scholarly journals The plant-based-diet and obesity : The process and literature survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Sanghvi ◽  
Anna Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Impact

There are an increasingly rising number of people who adopt a plant-based diet. The desire for weight control and other health benefits are driving factors behind this dietary preference. The aim of this study was twofold: first, it reviews intervention studies evaluating the impact on body mass index and weight by various plant-based diets. Most of them were randomized controlled trials of overweight, type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease participants compared a low-fat vegan diet to an omnivore diet. Second, this study reviews two major dietary processthat may lead to reduced-body fat. Interventional trials have consistently demonstrated that consumption of plant-based diets reduces body fat in overweight and obese subjects, even when controlling for energy intake. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been well-defined. Our review indicatesthat in some patient groups, plant-based diets can enhance weight condition. In certain studies, due to fat consumption limits accompanied by decreased energy intake, the results of the various treatments vary depending on the particular plant-based diets studied. Future research should seek to include a representative population of the sample and apply diets without dietary limitations to the study.

scholarly journals The plant-based-diet and obesity : The process and literature survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Sanghvi ◽  
Anna Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Impact

There are an increasingly rising number of people who adopt a plant-based diet. The desire for weightcontrol and other health benefits are driving factors behind this dietary preference. The aim of this studywas twofold: first, it reviews intervention studies evaluating the impact on body mass index and weight byvarious plant-based diets. Most of them were randomized controlled trials of overweight, type 2 diabetesmellitus and/or cardiovascular disease participants compared a low-fat vegan diet to an omnivore diet.Second, this study reviews two major dietary process that may lead to reduced-body fat. Interventionaltrials have consistently demonstrated that consumption of plant-based diets reduces body fat in overweightand obese subjects, even when controlling for energy intake. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying thiseffect have not been well-defined. Our review indicates that in some patient groups, plant-based diets canenhance weight condition. In certain studies, due to fat consumption limits accompanied by decreasedenergy intake, the results of the various treatments vary depending on the particular plant-based dietsstudied. Future research should seek to include a representative population of the sample and apply dietswithout dietary limitations to the study.

scholarly journals Modelling the Association between Core and Discretionary Energy Intake in Adults with and without Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Fong ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Andrew Hill ◽  
Michelle Cunich ◽  
Michael Skilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Core Energy ◽  
The Impact

Background: Many dietary recommendations for weight control rely on the assumption that greater core food intake will displace intake of energy-dense discretionary foods and beverages. However, there is little evidence to support these assumptions. This study examined the naturalistic relationship between daily core and discretionary energy intake, and with discretionary food and discretionary beverage intake, separately. The impact of weight status on these associations was also examined. Method: One hundred participants completed a four-day (non-consecutive) estimated food diary. Discretionary foods and beverages were identified by reference to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Non-discretionary items were considered core items. Simultaneous-equation random effects models using disaggregated dietary data controlling for sociodemographic variables were used to determine the association between various dietary components. Result: Core energy intake correlated negatively with discretionary energy intake (cross-equation correlation, ρ = −0.49 (95% CI: −0.57, −0.39)). Its correlation with discretionary foods (−0.47 (−0.56, −0.37)) was stronger than that with discretionary beverages (−0.19 (−0.30, −0.07)) The correlation between core energy intake and discretionary energy intake was significantly stronger in participants who did not have obesity (−0.67 (−0.71, −0.50)) than those with obesity (−0.32 (−0.46, −0.17)) (p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Core and discretionary energy intake share an inverse and potentially bidirectional, relationship that appears to be stronger with discretionary foods than discretionary beverages. These relationships were significantly weaker in participants with obesity which may indicate less precise dietary compensation in these individuals. While strategies that promote greater intake of core foods may assist with weight maintenance in individuals of healthy weight, its impact in individuals with obesity may be limited. These strategies should be accompanied by direct messages to reduce commensurately the intake of discretionary items, with special attention paid to discretionary beverage consumption.

