scholarly journals WHAT IS NEW IN ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (A) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Giovannelli
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Astroparticle Physics ◽  
Limited Length ◽  
Made In

In this brief review paper I will point to the most important steps that have been made in recent decades toward a better understanding of the physics governing our Universe. Because of the limited length of this paper, I have selected only a few results that, in my opinion, have been of crucial importance.

scholarly journals Astroparticle Physics Today

10.14311/1700 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Giovannelli
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Astroparticle Physics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neutrino Astrophysics ◽  
Limited Length ◽  
Particle Astrophysics ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Made In

In this short review paper I will draw attention to the most important steps made in the past decade toward a better understanding of the physics governing our Universe. The results that I will discuss are drawn from the photonic astrophysics, particle astrophysics, and neutrino astrophysics, which constitute the main tools for exploring the Universe. The union of these three tools has given rise to a new field of physics known as Astroparticle Physics. Because of the limited length of this paper, I have selected only a few arguments that, in my opinion, have been crucial for the progress of Physics.

scholarly journals Old and New from Multifrequency Astrophysics

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Giovannelli ◽  
Lola Sabau-Graziati
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Energy Bands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Length ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In

In this short review paper we comment on some the most important steps that have been made in the past decades for a better understanding of the physics governing our Universe. The results we discuss come from the many groundand-space-based experiments developed for measuring astrophysical sources in various energy bands. These experimental results are discussed within the framework of current theoretical models. Because of the limited length of this paper, we have selected only a few topics that, in our opinion, have been crucial for the progress of our understanding of the physics of cosmic sources.

scholarly journals Epoxy\Epoxy Composite\Epoxy Hybrid Composite Coatings for Tribological Applications—A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
M. M. A. Baig ◽  
M. Abdul Samad
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Corrosive Media ◽  
Fluid Handling ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Made In

Epoxy composite coating systems generally find their usage in applications such as, fluid handling systems to protect components from corrosive media. However, their use in demanding tribological applications such as, in sliding components of machines, are known to be limited. This is often attributed to their low load bearing capacity combined with poor thermal stability under severe p-v regimes. Researchers have tried to enhance the tribological properties of the epoxy coatings using a combination of several types of micro/nano sized fillers to produce composite or hybrid composite coatings. Hence, this review paper aims to focus on the recent advances made in developing the epoxy coating systems. Special attention would be paid to the types and properties of nano-fillers that have been commonly used to develop these coatings, different dispersion techniques adopted and the effects that each of these fillers (and their combinations) have on the tribological properties of these coatings.

scholarly journals Mechanical distribution of beneficial arthropods in greenhouse and open field: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Papa ◽  
Giuseppe Manetto ◽  
Emanuele Cerruto ◽  
Sabina Failla
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Beneficial Organisms ◽  
Made In

In the last decades, political policies and collective consciousness focused on the importance of sustainable food and environmentally friendly approaches in agriculture. Distribution of beneficial organisms is a very important factor in integrated pest management, and mechanical release could improve application uniformity as well as reduce costs and working time. Several mechanisation experiences have been carried out through the years, however none of them has still found a massive application in common agricultural practices. This review paper analyses all the efforts made in this direction, by evaluating main strengths and weakness points of manually brought, tractor mounted, or aerial mechanical devices. In this way development opportunities can be identified, in a field that could achieve a substantial role in food production and agricultural activities while respecting the environment and human health.

scholarly journals PARTICULATE MATTER: AN APPROACH TO AIR POLLUTION

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Olawale Abulude
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Made In

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the problems faced in environmental science. It has health effects on man and animals in both developed and developing countries. Research and efforts have been on it several years back. Policy statements and efforts have been published. This review paper is an added information on air pollution. In it, efforts were made in discussing these: classification, effects, methodology, case studies and source apportionment. It is hoped that this paper would contribute to existing knowledge on PM.

A Review of Measurement Equivalence in Organizational Research: What's Old, What's New, What's Next?

2021 ◽  
pp. 109442812110565
Author(s):  
Ajay V. Somaraju ◽  
Christopher D. Nye ◽  
Jeffrey Olenick
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Organizational Constructs ◽  
Organizational Literature ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Highly Cited

The study of measurement equivalence has important implications for organizational research. Nonequivalence across groups or over time can affect the results of a study and the conclusions that are drawn from it. As a result, the review paper by Vandenberg & Lance (2000) has been highly cited and has played an important role in understanding the measurement of organizational constructs. However, that paper is now 20 years old, and a number of advances have been made in the application and interpretation of measurement equivalence (ME) since its publication. Therefore, the goal of the present paper is to provide an updated review of ME techniques that describes recent advances in testing for ME and proposes a taxonomy of potential sources of nonequivalence. Finally, we articulate recommendations for applying these newer methods and consider future directions for measurement equivalence research in the organizational literature.

