scholarly journals MULTI-COMPONENT EXERCISE WITH HIGH-INTENSITY, FREE-WEIGHT, FUNCTIONAL RESISTANCE TRAINING IN PRE-FRAIL FEMALES: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, PILOT STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
N.W. Bray ◽  
G.J. Jones ◽  
K.L. Rush ◽  
C.A. Jones ◽  
J.M. Jakobi
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Functional Task

Background: No study has performed an exercise intervention that included high-intensity, free-weight, functional resistance training, and assessed frailty status as an inclusion criteria and outcome measure via original, standardized tools, in pre-frail females. Objectives: Determine if the intervention strategy is not only feasible and safe, but can also improve frailty status, functional task performance, and muscle strength. Design: Pilot, quasi-experimental. Setting: Community. Participants: 20 older-adults with pre-frailty characteristics. Intervention: 12-weeks (3 days/week, 45-60 minutes/session) of multi-component exercise, inclusive of aerobic, resistance, balance and flexibility exercises. The crux of the program was balance and resistance exercises, the latter utilized high-intensity, free-weight, functional resistance training. The control group maintained their usual care. Measurements: 1) Feasibility and safety (dropout, adherence, and adverse event); 2) Frailty (Frailty Phenotype, Clinical Frailty Scale, and gait speed); 3) Functional task performance (grip strength and sit-to-stand time); and 4) Isometric and isotonic strength of the knee extensors and elbow flexors. Results: No participants dropped out of the intervention or experienced an adverse event, and adherence averaged 88.3%. The exercise group became less frail, whereas the control group became more frail. There was a significant within-group improvement in exercise participants gait speed (p ≤ 0.01, +0.24 m/sec), grip strength (p ≤ 0.01, +3.9 kg), and sit-to-stand time (p ≤ 0.01, -5.0 sec). There was a significant within-group improvement in exercise participants knee extension isometric torque (p ≤ 0.05, +7.4 Nm) and isotonic velocity (p = ≤ 0.01, +37.5 ˚/sec). Elbow flexion isotonic velocity significantly declined within the control group (p ≤ 0.01, -20.2 ˚/sec) and demonstrated a significant between-group difference (p ≤ 0.05, 40.73 ˚/sec) post-intervention. Conclusions: The intervention strategy appears to be feasible and safe, and may also improve frailty status, functional task performance, and muscle strength. These results help calculate effect size for a future randomized controlled trial.

Examining Recidivism in a Prostitution Diversion Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 232-248
Author(s):  
Erica Koegler ◽  
Kathleen M. Preble ◽  
Andrea N. Cimino ◽  
Jordan E. Stevens ◽  
Sue Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Time History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diversion Programs ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Diversion Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Street-based sex work is criminalized throughout much of the U.S. Diversion programs have shown mixed results. This study examined the effect a quasi-experimental intervention (prostitution diversion program, n = 149) had on prostitution rearrest compared with a waitlist control group ( n = 77) among N = 226 individuals arrested for prostitution in Baltimore. In both groups, n = 64 (28.32%) were rearrested for prostitution over 30 months. Tests of differences compared groups with a significant difference in gender only. A Cox proportional hazard model examined differences in survival time (to recidivist prostitution arrest) between individuals in the control and intervention groups at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months. Results indicate that participation in the intervention did not have a significant effect on decreasing prostitution arrests over time. History of prior prostitution arrest was a significant predictor (hazard ration [HR] = 1.12, p = .02) of rearrest.Lack of program success suggests that barriers to exiting prostitution are substantial, despite availability of supportive services, and that diversion programs may not be the best intervention strategy for all sex workers. Future research should identify motivators for exiting and how to reduce exiting barriers.

scholarly journals High Intensity Resistance Training Methods with and without Protein Supplementation to Fight Cardiometabolic Risk in Middle-Aged Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kemmler ◽  
Andreas Wittke ◽  
Michael Bebenek ◽  
Michael Fröhlich ◽  
Simon von Stengel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Intensity Training

Time-effective protocols may potentially increase people’s compliance with exercise. The purpose of this paper was to compare the relative effects of 16 weeks of high intensity (resistance) training (HIT) with and without protein supplementation (HIT&P) and HVHIT (high volume/high intensity training) versus a nontraining control group on cardiometabolic risk factors. One hundred and twenty untrained males 30–50 years old were randomly assigned to 3 subgroups: (a) a HIT group; (b) a HIT&P group, and (c) a waiting-control group (phase I) that crossed over to (d) high volume/high intensity training (HVHIT) during the second study phase. HIT was defined as “single set to failure protocol” while HVHIT consistently applied two sets. Protein supplementation provided an overall intake of 1.5 g/kg/body mass. Primary study endpoint was the metabolic syndromeZ-Score (MetS-Z-Score). MetS-Z-Score significantly improved in all exercise groups (p≤0.001) with no significant difference between HIT, HIT&P, and HVHIT (p≥0.829). However, all the exercise groups differed significantly from the CG (p<0.001) which deteriorated significantly (p=0.039). In conclusion, all exercise protocols were similarly effective in improving cardiometabolic risk factors. Thus, HIT may be the best choice for people with low time budgets looking to improve their cardiometabolic health.

