Collagen/Polyurethane-Coated Bioactive Glass: Early Achievements towards the Modelling of Healthy and Osteoporotic Bone

The development of suitable strategies to treat ageing-related pathologies has attracted the interest of researchers in view of the increasing life expectancy in the next decades. Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease with high prevalence in humans older than 50 that dramatically increases the risk of bone fractures with associated disabilities. The innovative use of new biomaterials as models of the healthy and osteoporotic bone matrix would be a new strategy to study the physiological conditions associated with osteoporosis and the connection between microenvironment changes and the bone ageing process. In this work, experimental bioactive glass substrates were coated with various polymer formulations in order to impart tunable surface features to the whole systems, which will act as models of the healthy and aged bone tissue once they have been colonized by cells.

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COMMENTS TO THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE RUSSIAN CLINICALRECOMMENDATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS

Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases ◽

10.14341/osteo2010134-46 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 34-46

Author(s):

O. B. Ershova ◽

O. V. Ershova

Keyword(s):

Bone Fractures ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Prolonged Treatment ◽

Osteoporotic Bone ◽

Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽

The Past ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Osteoporosis Research

Osteoporosis is one of the most socially significant chronic noninfectious diseases. This is due to its high prevalence and medical, social and economic consequences from osteoporotic bone fractures. The problem of osteoporosis is intensively studied in Russia for the past 15 years. Taking into account the peculiarities of the osteoporotic process (gradual, protracted, oligosymptomatic beginning, multifactorial origin, need for prolonged treatment to achieve effectiveness, wide range of drug treatment options etc.) and remaining lack of knowledge and experience of practitioners in view of the swift progress in osteoporosis research, we consider the importance of unity in approach to diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis for doctors of all specialities. These prompted Russian experts to develop the first Russian Clinical Recommendations for osteoporosis that were published in 2005 and reviewed in 2009.

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Effect of Osteoplasty with Bioactive Glass (S53P4) in Bone Healing - In vivo Experiment on Common European Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.2.6121 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 429-433

Author(s):

Solyom Arpad ◽

Cristian Trambitas ◽

Ecaterina Matei ◽

Eugeniu Vasile ◽

Fodor Pal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Healing Process ◽

Bone Grafts ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Native Bone ◽

European Rabbits ◽

Autologous Bone Grafts ◽

Fracture Types

Osteoplasty, is a procedure mostly applied in complicated bone fractures. Nowadays this method is widely used in primary fracture treatment while the native bone graft is progressively replaced with various synthetic bone substitutes. From the numerous bone grafts we�d like to mention a representative of ceramics, the S53P4 bioactive glass. (BonAlive�). The aim of this study was to investigate the healing process of different fracture types generated on rabbit femurs. During this experiment we used seven common European rabbits. We separated these animals into two groups; in the first group we surgically generated a total fracture in the middle 1/3 of the femur, while in the second group, we produced only a bone defect on the femur. The osteoplasty was carried out with bioactive glass and autologous bone grafts. The radiographic follow-up was immediate after the operation and after 3, 6 and 7 weeks. The animals were euthanized after 19, 20 and 21 weeks, for histomorphometric examination of the femur. It was also studied the ionic release from the used bioactive glass at physiological pH and the etching of the glass was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

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Mechanisms of Glucose Absorption in the Small Intestine in Health and Metabolic Diseases and Their Role in Appetite Regulation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2474

Author(s):

Lyudmila V. Gromova ◽

Serguei O. Fetissov ◽

Andrey A. Gruzdkov

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

New Strategy ◽

Intestinal Glucose Absorption

The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes shows an upward trend in recent decades. A characteristic feature of these diseases is hyperglycemia which can be associated with hyperphagia. Absorption of glucose in the small intestine physiologically contributes to the regulation of blood glucose levels, and hence, appears as a putative target for treatment of hyperglycemia. In fact, recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glucose absorption in the gut and its reabsorption in the kidney helped to develop a new strategy of diabetes treatment. Changes in blood glucose levels are also involved in regulation of appetite, suggesting that glucose absorption may be relevant to hyperphagia in metabolic diseases. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of glucose absorption in the small intestine in physiological conditions and their alterations in metabolic diseases as well as their relevance to the regulation of appetite. The key role of SGLT1 transporter in intestinal glucose absorption in both physiological conditions and in diabetes was clearly established. We conclude that although inhibition of small intestinal glucose absorption represents a valuable target for the treatment of hyperglycemia, it is not always suitable for the treatment of hyperphagia. In fact, independent regulation of glucose absorption and appetite requires a more complex approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

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Ostm1 from Mouse to Human: Insights into Osteoclast Maturation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21165600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (16) ◽

pp. 5600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jean Vacher ◽

Michael Bruccoleri ◽

Monica Pata

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Bone Development ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Adult Life ◽

Cell Types ◽

Severe Form ◽

Isolation And Characterization

The maintenance of bone mass is a dynamic process that requires a strict balance between bone formation and resorption. Bone formation is controlled by osteoblasts, while osteoclasts are responsible for resorption of the bone matrix. The opposite functions of these cell types have to be tightly regulated not only during normal bone development, but also during adult life, to maintain serum calcium homeostasis and sustain bone integrity to prevent bone fractures. Disruption of the control of bone synthesis or resorption can lead to an over accumulation of bone tissue in osteopetrosis or conversely to a net depletion of the bone mass in osteoporosis. Moreover, high levels of bone resorption with focal bone formation can cause Paget’s disease. Here, we summarize the steps toward isolation and characterization of the osteopetrosis associated trans-membrane protein 1 (Ostm1) gene and protein, essential for proper osteoclast maturation, and responsible when mutated for the most severe form of osteopetrosis in mice and humans.

