scholarly journals José del Valle: a Benthamite in Central America

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Political Career ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between Jeremy Bentham and José Cecilio del Valle, one of the most important leaders of Central America’s independence process. Since this relationship has received little attention from those studying the links between Bentham and Spanish American politicians, with the exception of Miriam Williford 1 , we consider that is very important to explore the influence of the utilitarian philosophy in Central America. With this purpose in mind, we will examine the ideas expressed in some of Valle´s writings and government projects throughout his political career dated between 1810 and 1834 in Guatemala.

scholarly journals I am smart, therefore I can: examining the relationship between IQ and self-efficacy across cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diomaris E.S. Jurecska ◽  
Chloe E. Lee ◽  
Kelly B.T. Chang ◽  
Elizabeth Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between intelligence (IQ) and self-efficacy in children and adolescents living in the United States and Nicaragua. The sample consisted of 90 (46 male, 44 female) students (mean age=11.57 years, SD=3.0 years) referred by school administrators and faculty. United States (US) participants (n=27) resided in rural counties in the Northwest. The other group consisted of 63 students from Central America. A comparison between groups revealed that in the US, sample higher grades and IQ scores are typically associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. However in the Nicaraguan sample, both IQ scores and grades were not associated with self-efficacy, although age was correlated with self-efficacy. Results suggest that the construct of self-efficacy might change depending on whether one belongs to an individualistic or collectivistic society. Additionally, the effects of socioeconomic factors might influence perceived ability even more than intellectual abilities.

scholarly journals Increment in the volcanic unrest and number of eruptions after the 2012 large earthquakes sequence in Central America

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino González ◽  
Eisuke Fujita ◽  
Bunichiro Shibazaki ◽  
Takumi Hayashida ◽  
Giovanni Chiodini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Dynamic Stress ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Tectonic Earthquakes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Earthquakes

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship cause/effect between tectonic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions is a striking topic in Earth Sciences. Volcanoes erupt with variable reaction times as a consequence of the impact of seismic waves (i.e. dynamic stress) and changes in the stress field (i.e. static stress). In 2012, three large (Mw ≥ 7.3) subduction earthquakes struck Central America within a period of 10 weeks; subsequently, some volcanoes in the region erupted a few days after, while others took months or even years to erupt. Here, we show that these three earthquakes contributed to the increase in the number of volcanic eruptions during the 7 years that followed these seismic events. We found that only those volcanoes that were already in a critical state of unrest eventually erupted, which indicates that the earthquakes only prompted the eruptions. Therefore, we recommend the permanent monitoring of active volcanoes to reveal which are more susceptible to culminate into eruption in the aftermath of the next large-magnitude earthquake hits a region.

Bentham's Metaphysics and the Science of Divinity

1986 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-411
Author(s):  
James E. Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Physical Science ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
New Science ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critique Of Religion

The utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) has long been recognized as an exponent of a new science of society. However, scholars of his thought have given scant attention to at least one important aspect of that science: the relationship between the metaphysical presuppositions of his social science and his view on religion. Rarely is it considered that Bentham's aspiration to create a science of society in emulation of physical science was fundamental to his critique of religion just as it was to all other areas of his thought. This critique of religion was set out principally in a series of works written between the years 1809 and 1823. Swear Not at All was published in 1817, and followed a year later, after earlier efforts were aborted in 1809 and 1813, by Church-of-Englandism and its Catechism Examined. The Analysis of the Influence of Natural Religion on the Temporal Happiness of Mankind appeared in 1822 and Not Paul, but Jesus in 1823. It was not merely a coincidence that in the very period when Bentham devoted so much of his time to religion his work on metaphysics and logic substantially reached fruition. The “Book on Logic,” on which Bentham worked at intervals between 1811 and 1821, was intended to give a full description of his “method.” The work was never completed but was eventually edited and included in several fragments in John Bowring's edition of The Works of Jeremy Bentham. The essay on “Nomography” with an appendix on “Logical Arrangements, or Instruments of Invention and Discovery Employed by Jeremy Bentham” is included in the third volume, and in the eighth volume is to be found the “Essay on Logic,” “A Fragment on Ontology,” the “Essay on Language,” and the “Fragments on Universal Grammar.” The metaphysics described in these essays by Bentham was initially developed by him during the formative years of his intellectual life in the early 1770s, and he was always aware of its particular consequences in the field of religion.

