumah Sakit Khusus Bedah Halmahera tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik melalui cross sectional dan dilaksanakan selama Februari –Juni 2018. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dari data sekunder, yaitu rekam medik yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak termasuk eksklusi dihitung menggunakan uji dua hipotesis didapatkan 84 orang. Hasil penelitian bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square didapatkan nilai signifikansi variabel jenis kecelakaan (p<0,001) lebih kecil daripada nilai signifikansi uji (p<0.05), terdapat perbedaan proporsi kejadian fraktur terbuka antara korban kecelakaan lalu lintas dan non-lalu lintas. Simpulan bahwa pada jenis kecelakaan dan tipe fraktur terdapat hubungan yang dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme cedera, kekuatan energi, tipe benda, dan kronologis kecelakaan. CORRELATION BETWEEN TYPE OF ACCIDENTS AND TYPE OF FRACTURES IN LOWER-EXTREMITY LONG BONE FRACTURESInjury predicted to be a leading cause of death and disability, with fractures as the majority of trauma, even the World Health Organization (WHO) has set 2000 ̶ 2010 as “The Bone and Joint Decade”. Traumatic fractures can be caused by the road traffic accidents and non traffic accidents. Fracture types in terms of its relation to the tissues involved, between the bone fragments and the outside (open and closed fractures) can be affected by several factors. This study purposed to determine the relation between types of accidents and types of fractures occurred in Halmahera Surgery Hospital 2017. This research uses analytic method with cross sectional study and was conducted in February ̶ June 2018. Data sampling was taken by simple random sampling technique from medical records as secondary data, and the number of samples met both inclusion and exclution criteria calculated using the two hypotheses test resulted 84 people. The result of this research with chi-square test showed that the significance value of the type of accidents (p<0.001) was lesser than the test significance value (p<0.05). This concluded that in this bivariate comparation research there is a difference between the type of accidents and low extremity long bone fracture types.

scholarly journals Evaluation of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Pediatric Emergency Department

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Murat Doğan ◽  
Binnaz Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
Health Organization

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread all around the world and was declared a worldwide pandemic by World Health Organization in March 2020. We aimed to investigate the clinical, demographic and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 in children admitted to the pediatric emergency triage. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data of children were collected retrospectively and analyzed to compare by symptoms. A total of 213 pediatric cases with COVID-19 were included. Most of the patients were asymptomatic (63.8%). The main clinical features were mild symptoms including fever (7.5%), cough (6.5%), myalgia (6.3%) or no (63.8%). Of the patients who had CT scan, 25% had specific findings of COVID-19. Ground-like opacities were common radiological findings (25%). Symptomatic patients had higher lymphopenia rate (p=0.03), higher CRP and procalcitonin (PCT) values (p=0.04, p=0.04), lower age (p<0.001) and lower neutrophil count (p=0.01). The rate of neutropenia and leukopenia were higher in asymptomatic patients (p=0.15, p=0.05, respectively). The most common cause of transmission in children is family contact. Home isolation was recommended for 89.6% of the patients, 10.3% were hospitalized, 2.3% needed an intensive care unit (ICU). Only one death was reported. We found found that children with COVID-19 are generally mild severe or asymptomatic clinic. Young children were relatively more symptomatic than older children, and those with underlying diseases often needed intensive care unit. The most important laboratory findings difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients are lymphopenia, increased CRP and PCT values (p=0.04 for all three parameter).

Primary Immunization of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in the Pediatric Population: What Is the Verdict Now?

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-615
Author(s):  
Aubrey N. Jones ◽  
Jenna W. Bartlett ◽  
Rebecca A. Bates ◽  
Tsz-Yin So
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prospective Trials ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

The safety and efficacy of a 2-dose series for the human papillomavirus vaccines rather than a 3-dose series in older children has not been well defined. This article reviews the literature summarizing the use of all 3 HPV vaccines (2vHPV, 4vHPV, 9vHPV) as a 2-dose series for females and 4vHPV and 9vHPV for males younger than 15 years. Six prospective trials evaluating immunogenicity of a 2-dose series of 2vHPV and/or 4vHPV, as well as an ongoing prospective clinical trial for 9vHPV, are discussed. The 2-dose series with Gardasil 9® in both males and females ages 9 to 14 years appears to be the most widely accepted recommendation. The exact time schedule between the 2 vaccines varies among studies, but it seems that they should be separated by 6 to 12 months. Federal and world-wide organizations’ (ie, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, and World Health Organization) opinions and recommendations on the appropriate scheduling of the vaccines are also highlighted.

Strategy for obesity prevention among school-age children (literature review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Anna V. Karpushkina ◽  
Maria S. Pankratova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Obesity Prevention Programs ◽  
Health Organization

Obesity is one of major threats to people health and life. It increases risk of many diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and several cancers. This is a serious problem for the Russian Federation. Half of adults in our country are considered to be overweight or obese. However, to assess objectively the prevalence of this pathology in children is very difficult. At present in Russia there is no single universally accepted system for child anthropometry. Several studies in Russian regions found that about 10% of children were overweight and obese. Main risk factors of obesity in intrauterine and perinatal periods: mother smoking during pregnancy, child accelerated weight gain during the first months of life, formula feeding and early complementary feeding. In older children main risk factors are high-calorie foods, lack of exercise and sedative behaviour. International expert community has defined preventive strategies that will support elimination of child obesity. These strategies include implementation of child development assessment system with body mass index measurement in accordance with the World Health Organization guidelines; training primary pediatricians on using this assessment system and effective obesity prevention counseling; and school-based obesity prevention programs. Physicians and teachers must understand how important obesity prevention for child health. Health and education stakeholders should actively support these preventive measures and ensure universal access to physical exercises and healthy diet in schools. Alfa-Endo Program will assist all these initiatives.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Among Obese And Non-Obese School-Aged Children in An Elementary School in Makassar

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3S) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Kadek Ayu Erika ◽  
Syahrul Syahrul ◽  
Ilkafah Ilkafah ◽  
Arnis Puspitha
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
World Health ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
School Students ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Health Organization

The Prevalence of obesity among children in the urban areas is increasing due to less physical activity, high consumption of fast-food, and more time spent on using the gadget. This study aimed to identify physical activity among obese and non-obese children. This descriptive study involved 322 obese and non-obese students from 4th to 6th grade in an elementary school in Makassar. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) was used to measure children’s physical activity, while the anthropometrical parameter was measured using a standardized instrument. Children’s body mass index for age z-score (BAZ) was used to classify their nutritional status based on the criteria of Growth Reference for Children from 5 to 19 years old from World Health Organization. Cross-tabulation was used in analyzing the data. Obese and non-obese children in this study were found 53 (16,0%) and 279 (84,0%), respectively. A hundred percent of obese children have low physical activity, while non-obese children have better physical activity. In conclusion, elementary school students in this study have low physical activity, particularly among obese children. Children are rarely spent on their time to do physical activity. There is a need to promote appropriate physical activity among children to prevent and treat obesity among children. Health professionals could provide health education and counseling to children, family and/or schools to manage physical activity among children.

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