Biocorrosion research: Are we barking up the right trees?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Curt Flemming ◽  
Brenda Little ◽  
Dan Blackwood ◽  
Jamie Hinks ◽  
Federico Lauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
The State ◽  
Microbially Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Science ◽  
The Right ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Made In

<p>Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC), is acknowledged to be the direct cause of catastrophic corrosion failures, with damages ranging to many billions of US$. In spite of extensive research and numerous publications, fundamental questions still remain unanswered. In 1993, J.F.D. Stott published a review paper in Corrosion Science, entitled “What progress in the understanding of microbially influenced corrosion has been made in the last 25 years?“ He concluded, “The most commonly asked question about MIC is: what will be the expected corrosion rate of material x in an environment where aggressive microorganisms proliferate?... For many materials we can no more answer this question now than we could 25 years ago.” Now, over 50 years later, that question is still open. Current MIC research does not provide data related to detection and verification in the field, diagnosing, modelling or prediction. Laboratory experiments seldom attempt to recreate relevant natural or industrial electrolytes. A sober, solution-oriented contemplation of the state-of-art and acknowledgement of the substantial deficiencies in our understanding may help shift MIC research into a direction which could actually produce useful answers.</p>

Reply to the comment by Dalby and Elliott on "Predator classification by the sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi (Cnidaria): role of waterborne chemical cues and physical contact with predatory sea stars"

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-561
Author(s):  
Janice O Weightman ◽  
David J Arsenault
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Made In

The comment of Dalby and Elliott was triggered by a statement we made in a research note to the effect that our study provided the first experimental evidence of predator-classification abilities in cnidarians. Based on an extensive literature search and the appreciation of our manuscript by the reviewers, at the time of publication we believed that this statement was correct. After reviewing the research articles highlighted by Dalby and Elliott, we concur that the statement is incorrect. We discuss some possible reasons why the articles cited by the authors were not found during our literature search, including the use of technical "jargon". In formulating their comment, the authors make several incorrect assumptions, including (i) that our literature search was limited to a single broad review paper and (ii) that we overlooked key information in at least two of the papers we cited. Also, the authors appear to confound predator recognition and predator classification, as some of the articles they cite do not examine predator-classification abilities. Finally, they give the impression that predator-classification abilities are ubiquitous in cnidarians. This appears to be an overstatement, since a number of published studies clearly indicate high variability in the ability of cnidarians to (i) recognize predators and (ii) respond "correctly" according to the relative threat they represent.

Mechanical properties of natural fibre polymer composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnivesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Harendra K. Narang ◽  
Somnath Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
To Come ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites ◽  
Made In

Abstract Extensive efforts have been made in the last decade for the development of natural fibre composites. This development paved the way for engineers and researchers to come up with natural fibre composites (NFCs) that exhibit better mechanical properties. The present review is based on the mechanical properties of jute, abaca, coconut, kenaf, sisal, and bamboo fibre-reinforced composites. Before selecting any NFC for a particular application, it becomes necessary to understand its compatibility for the same, which can be decided by knowing its mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. This review paper emphasises on the factors influencing the mechanical properties of NFCs like the type of matrix and fibre, interfacial adhesion, and compatibility between matrix and fibre. Efforts are also made to unveil the research gaps from the past literatures, as a result of which it is inferred that there is very limited work published in the field of vibration incorporating potential fillers such as red mud and fly ash with NFCs.

scholarly journals Investigation of tunable gyrotron on a cone-shaped waveguide

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-367
Author(s):  
S. V. Kolosov ◽  
V. E. Zapevalov ◽  
I. E. Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Angular Spread ◽  
Traveling Wave Tube ◽  
Magnetostatic Field ◽  
Ohmic Losses ◽  
Limited Length ◽  
Tunable Frequency ◽  
Mechanical Movement ◽  
Tunable Gyrotron ◽  
Made In

The results of calculations of a nonlinear model of a tunable frequency gyrotron on a cone-shaped waveguide and the main wave TE01 are presented. It is shown that the adjustment range can reach 2.8 %. To extend this band, it is necessary to lengthen the cone-shaped part of the waveguide without changing the angle of increase in the radius of the waveguide.The wave efficiency of a waveguide expanding along the axis is 21 % at a working frequency of 10 GHz. To achieve these parameters, it is necessary to divide the gyrotron electromagnet into two parts – the main electromagnet and auxiliary one, which has a limited length and can move along the waveguide. The second magnet can be made in the form of a set of individual electromagnets of limited length the set of electromagnets must fill the entire length of the cone-shaped waveguide. The fulfillment of this condition will allow to move the resonant magnetostatic field along the waveguide by switching the current in the coils of this set of electromagnets, which will exclude the mechanical movement of the auxiliary electromagnet. At a frequency of 200 GHz, the wave efficiency is reduced to 15 %, while the ohmic losses in the walls of the waveguide are 3 % of the power of the electron beam.The dependence of the gyrotron efficiency on the initial angular spread of electron velocities was investigated. It was concluded that the initial angular spread of the electron velocities has very little effect on the efficiency of the tunable gyrotron.The wave efficiency of a waveguide narrowing in length can reach 29 % at a frequency of 200 GHz, ohmic losses in the walls of a copper waveguide amount to 4 % of the power of the electron beam. Calculations have shown that a lamp backward wave gyrotron with a waveguide narrowing along the axis is more efficient than the version of the gyrotron traveling wave tube. However, in both cases, the synchronous value of the magnetostatic field must be displaced along the axis, depending on the required operating frequency, otherwise there occurs either a rearrangement of the electron beam or a return of the energy to the high-frequency field by the electron beam.

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