scholarly journals The sanitary quality of Tifton 85 bermuda grass and Wrangler grass hay stored under different environmental conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilda Schmoeller ◽  
Marcela Abbado Neres ◽  
Sandra Mara Ströher ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Olivieria ◽  
Caroline Daiane Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Production Area

This study evaluated the variations in temperature and dry matter content in Tifton 85 bermudagrass and Wrangler grass hay stored under different environmental conditions. The fungal and mycotoxin populations in the hay production area were also evaluated. Fifty samples (30 hay bales, ten samples of organic matter [OM], and ten samples of grass [G] before baling) were used in a completely randomized design and factorial scheme with ten treatments (a combination of two classes of G: Tifton 85 bermudagrass and Wrangler grass) and three storage systems: a covered shed without side walls, covered with a clear tarp; an open environment covered with a double-sided tarp; and a ventilated closed shed. Four additional treatments, five replications, and one sample per experimental unit completed the study design. The environment influenced the temperature of the Tifton 85 bermudagrass and Wrangler grass bales, and the dry matter content of the bales during the evaluated period was above the recommended limit (800 g kg-1). The genus Penicillium occurred with the highest frequency in the Wrangler grass stored under a double-sided tarp (6.13 log CFU g-1). In the additional treatment, the OM deposited in the soil of the Wrangler grass production area exhibited a greater occurrence of the fungus Fusarium (4.66 log CFU g-1) and of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA; 594.2 μg kg-1). The hay stored in the shed with a clear tarp exhibited more aflatoxin (AFLA) and deoxynivalenol (DON). The concentration of mycotoxins varied across the storage environments and between the stored species; however, the shed storage system used in hay production might also be a source of hay contamination via the incorporation of decomposing OM with mycotoxins in the hay.  

scholarly journals Valorization of dietary lemon pomace waste to enhance lucerne silage composition and quality characteristics, and ruminal biogas production and fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maghsoud Besharati ◽  
Valiollah Palangi ◽  
Zabihollah Nemati ◽  
Rashid Safari ◽  
Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding various levels of waste sour lemon pomace to lucerne on the properties and ruminal gas production of silage. Levels of 0 (Control), 25 (L1), 50 (L2), 75 (L3), and 100 (L4) % lemon pomace were replaced by lucerne for silage preparation and silenced for 60 days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications (3 silos per treatment). After opening the silos, pH and dry matter were measured immediately, and the dried samples were kept at -20 until further tests. The silage pH decreased with the addition of lemon pomace compared to the control (p < 0.05). Total silage volatile fatty acids and dry matter content increased with adding lemon pomace. The results of gas production also showed that lemon pomace increased the in vitro gas production volume. Adding lemon pomace to lucerne silage due to the high pectin content in these agricultural wastes caused a rapid decrease of silage pH and an acidic environment. It prevented the growth of non-beneficial bacterial species. The obtained data showed that waste sour lemon has a good potential to use as a livestock feedstuff that can be useful in reducing the cost of ruminant production and preventing environmental pollution.

Produksi Hijauan Segar dan Kadar Bahan Kering Rumput Setaria (Setaria sphacelata) dengan Aplikasi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Level Berbeda