The impact of lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters on body fat level in early childhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kryst ◽  
Magdalena Żegleń ◽  
Paulina Artymiak ◽  
Małgorzata Kowal ◽  
Agnieszka Woronkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the differences between selected lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters among preschool (3–7 years of age) children of differing adiposity status. The study was conducted from February to June 2018 in 20 randomly selected kindergartens in Kraków, Poland. Triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and calf skinfold thicknesses were measured. The sum of all six skinfolds was calculated and the children were subsequently characterized by low (≤–1 SD [standard deviation]), normal (–1 to 1 SD) or high body fat (≥1 SD). Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire filled out by the children’s parents or legal guardians. Preschool children in the high adiposity category had, on average, fewer siblings and longer screen time; additionally, their parents had lower education and more often worked in manual jobs, in comparison to the children in the low and average adiposity categories. In conclusion, it was observed that children in different adiposity categories varied in terms of some socioeconomic as well as lifestyle characteristics. Knowledge regarding the influence that those factors can have on the metabolic health of children is essential for children’s present as well as future well-being. Moreover, it can help health care professionals and parents decide what intervention and/ or preventive measures should be undertaken to ensure the best possible outcomes, as the development of successful obesity prevention strategies should rely on evidence-based information. Nonetheless, future research examining the issue of factors influencing the metabolic health of children, as well as these outcomes later in life, is crucial. Well-planned studies including a large number of individuals, as well as longitudinal research, will be particularly beneficial in this regard.

scholarly journals Entsisewata’karí:teke (You Will Be Healthy Again): Clinical Outcomes of Returning to a Traditional Haudenosaunee Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Jude De Souza ◽  
Nicole M Bilodeau ◽  
Kelly Gordon ◽  
A Darlene Davis ◽  
Jennifer C Stearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Six Nations ◽  
Body Circumferences ◽  
The Impact

Haudenosaunee Peoples of eastern North America have a strong agricultural tradition and culture associated with maize horticulture. Traditional foodways and diet were disrupted after the people were dispossessed from traditional lands maintained prior to colonization. As a result, Haudenosaunee have been disconnected from their traditional diet and lifestyle, and chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity are increasing. Healthy Roots was developed in Six Nations of the Grand River territory by Haudenosaunee community members. It started as a 90-day challenge, in which participants adhere to a diet of traditional foods found in Haudenosaunee territories pre-European contact. The community decided to formally evaluate the impact of the diet in a pilot pre–post intervention study of 22 participants in 2016/17. We investigated the effects of the 3-month dietary intervention on physical measurements, ectopic fat (including visceral and liver adipose tissue), serum lipids, and hemoglobin A1c among Haudenosaunee participants in Six Nations. We provided biweekly Haudenosaunee food boxes, and offered workshops, cooking classes, and individual support from a dietitian. The intervention reduced body weight, body circumferences including waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c, and MRI-detected hepatic fat fraction. There were no adverse events. Engagement in the program was high and trends favoured improved well-being. The intervention shows great potential as a mechanism for improving physical health and restoring cultural connectedness and identity. The implications for improving mental health and community cohesion are also important areas to consider in future research.

The Preferred Coaching Styles of Generation Z Athletes: A Qualitative Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisha Parker ◽  
Daniel Czech ◽  
Trey Burdette ◽  
Jonathan Stewart ◽  
David Biber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Coaching Styles ◽  
The Impact

With over 50 million youth athletes participating in some kind of sports in the United States alone, it is important to realize the impact and benefits of playing (Weinberg and Gould, 2011). Physically, sports can help youth improve strength, endurance, weight control, and bone structure (Seefeldt, Ewing & Walk, 1992). Sport participation also benefits youths socially (Seefeldt, Ewing & Walk, 1992) and academically (Fraser-Thomas, Côté & Deakin, 2005). Optimal coaching education and training is a necessity if young athletes are to learn and improve in these aforementioned areas. In order for youth to grow from their sport experience, they need guidance from coaches, parents, and other important figures. Recent research by Jones, Jo and Martin (2007) suggests that more recent generations require a new approach to learning. The purpose of the current study was to qualitatively examine the preferred coaching styles of youth soccer players from Generation Z. After interviewing 10 youth athletes (five male, five female), four main themes emerged for Generation Z’s view of a “great coach.” These themes reflected the desire for a coach that: 1) does not yell and remains calm, 2) is caring and encouraging, 3) has knowledge of the sport, and 4) involves the team in decision making. Future research could include implementing a mixed-methodological approach incorporating the Leadership Scale for Sport (Chelladurai, 1984). Another avenue worthy of investigation is the role that technology plays for Generation Z athletes.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Era on Pulmonary Embolism Patients: Increased Incidence of Hospitalizations and Higher Mortality—What Can Be Done?