scholarly journals Effects of care promotion program based on nursing students self-understanding: Application of enneagram group education

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Eun-Sun Shin ◽  
Sook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Care Experience ◽  
Promotion Program ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a care promotion program based on nursing students’ self-understanding.Methods: A quasi-experimental approach using a randomized clinical trial pre- and posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to an experiment group (n=29) or control group (n=30). Data were collected from June 23 to September 8, 2017. The experiment group participated in a care promotion program based on self-understanding for 24 hours through eight sessions covering eight different topics. The data were analyzed using t-test and repeated–measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 21.0.Results: Compared to the control group, the experiment group reported significant positive changes for college life adjustment (F=28.74, p<.001), emotional intelligence (F=15.66, p<.001), and interpersonal caring behavior (F=9.37, p=.003).Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that care promotion based on a self-understanding improvement program with the application of group enneagram education is a useful intervention strategy to promote the care promotion program based on nursing students’ self-understanding. Care promotion based on self-understanding will be utilized as an intervention program to form positive values of care and interpersonal relationship through care awareness, self-change, understanding of others and care experience in the group.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tabata Training and High Intensity Interval Training toward The Increasing of Strength, and Speed

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Rizky Aris Munandar ◽  
Hari Setijono ◽  
Nining Widyah Kusnanik
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Good Physical Condition ◽  
A Value ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
High Intensity Interval

A good physical condition is crucial to support achieving maximum performance, so proper training is needed, such as Tabata Training and High Intensity Interval Training. The aims of this study are to examine and analyze the different effects of those training on increasing strength and speed. This study used a "randomized group pretest and posttest design". The population in this study was male students of PKO FIO UNESA 2016, amounting to 160 students. The sampling technique used was random sampling with a sample of 30 students. The 30 students are divided into 3 groups, namely the group of Tabata Training, High Intensity Interval Training and, the control group. This type of research was a quasi-experimental, with a quantitative approach. The data were collected by measuring some techniques, such as measuring strength by using a back and leg dynamometer to measure limb muscle strength and measuring speed by using a 30-meter run. The data were analyzed by using MANOVA technique, with α 0.05.The results showed that the effect of Tabata training toward increasing strength with a value of p = 0.000, the effect Tabata training toward the increasing speed with a value of p = 0.000, then the effect of high intensity interval training toward the increasing strength with a value of p = 0.000, the effect of high intensity interval training toward the increasing speed with a value of p = 0.000. Based on the result of the two trainings result, it concluded that high intensity interval training is better than tabata training in increasing strength and speed.eed.

Effect of moderate and high-intensity endurance and resistance training on serum concentrations of MSTN and IGF-1 in old male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Shanazari ◽  
Mohammad Faramarzi ◽  
Ebrahim Banitalebi ◽  
Roohullah Hemmati
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Skeletal muscle is very sensitive to extracellular and intracellular signaling evoked by contractions from endurance and resistance exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of moderate- and high-intensity endurance and resistance training on the serum myostatin (MSTN) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels in older rats. Materials and methods Fifty old Wistar male rats (23 months old) were randomly divided into four experimental and one control groups, including moderate-endurance training (MET) (n = 10), high-intensity endurance training (EHT) (n = 10), moderate-intensity resistance training (MRT) (n = 10), high-intensity resistance training (HRT) (n = 10), and control group (C) (n = 10). Seventy-two hours after the last exercise session, euthanasia of the rats were rendered unconscious and direct blood samples were collected. Serum IGF-1 and MSTN concentration were measured using the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results There was a significant reduction in MSTN and an increase in IGF-1 concentrations was observed between IGF-I levels in high and moderate resistance and endurance training. However, no significant difference was observed in MSTN levels between groups. Discussion Therefore, it appears that resistance training, especially HRT, is effective to increase growth mediators among older rats.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING OF OLDER PRE-FRAIL FEMALES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
N.W. Bray ◽  
G.J. Jones ◽  
K.L. Rush ◽  
C.A. Jones ◽  
J.M. Jakobi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Group Session ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Frail Older Adults ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Practical Implications

Approaches to and benefits from resistance training for non-compromised older adults are well known. Less is understood about resistance training with pre-frail older adults, and even less information is available on the practical approaches to delivery. Herein, we describe an approach in pre-frail females who undertook a multi-component exercise intervention, inclusive of high-intensity, free-weight, functional resistance training. Capitalizing on the principle of overload is possible and safe for pre-frail females through constant reassurance of ability and adjustments in technique. Making exercise functionally relevant, for example, a squat is the ability to get on and off a toilet, resonates meaning. Older pre-frail females are affected by outside (clinical) influences. The exercise participant, and extraneous persons need to be educated on exercise approaches, to increase awareness, debunk myths, and enhance support for participation. Identification of individuality in a group session offers ability to navigate barriers for successful implementation.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Machine versus Free-Weight Squats for the Enhancement of Lower-Body Power, Speed, and Change-of-Direction Ability during an Initial Training Phase of Recreationally-Active Women

