scholarly journals COMMENTS TO THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE RUSSIAN CLINICALRECOMMENDATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
O. B. Ershova ◽  
O. V. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Osteoporosis Research

Osteoporosis is one of the most socially significant chronic noninfectious diseases. This is due to its high prevalence and medical, social and economic consequences from osteoporotic bone fractures. The problem of osteoporosis is intensively studied in Russia for the past 15 years. Taking into account the peculiarities of the osteoporotic process (gradual, protracted, oligosymptomatic beginning, multifactorial origin, need for prolonged treatment to achieve effectiveness, wide range of drug treatment options etc.) and remaining lack of knowledge and experience of practitioners in view of the swift progress in osteoporosis research, we consider the importance of unity in approach to diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis for doctors of all specialities. These prompted Russian experts to develop the first Russian Clinical Recommendations for osteoporosis that were published in 2005 and reviewed in 2009.

Collagen/Polyurethane-Coated Bioactive Glass: Early Achievements towards the Modelling of Healthy and Osteoporotic Bone

2014 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Caddeo ◽  
Francesco Baino ◽  
Ana Marina Ferreira ◽  
Susanna Sartori ◽  
Giorgia Novajra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Whole Systems ◽  
Bone Ageing

The development of suitable strategies to treat ageing-related pathologies has attracted the interest of researchers in view of the increasing life expectancy in the next decades. Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease with high prevalence in humans older than 50 that dramatically increases the risk of bone fractures with associated disabilities. The innovative use of new biomaterials as models of the healthy and osteoporotic bone matrix would be a new strategy to study the physiological conditions associated with osteoporosis and the connection between microenvironment changes and the bone ageing process. In this work, experimental bioactive glass substrates were coated with various polymer formulations in order to impart tunable surface features to the whole systems, which will act as models of the healthy and aged bone tissue once they have been colonized by cells.

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion – Update on Treatment Options

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Michels ◽  
Magdalena Anna Wirth ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Wide Range

The advent of new pharmacotherapeutic options and diagnostic methods have led to a revolution in the management of branch retinal vein occlusion over the past few years. Despite the variety of treatment options, we are confronted with several questions: which drug should we use? Is switching between or combining treatment options beneficial? What is the recommended treatment regimen? When should we start treatment and for how long should we continue it? Should we still use retinal laser therapy? The wide range of possibilities and emerging treatment choices not only aids, but also challenges clinicians striving for evidence-based management.

scholarly journals Wnt1 is an Lrp5-independent bone-anabolic Wnt ligand

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (466) ◽  
pp. eaau7137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Luther ◽  
Timur Alexander Yorgan ◽  
Tim Rolvien ◽  
Lorenz Ulsamer ◽  
Till Koehne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mass Increase ◽  
Bone Mass Regulation

WNT1mutations in humans are associated with a new form of osteogenesis imperfecta and with early-onset osteoporosis, suggesting a key role of WNT1 in bone mass regulation. However, the general mode of action and the therapeutic potential of Wnt1 in clinically relevant situations such as aging remain to be established. Here, we report the high prevalence of heterozygousWNT1mutations in patients with early-onset osteoporosis. We show that inactivation of Wnt1 in osteoblasts causes severe osteoporosis and spontaneous bone fractures in mice. In contrast, conditional Wnt1 expression in osteoblasts promoted rapid bone mass increase in developing young, adult, and aged mice by rapidly increasing osteoblast numbers and function. Contrary to current mechanistic models, loss of Lrp5, the co-receptor thought to transmit extracellular WNT signals during bone mass regulation, did not reduce the bone-anabolic effect of Wnt1, providing direct evidence that Wnt1 function does not require the LRP5 co-receptor. The identification of Wnt1 as a regulator of bone formation and remodeling provides the basis for development of Wnt1-targeting drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia in women of reproductive age

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-458
Author(s):  
Mekan R. Orazov ◽  
Ljudmila M. Mihaleva ◽  
Roman E. Orekhov ◽  
Irina A. Mullina
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
Excessive Proliferation