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Aura Vîjîiac ◽  
Diana Irena Stănciulescu ◽  
Alexandru Emil Băetu ◽  
Iulia-Adelina Grigore ◽  
Denisa Vintilă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease outbreak in 2019 (COVID-19) reached devastating pandemic proportions, still representing a challenge for all healthcare workers. Furthermore, the social environment underwent significant changes and healthcare facilities were overwhelmed by COVID-19 patients. The purpose of our study was to compare the prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of 234 patients presenting with pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, to patients presenting with PE one year before, aiming to assess differences and similarities between these patients. Or main findings were: patients with PE had worse survival during the pandemic, there was an increased incidence of PE among hospitalizations in our cardiology unit during the COVID-19 pandemic, and patients hospitalized with PE during the pandemic were more likely to be obese, allowing us to infer that weight control can have a positive impact on preventing PE. Future research should establish optimal therapeutic, epidemiological and economical strategies for non-COVID patients, as the pandemic continues to put significant burden on the healthcare systems worldwide.

scholarly journals Reporting Accuracy of Energy Intake Among Exclusively Formula-Fed Infants (P11-097-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Trabulsi ◽  
Lindsay Domino ◽  
Nicole Stouffer ◽  
Virginia Stallings ◽  
Dale Schoeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Reporting Accuracy ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Assessment of diet is important for understanding nutrition-related health outcomes. Like all methods, diet assessment is subject to error. Error, and in turn reporting accuracy, have been studied extensively in the adult literature but to a lesser extent in the pediatric literature. In the present study, we utilized data on energy intake (EI) and total energy expenditure (TEE) in a racially diverse and contemporary cohort of healthy exclusively formula-fed newborns to determine EI reporting accuracy. Methods In 0.75-month-old term infants (n = 113; 62% black), we measured TEE using the doubly labeled water method and EI using the 3-day weighed bottle method with diet records. Mothers were provided with pre-weighed bottles from which to feed their infants and bottles were weighed by study staff upon return; diet records were analyzed using Nutrient Data Software for Research. Since energy is needed for growth, the estimated energy requirement (EER) was calculated using TEE + energy cost of tissue deposition (175 kcal/d). EI was defined as the mean energy intake over the 3-day period and reporting accuracy was defined as the ratio of EI: EER, which should be equivalent to 1.0 in healthy infants. The cutoff range for implausible reporters was: greater than or less than 1.0 –2*the square root of the average within subject coefficient of variation for EI (12.5%)/100 and TEE (8.2%)/100. EI: EER ratios within the cutoff range (i.e., 0.778-1.222) were categorized as plausible reports, and those below or above the cutoff categorized as non-plausible under-reports and over-reports of EI. Results The mean EI: EER was 1.037, with a minimum and maximum of 0.360 and 1.907, respectively. Approximately half (49%) of the ratios were deemed plausible, whereas the remainder were implausible under reports (24%) or over reports (27%). Among plausible reports, the mean EI: EER ratio was 0.990 with a minimum and maximum of 0.778 and 1.217, respectively. Conclusions Despite using the weighed bottle method, only half of the EI reports were plausible. Future research needs to optimize the weighed bottle method to improve accuracy among newly parturient mothers, and consider the accuracy of reported EI when evaluating the impact of early diet on health outcomes. Funding Sources NIH Grants HD072307 and HD094908.

scholarly journals Leptin-induced increase in body fat content of rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. E267-E281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth B. S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Reduced Body

We previously reported that peripheral leptin infusions in chronically decrebrate rats, in which the forebrain is neurally isolated from the hindbrain, increased body fat and decreased energy expenditure. Any central leptin response in decerebrate rats would depend upon the hindbrain. Here, we tested whether selective activation of hindbrain leptin receptors increased body fat. Fourth ventricle infusion of 0.6 μg leptin/day for 12 days increased body fat by 13% with no increase in food intake. Third ventricle leptin infusions decreased food intake, body fat, and lean tissue with a maximal response at 0.3 μg leptin/day. To test whether hindbrain receptors opposed activity of hypothalamic receptors, rats received peripheral infusions of 40 μg leptin/day and increasing 4th ventricle doses of the leptin receptor antagonist mutein protein. Mutein (3.0 μg/day) reduced body fat in PBS-infused rats to the same level as leptin-infused rats and reduced lean tissue in all rats. Leptin, but not mutein, inhibited food intake. By contrast, 3.0 μg/day mutein in the 3rd ventricle increased food intake and body fat in both PBS- and leptin-infused rats. In basal conditions, hindbrain leptin receptors may antagonize activity of forebrain receptors to protect lean and fat tissue, but there is no evidence for an anabolic role for hindbrain receptors when leptin is elevated. In a dietary study, rats increased energy intake when offered lard and 30% sucrose solution in addition to chow. Peripheral leptin infusion exaggerated the gain in body fat without altering energy intake confirming the potential for leptin to increase adiposity.