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulfa Purwati ◽  
Asril Asril ◽  
Mira Delima
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Science ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Suatu penelitian tentang produksi hijauan segar dan kadar bahan kering rumput setaria (Setaria sphacelata) telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan (LLP) yang terletak di Jalan Utama Gampong Rukoh dan Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Prodi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala mulai dari bulan Februari 2017 hingga April 2017. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian mikoriza arbuskula terhadap produksi hijauan segar dan kadar bahan kering rumput setaria (Setaria sphacelata). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan L0 adalah perlakuan kontrol/tanpa pemberian mikoriza arbuskula, perlakuan L1 adalah perlakuan dengan pemberian 5 gr mikoriza arbuskula per rumpun, perlakuan L2 adalah perlakuan dengan pemberian 10 gr mikoriza arbuskula per rumpun, sedangkan  perlakuan L3 adalah perlakuan dengan pemberian 15 gr mikoriza arbuskula per rumpun. Parameter yang diukur adalah produksi hijauan segar dan kadar bahan kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian mikoriza arbuskula tidak berpengaruh (P0,05)  terhadap produksi hijauan segar dan kadar bahan kering.Fresh Forages Production and Dry Matter Content of Setaria (Setaria sphacelata) with Different Level of Arbuscular Mycorrizal ApplicationA research concerning fresh forages production and dry matter content of setaria (Setaria sphacelata) grass with different level of arbuscular mycorrizal application was conducted at Field Laboratory Peternakan (LLP) located on Jalan Utama Gampong Rukoh and at Nutritional Science and Feed Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University.  The research had been conducted from February until April 2017. The objective of the research was to find the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal application toward fresh forages production and dry matter content of setaria grass. Completely Randomized Design was used in this research consists of four treatments (L0 = 0 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps (control), L1 = 5 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, L2 = 10 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, and L3 = 15 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps), and five replications. Fresh forages production and dry matter content were the parameter determined. Statistical analysis result indicated that there was no significant effect (P0.05) caused by the treatments on fresh forages production and dry matter content. Therefore, the conclusion of this research was that all level of arbuscular mycorrhizal applied had no effect on setaria grass fresh production and dry matter content. A research concerning fresh forages production and dry matter content of setaria (Setaria sphacelata) grass with different level of arbuscular mycorrizal application was conducted at Field Laboratory Peternakan (LLP) located on Jalan Utama Gampong Rukoh and at Nutritional Science and Feed Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University.  The research had been conducted from February until April 2017. The objective of the research was to find the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal application toward fresh forages production and dry matter content of setaria grass. Completely Randomized Design was used in this research consists of four treatments (L0 = 0 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps (control), L1 = 5 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, L2 = 10 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, and L3 = 15 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps), and five replications. Fresh forages production and dry matter content were the parameter determined. Statistical analysis result indicated that there was no significant effect (P0.05) caused by the treatments on fresh forages production and dry matter content. Therefore, the conclusion of this research was that all level of arbuscular mycorrhizal applied had no effect on setaria grass fresh production and dry matter content.

scholarly journals Chemical and agronomic development of Kalanchoe brasiliensis Camb. and Kalanchoe pinnata (Lamk.) Pers under light and temperature levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna P. Cruz ◽  
Luciana M. Chedier ◽  
Rodrigo L. Fabri ◽  
Daniel S. Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
Lateral Branches

This study compares the development of Kalanchoe brasiliensis and Kalanchoe pinnata, which are medicinal species known as "saião" and "folha da fortuna" that are used interchangeably by the population for medicinal purposes. The experiment consisted of 20 plots/species planted in plastic bags with homogeneous substrate in a randomized design, which grown under light levels (25%, 50%, 70%, full sunlight) at environment temperature, and a treatment under a plastic with greater temperature range than the external environment. It was obtained for K. pinnata a greater plant height, total length of sprouts, stems, production and dry matter content of leaves than that obtained for K. brasiliensis, which achieved higher averages only for the length of lateral branches. The species showed increases in height, which varied in inverse proportion to the light, and it was observed the influence of temperature in K. pinnata. The production and dry matter content of leaves were proportional to the luminosity; the same occurred in the thickness of leaves for K. brasiliensis. In the swelling index and Brix degree, K. brasiliensis showed higher averages than K. pinnata. In relation to the total content of flavonoids it was not observed significant differences for both species. The analyzed parameters showed the main differences in the agronomic development of the two species.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of dehydrated maize straw ammoniated with urea