Objective of this review is a systematic analysis of the data available in the current literature on the efficacy and safety of progestogens for the prevention of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH) in patients of reproductive age. EH is an excessive proliferation that results in increased volume and changes in endometrial tissue architectonics with an increase in the endometrial glands to stroma ratio of more than 1:1. This review will consider the use of progestogens for the prevention of (EH) based on evidence-based scientific evidence over the past 5 years. The expansion of the range of effective treatment options allows the adaptation of treatment to the needs of patients and offers a personalized approach to their management. Progestogens are an effective and safe method for the prevention of atypical hyperplasia, with a wide range of therapeutic benefits associated with reliable favorable fertility prognosis, especially in young women.

scholarly journals Assessing the quantitative impact of ecosystem shifts on human societies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
Catherine E. Richards ◽  
William J Sutherland ◽  
Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Green Tides ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quantitative Impact ◽  
Broad Spatial Scale

A wide range of ecosystems have been reported to show abrupt and drastic shifts in their states. Such shifts in ecosystem states, typically known as regime shifts, are hardly predictable and not readily reversible once they have taken place, and can have considerable impacts on human societies that are dependent on those ecosystems. Nevertheless, earlier studies have rarely quantified the consequences of ecosystem shifts for human societies, instead focusing largely on identifying the occurrence of shifts, understanding drivers and mechanisms, and developing early warning signals for forecasting. We address this knowledge gap by searching for scientific evidence on the quantitative impacts of ecosystem shifts on human societies. Based on a set of pre-defined search criteria we identified a total of 92 papers that discussed particular ecosystem shifts and associated impacts. The number of papers reporting ecosystem shifts and associated impacts has considerably increased over the past 20 years, indicating a recent rise in the interest in the issue among scientific communities. The 92 papers reported state shifts in a wide range of ecosystems, with marine ecosystem shifts reported most frequently (in 22 papers), followed by shifts in wetland (18 papers) and forest (10 papers) ecosystems. Climate change was by far the most frequently reported driver of ecosystem shifts (reported in 32 papers), followed by land use change (12 papers) and nutrient inputs (nine papers). Only 17 (18%) out of the 92 papers described the quantitative consequences of ecosystem shifts for human societies. Estimated economic consequences ranged from 5 million US dollars per year relating to eutrophication of Swedish coastal waters, to costs of 200 billion US dollars linked to macro-algal green tides along the Qingdao coast. We found that our knowledge of quantitative impacts of ecosystem shifts on human societies is still severely limited, especially in terms of risks to human health and survival and, at a broad spatial scale, where multiple ecosystem shifts could interact to exacerbate the extent or severity of their impacts.

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

Endovenous procedures in varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
N. Cayne ◽  
G. Jacobowitz ◽  
P. Lamparello ◽  
T. Maldonado ◽  
C. Rockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Intense Pulse Light ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Endovenous Laser Ablation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Endovenous Treatment

SummaryOver the past ten years endoveous treatment options for varicose veins have evovled considerably, offering clinicians a multitude of options to meet the needs of their patients. The endothermal ablation procedures have moved to the forefront as the choice modality for treating truncal reflux. Both radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser ablation are widely accepted and interchangeable, showing comparable efficacy and safety. Although numerous endovenous laser wavelengths exist, the data indicates that the differences do not affect the efficacy or postoperative recovery of the procedure. The endovenous laser innovation that has shown early evidence of improved patient outcome is the jacket-tip fiber. The versatility of sclerotherapy makes it a critical component in the endovenous treatment of varicosities. Although not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (USA), the use of a foamed sclerosing agent is the fastest growing segment of sclerotherapy and an important treatment modality in the future of varicose vein treatment. Cutaneous lasers and intense pulse light devices contribute a crucial element, enabling clinicians to treat minute veins that may be impossible to treat with other therapies.

Pursuit of the Abscopal Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Paul B. Romesser ◽  
Christopher H. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tumor Irradiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tumor Recognition

AbstractEvasion of immune recognition is a hallmark of cancer that facilitates tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. Systemic immune activation can incite tumor recognition and stimulate potent antitumor responses. While the concept of antitumor immunity is not new, there is renewed interest in tumor immunology given the clinical success of immune modulators in a wide range of cancer subtypes over the past decade. One particularly interesting, yet exceedingly rare phenomenon, is the abscopal response, characterized by a potent systemic antitumor response following localized tumor irradiation presumably attributed to reactivation of antitumor immunity.

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

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