scholarly journals 'Critical Ingredients of Success': Exercise for Men : Exploring the Preferences and Experiences of Men Who have Had a Diagnosis of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Colleen Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
The Impact

<p>Evidence demonstrates the benefits of exercise for those with a cancer diagnosis and there is an increasing recognition of the need to tailor exercise opportunities for specific patient groups. However, little is known about the preferences and experiences of exercise in men who have had a diagnosis of cancer. In May 2011, the Waikato/Bay of Plenty division of the Cancer Society of New Zealand introduced a supervised, circuit-based group exercise programme specifically for men. Given this was the first known such programme in New Zealand, this study involved a process evaluation of the programme‘s development and implementation. The aims of the study were to explore the experiences of the men who participated, to investigate their preferences for exercise, and identify factors essential to the ongoing design and delivery of acceptable, accessible and appropriate exercise programmes for men. The 10 male participants and the physiotherapist who delivered the programme were interviewed about their experiences of the 6 week programme. The men were aged 62-80 years with a median age of 69, had diverse professional and personal backgrounds, varied types and stages of cancer and a wide range of physical fitness. The interview data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. The programme met the men's needs and each felt invigorated for attending. The men all wanted the programme to continue. Four major themes emerged: 1) the importance of a safe, inclusive programme, 2) camaraderie and the impact of competition and humour, 3) acceptability of the programme and its purpose, and 4) the overall value of the programme. This research builds on existing knowledge and contributes to a deeper understanding of the utility and feasibility of a group-based exercise programme for men, and the factors that need to be considered in designing further programmes. Practicalities, possibilities and implications for practice and future research are discussed. These include the use of simple transferable resources and the ease in which this flexible programme could be further developed and expanded, the value of a multidisciplinary approach, and the potential multiple benefits for men‘s health care.</p>

scholarly journals 'Critical Ingredients of Success': Exercise for Men : Exploring the Preferences and Experiences of Men Who have Had a Diagnosis of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Colleen Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
The Impact

<p>Evidence demonstrates the benefits of exercise for those with a cancer diagnosis and there is an increasing recognition of the need to tailor exercise opportunities for specific patient groups. However, little is known about the preferences and experiences of exercise in men who have had a diagnosis of cancer. In May 2011, the Waikato/Bay of Plenty division of the Cancer Society of New Zealand introduced a supervised, circuit-based group exercise programme specifically for men. Given this was the first known such programme in New Zealand, this study involved a process evaluation of the programme‘s development and implementation. The aims of the study were to explore the experiences of the men who participated, to investigate their preferences for exercise, and identify factors essential to the ongoing design and delivery of acceptable, accessible and appropriate exercise programmes for men. The 10 male participants and the physiotherapist who delivered the programme were interviewed about their experiences of the 6 week programme. The men were aged 62-80 years with a median age of 69, had diverse professional and personal backgrounds, varied types and stages of cancer and a wide range of physical fitness. The interview data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. The programme met the men's needs and each felt invigorated for attending. The men all wanted the programme to continue. Four major themes emerged: 1) the importance of a safe, inclusive programme, 2) camaraderie and the impact of competition and humour, 3) acceptability of the programme and its purpose, and 4) the overall value of the programme. This research builds on existing knowledge and contributes to a deeper understanding of the utility and feasibility of a group-based exercise programme for men, and the factors that need to be considered in designing further programmes. Practicalities, possibilities and implications for practice and future research are discussed. These include the use of simple transferable resources and the ease in which this flexible programme could be further developed and expanded, the value of a multidisciplinary approach, and the potential multiple benefits for men‘s health care.</p>

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