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Neil A. Schwarz ◽  
Sean P. Harper ◽  
Andy Waldhelm ◽  
Sarah K. McKinley-Barnard ◽  
Shelley L. Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Initial Resistance ◽  
Jump Power

The purpose of this study was to examine differences between a free-weight squat (FWS) and machine squat (MS) during an initial resistance training phase for augmentation of performance tests in recreationally active women. Twenty-seven women (22.7 ± 3.5 years) were block-randomized to three groups: FWS, MS, or control (CON) and completed pre- and post-testing sessions consisting of the squat one-repetition maximum (1-RM), vertical jump, pro-agility test, zig-zag change-of-direction (COD) test, and 30-meter sprint. Participants trained two sessions per week for six weeks by performing jumping, sprinting, and COD drills followed by FWS, MS, or no squats (CON). Peak jump power increased for CON (p = 0.03) and MS (p < 0.01) groups. Change in peak jump power was greater for the MS group compared with the FWS group (p = 0.05). Average jump power increased for the MS group (p < 0.01). Change in average jump power was greater for the MS group compared with the CON group (p = 0.04). Vertical jump height, pro-agility, 30-meter sprint, and zig-zag COD tests improved over time (p < 0.01), with no difference between groups (p > 0.05). Machine squat training maximized jumping power compared with FWS training and CON. Both resistance training groups and the CON group improved equally in the pro-agility, 30-meter sprint, and zig-zag COD tests. Machine squat training may provide performance-enhancing benefits of equal or superior value to those obtained with free-weight squat training in recreationally active women during an initial training mesocycle. These findings also stress the importance of task-specific training in this population of untrained women, as the control group improved in terms of performance to the same degree as both resistance training groups.

The effects of isometric resistance training on stretch reflex induced tremor in the knee extensor muscles

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 1647-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rade Durbaba ◽  
Angela Cassidy ◽  
Francesco Budini ◽  
Andrea Macaluso
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Stretch Reflex ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Force Matching ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Knee Extensor Muscles

This study examines the effect of 4 wk of high-intensity isometric resistance training on induced tremor in knee extensor muscles. Fourteen healthy volunteers were assigned to either the training group ( n = 7) or the nontraining control group ( n = 7). Induced tremor was assessed by measuring force fluctuations during anisometric contractions against spring loading, whose compliance was varied to allow for preferential activation of the short or long latency stretch reflex components. Effects of high-intensity isometric resistance training on induced tremor was assessed under two contraction conditions: relative force matching, where the relative level of activity was equal for both pre- and post-training sessions, set at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and absolute force matching, where the level of activity was set to 30% pretrained MVC. The training group experienced a 26.5% increase in MVC in contrast to the 0.8% for the control group. For relative force-matching contractions, induced tremor amplitude and frequency did not change in either the training or control group. During absolute force-matching contractions, induced tremor amplitude was decreased by 37.5% and 31.6% for the short and long components, respectively, with no accompanying change in frequency, for the training group. No change in either measure was observed in the control group for absolute force-matching contractions. The results are consistent with high-intensity isometric resistance training induced neural changes leading to increased strength, coupled with realignment of stretch reflex automatic gain compensation to the new maximal force output. Also, previous reported reductions in anisometric tremor following strength training may partly be due to changed stretch reflex behavior.

Fast-velocity resistance training improves force development and mobility in Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Andreu-Caravaca ◽  
Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽  
Linda H. Chung ◽  
Pedro Manonelles ◽  
Joao Paulo Vilas Boas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to analyze the benefits of a lower-limb fast-velocity concentric resistance training on rate of force development, mobility, and quality of life in people with Multiple Sclerosis. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 30 people with Multiple Sclerosis, who were randomly assigned to either an experimental (n=18) or a control (n=12) group. The experimental group carried out 10-weeks of fast-velocity concentric resistance training, while the control group did not perform any intervention. Early and late rate of force development during knee extension in both legs, sit-to-stand and Timed Up and Go tests and quality life questionnaire were evaluated before and after intervention. The training program evoked an increase in early rate of force development in experimental group (0-30; Rightleg: 63.9%, p<0.001;ES=-1.4; Leftleg: 52.7%, p<0.001;ES=-1.0) compared to control group (showed modest increases). Furthermore, experimental group improved mobility after training (Sit-to-stand: 22.2%, p<0.001;ES=1.0; Timed Up and Go Test: 10.1%, p<0.001;ES=1.1) and increased the perception of quality of life after training, while control showed no changes. The fast-velocity concentric resistance training has the potential to improve early rate of force development and mobility after 10-weeks of training. In addition, the increase in self-perceived quality of life following this training modality demonstrates promising results in the Multiple Sclerosis population.

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