Drought: The Silent Harm of Migration From Central America During the Period 1990 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sazcha Olivera ◽  
María del Pilar Fuerte-Celis ◽  
Bernardo Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rain Precipitation

The worldwide number of migrants has had a rapid increase during the last fifteen years. Despite the extensive research studies that elucidate the increase in migrants' recipient countries, we know little about the relationship between the climate factors and human mobility in the countries of origin. Hence, this study focuses on the effects of weather and the propensity of individuals to leave a territory by measuring the importance of rain precipitation or the lack of it in one of the critical food corridors of Central America, formed by El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. To study the mobility process, we develop a stochastic frontier model; the main result shows a greater propensity to migrate when there is a significant drought event in the place of origin. Some other factors that motivate people to leave their homeland are the effect of other climate events measured through the control system (ENSO), homicide levels, economic performance, and exchange rate. The findings allow differentiating between drought and excess precipitation on a population and mobility to other territories. In addition, these results permit us to derive observable implications of the different effects of flooding and drought and create public policies of prevention, mitigation, and resilience.

‘Take Down Mezuzahs, Remove Name-Plates’: The Emigration of Objects from Germany to Palestine

Jewishness ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Joachim Schlör
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Private Property ◽  
German Society ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Individual Memory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter evaluates the meaning of objects inventoried and packed as emigrants prepared to leave Germany for Palestine after Adolf Hitler came to power. Private property has, for both the individual memory and the collective memory, a deep emotional significance. The exclusion of the Jews from German society started with the National Socialist policy of ‘Aryanization’, the expropriation of property. Many y émigrés had to abandon, to leave behind, their private dwellings. In the process, they lost more than the object itself. Around 1800, the British philosopher and legal theoretician Jeremy Bentham drew attention to the importance of the relationship between an object and its owner: ownership forms the basis of a hope. Thus, the threat of losing property is symbolic of the loss of all hope of a continued life in Germany and as a German. Ultimately, Aryanization and confiscation were a symbolic theft of identity. And in these cases, even the legal system was no longer capable of protecting property rights. Those who emigrated in good time were able to take at least some of their property with them.

An English Utilitarian Looks at Spanish-American Independence: Jeremy Bentham’s Rid Yourselves of Ultramaria

1996 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Harris
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Central American ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Good Government ◽  
University Level

On August 31 1832, when news arrived of the death of the English utilitarian philosopher and jurisconsult, Jeremy Bentham, the Guatemalan Statesman José del Valle introduced a resolution to the congress of the Central American Republic requesting all its members to wear mourning as a mark of respect. He also took the opportunity to bestow fulsome praise on Bentham, not only as the sage who had taught the art of legislation and government, but also as the defender of Spanish-American independence.Few would dispute the first claim. Bentham’s work on the science of legislation, Traités de législation, had been translated into Spanish and was widely read throughout Spanish America. Francisco Santander was said to have always had a copy open on his desk and it was adopted as a basic text for study at University level in Buenos Aires and Santiago. Many of Bentham’s other works enjoyed similar esteem and his opinions on what constituted good government were constantly cited and debated in the assemblies of the new republics.

Utility and Justice: Epicurus and the Epicurean Tradition

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
F. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Pierre Gassendi ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between utility and justice in the ancient Epicurean tradition, and as it developed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries following the revival of Epicureanism in the writings of Pierre Gassendi. It focuses on the significance of various allusions to a line from Horace, ‘utilitas, justi prope mater et aequi’ (utility, the mother of justice and equity), which appeared in writings of Hugo Grotius, David Hume, and Jeremy Bentham, and was used to give utility a prominence in modern hought that it had not hitherto received. The article attempts to provide the context for Hume’s belief in the Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals that the foundation of justice was utility and for Bentham placing utility at the foundation of his system.