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Nanohydroxyapatite Application to Osteoporosis Management

Journal of Osteoporosis ◽

10.1155/2013/679025 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Zairin Noor

Keyword(s):

Complex Structure ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Osteoporotic Bone ◽

Chemical Formula ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Sodium Calcium ◽

Hydrogen Carbonate ◽

Close Distance ◽

Hydroxyapatite Crystals

Hydroxyapatite is chemically related to the inorganic component of bone matrix as a complex structure with the formula of Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6. Previous studies have reported the application of microsized hydroxyapatite to bone regeneration, but the result is not satisfied. The limitation comes from the size of hydroxyapatite. In addition, the duration of treatment is very long. The advantages of hydroxyapatite nanocrystal are the osteoconduction, bioresorption, and contact in close distance. Crystal in osteoporotic bone is calcium phosphate hydroxide with the chemical formula of Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6. Crystal of normal bone issodium calcium hydrogen carbonate phosphate hydratewith the chemical formula of Ca8H2(PO4)6·H2O–NaHCO3–H2O. The recent development is applying nanobiology approach to hydroxyapatite. This is based on the concept that the mineral atoms arranged in a crystal structure of hydroxyapatite can be substituted or incorporated by the other mineral atoms. In conclusion, the basic elements of hydroxyapatite crystals, composed of atomic minerals in a certain geometric pattern, and their relationship to the bone cell biological activity have opened opportunities for hydroxyapatite crystals supplement application on osteoporosis. Understanding of the characteristics of bone hydroxyapatite crystals as well as the behavior of mineral atom in the substitution will have a better impact on the management of osteoporosis.

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Grafting Long Bone Fractures With Demineralized Bone Matrix Putty Enriched With Bone Marrow: Pilot Findings

Orthopedics ◽

10.3928/01477447-20061001-07 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 939-941 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ronald W. Lindsey ◽

Kalia K. Sadasivian ◽

George W. Wood ◽

Harrison A. Stubbs ◽

Jon E. Block

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Long Bone ◽

Long Bone Fractures ◽

Demineralized Bone

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Coated with Synthetic Bone-Targeting Polymers Enhance Osteoporotic Bone Fracture Regeneration

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering7040125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Yuliya Safarova (Yantsen) ◽

Farkhad Olzhayev ◽

Bauyrzhan Umbayev ◽

Andrey Tsoy ◽

Gonzalo Hortelano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Density ◽

Active Sites ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Bone Fragility ◽

Female Rats ◽

Osteoporotic Bone ◽

Osteoblast Progenitor ◽

Osteoclastic Activity

Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone density leading to bone fragility and an elevated risk of bone fractures. In osteoporotic conditions, decrease in bone density happens due to the augmented osteoclastic activity and the reduced number of osteoblast progenitor cells (mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs). We investigated a new method of cell therapy with membrane-engineered MSCs to restore the osteoblast progenitor pool and to inhibit osteoclastic activity in the fractured osteoporotic bones. The primary active sites of the polymer are the N-hydroxysuccinimide and bisphosphonate groups that allow the polymer to covalently bind to the MSCs’ plasma membrane, target hydroxyapatite molecules on the bone surface and inhibit osteolysis. The therapeutic utility of the membrane-engineered MSCs was investigated in female rats with induced estrogen-dependent osteoporosis and ulnar fractures. The analysis of the bone density dynamics showed a 27.4% and 21.5% increase in bone density at 4 and 24 weeks after the osteotomy of the ulna in animals that received four transplantations of polymer-modified MSCs. The results of the intravital observations were confirmed by the post-mortem analysis of histological slices of the fracture zones. Therefore, this combined approach that involves polymer and cell transplantation shows promise and warrants further bio-safety and clinical exploration.

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Osteodifferentiation of Human Preadipocytes Induced by Strontium Released from Hydrogels

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2012/865291 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Valeria Nardone ◽

Sergio Fabbri ◽

Francesca Marini ◽

Roberto Zonefrati ◽

Gianna Galli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Alp Activity ◽

Skeletal Defects ◽

New Strategy ◽

Human Preadipocytes ◽

Interactive Application

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in interactive application principles of biology and engineering for the development of valid biological systems for tissue regeneration, such as for the treatment of bone fractures or skeletal defects. The application of stem cells together with biomaterials releasing bioactive factors promotes the formation of bone tissue by inducing proliferation and/or cell differentiation. In this study, we used a clonal cell line from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs or preadipocytes), named PA2-E12, to evaluate the effects of strontium (Sr2+) released in the culture medium from an amidated carboxymethylcellulose (CMCA) hydrogel enriched with different Sr2+concentrations on osteodifferentiation. The osteoinductive effect was evaluated through both the expression of alkaline phophatase (ALP) activity and the hydroxyapatite (HA) production during 42 days of induction. Present data have shown that Sr2+released from CMCA promotes the osteodifferentiation induced by an osteogenic medium as shown by the increase of ALP activity at 7 and 14 days and of HA production at 14 days. In conclusion, the use of biomaterials able to releasein situosteoinductive agents, like Sr2+, could represent a new strategy for future applications in bone tissue engineering.

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