“This England and This Now”: British Cultural and Intellectual Influence in the Spanish American Independence Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Racine
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
The Press ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
Intellectual Influence ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
Early Republican

Abstract This essay argues that Great Britain provided the strongest and most relevant contemporary model for the Spanish American independence leaders. Over the course of two eventful decades, 1808 to 1826, over 70 patriot leaders made the long and difficult journey to London to seek political recognition, arms, recruits, and financial backing for their emancipation movements. Countless others remained at home in Spanish America but allied themselves with Britain through their commercial ventures, their ideological affiliation, or their enthusiastic emulation of British institutions, inventions, and practices such as the Lancasterian system of monitorial education, trial by jury, freedom of the press laws, steam engines, and mining technology. This generation of independence leaders carried on a purposeful correspondence with famous British figures such as abolitionist William Wilberforce, prison reformer Elizabeth Fry, utilitarian philosophers Jeremy Bentham and James Mill, scientist Humphrey Davy, and vaccination proponent Edward Jenner. Their conscious choice to draw closer to Great Britain, rather than Napoleonic France or the early republican United States, reveals much about the kind of cultural model the Spanish American independence leaders admired and their vision of the countries they wanted to create.

scholarly journals A review of the memoirs of the Governor of the Samara region Konstantin Alekseevich Titov in the journal Samara Destinies. Samara, 2019, no. 9

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
S. N. Abrashkin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Political Career ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The review analyzes the memoirs of the first governor of the Samara region in the modern history of Russia Konstantin Alekseevich Titov. The ex-governor recorded the most important events of his political career, presented the personal characteristics of statesmen of the period of the 1990-s and early 2000-s. As a result of the study, it was found that in the memoirs of K.A.Titov, the relationship of the Samara governor with statesmen and representatives of the political elite of the Russian Federation is presented and fragmented his activities as a regional head of one of the largest regions of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals REESTRUTURAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NA TV: as mudanças tecnológicas e profissionais pelo jornalista Elias Neto da TV Centro América

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Luãn José Vaz Chagas ◽  
Aline Figueiredo ◽  
Anne Bertuzzi ◽  
Nayara Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Central America ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
News Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

As influências tecnológicas e sociais que o telejornalismo sofreu ao longo dos anos, desde as mudanças nas rotinas produtivas, alteração no perfil do âncora até o advento das novas mídias digitais perpassam diferentes níveis da construção das notícias. Neste artigo a reflexão parte de uma entrevista e análise sobre as mudanças do caminho profissional do jornalista e âncora da TV Centro América em Cuiabá, Elias Neto. Assim, buscamos compreender como a reestruturação profissional somada com as mutações do fazer jornalístico fizeram com que a busca de novos modelos estruturais levassem a novas forma de trabalho na relação entre o apresentador, o público e a produção noticiosa.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Âncora; Telejornalismo; Reestruturação profissional; Televisão.       ABSTRACT The technological and social influences that television journalism has undergone over the years, from changes in production routines, changes in the profile of the anchor to the advent of new digital media permeate different levels of the construction of news. In this article the reflection starts from an interview and analysis about the changes of the professional path of the journalist and anchor of Central America TV in Cuiabá, Elias Neto. Thus, we seek to understand how the professional restructuring together with the mutations of journalistic making have made the search for new structural models lead to new ways of working in the relationship between the presenter, the public and news production.   KEYWORDS: Host; Journalism; Professional restructuring; Television.       RESUMEN Las influencias tecnológicas y sociales que el periodismo televisivo ha experimentado a lo largo de los años, desde los cambios en las rutinas de producción, los cambios en el perfil del ancla hasta la llegada de los nuevos medios digitales impregnan diferentes niveles de la construcción de noticias. En este artículo, la reflexión parte de una entrevista y un análisis sobre los cambios en la trayectoria profesional del periodista y presentador de la televisión de América Central en Cuiabá, Elías Neto. Por lo tanto, buscamos comprender cómo la reestructuración profesional junto con las mutaciones de la creación periodística han hecho que la búsqueda de nuevos modelos estructurales conduzca a nuevas formas de trabajar en la relación entre el presentador, el público y la producción de noticias.     PALABRAS CLAVE: Ancla; Periodismo; Reestructuración profesional; Televisión.  

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