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanne Oliveira Costa Sousa ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Juliana Rodrigues Lacerda Lima ◽  
Noilson Monteles Lima ◽  
Bruno Eduardo Caxias Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradation dry matter of maize straw ammoniated with urea. This was a completely randomized design with five levels of ammoniation (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8% dry matter), with five repetitions. There was effect (P<0.05) of the ammoniation process on the retention of nitrogen in maize straw. For each 1% utilization of urea, we observed a reduction of 1.57% nitrogen retention. The dry matter content was not influenced (P>0.05) by the ammoniation; straw presented a mean value of 75%. In turn, the crude protein content increased (P<0.05) with ammoniation, increasing from 2.74% in the straw without treatment to 10 and 11% with the levels of 6 and 8% urea, respectively. For each 1% urea used, we found a reduction (P<0.05) of 0.65% in the neutral detergent fiber content of maize straw. The acid detergent fiber presented effect (P<0.05) in response to ammoniation. The technique provided a reduction of 0.69% acid detergent fiber for each 1% urea used. For dry matter degradation, we observed an increase in the soluble fraction up to the level of 6% urea. The ammoniation process favored the increase in the dry matter degradation rate of maize straw. It is recommended to conduct the ammoniation process in maize straw with 6% urea.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KANDUNGAN BAHAN KERING, BAHAN ORGANIK DAN PROTEIN KASAR PELEPAH SAWIT FERMENTASI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SUMBER KARBOHIDRAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Astuti ◽  
M N Rofiq ◽  
Nurhaita Nurhaita
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Content Factor

This research was aimed to evaluate the content of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of palm oil fronds as an alternative feed substitution of native grass, which was enhanced through fermentation biotechnological innovation with the addition of carbohydrate soluble.  Fermentation palm oil frond done using local microorganisms resources rumen content andLactobacillus. The experimental design used was factorial on complete randomized design 2x3 with 3 replication each treatment.   Factor A were the  source of inoculums fermentation, A1=. lactobacillus, A2= local microorganisms resources rumen content.  Factor B were the source of soluble carbohydrates where B1 = without a carbohydrates, rice B2 = e bran, B3 = tapioca starch.  Parameters measured were content of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of palm oil fronds.  The results of this research showed that no interaction effect between the source of microorganisms with carbohydrates, and the treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on dry matter content.  No effect Factor A for all parameters while the  factors B Influential were significantly (P < 0.01) on the content of organic matter and crude protein.  The highest crude protein content in the fermented palm oil fronds with a source of carbohydrates from rice bran (6.55%)

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN NUTRISI SERAT BUAH KELAPA SAWIT YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN FESES KERBAU PADA LEVEL YANG BERBEDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Jepri Juliantoni ◽  
Dewi Ananda Mucra ◽  
Dewi Febrina
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Fruit Oil

This study was conducted from January to March 2013 in the Laboratory of Nutrition and Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of the State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau and analysis of the nutrient content in Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Andalas University in Padang. This study aimed to determine the effect of buffalo feces with different levels of fermentation fruit oil palm fiber (SBKS) for 21 day against pH, fermentation quality, dry matter content, crude fiber, crude protein, ash and BETN. The method used in this study is completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment given is the number of buffalo feces levels (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The results showed that the addition of up to 30% buffalo feces fermentation SBKS gave highly significant effect (P <0.0 l) on the pH, but not significant effect (P> 0.05) increase levels of dry matter, crude protein and BETN, and declining levels of crude fiber and crude fat levels.

scholarly journals The study of the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022124
Author(s):  
A Regidin ◽  
S Ignatiev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Content

Abstract Sainfoin – fodder crop capable of growing in unfavorable conditions and on soils with reduced fertility. But sainfoin is not widespread and does not occupy large cultivated areas. One of the reasons for this is the small number of sainfoin varieties adapted to various environmental conditions. The purpose of the research is to identify the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin for use as a source material. The sainfoin collection nursery was established in 2017 according to the methodology of N.I. Vavilov. The area of the plots is 1 m2, the replication is two times. Standard – sainfoin variety Zernogradskiy 2. According to the results, samples with useful traits were identified: samples Sin 149, Sin 151 and Sin 8.15 with early growth (28.03) had the shortest growing season (52 days); by plant height, specimens Sin 38 (122 cm) and Sin 208.15 (122 cm) were distinguished; the highest yield of green mass was noted for samples Sin 26, Sin 126, Sin 141, Sin 102.15, Sin 103.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 2.15 with indicators of 7.67-9.72 kg/m2; a dry matter content of over 28% was noted in samples Sin 37, Sin 46, Sin 42, Sin 105.15, Sin 205.15; samples Sin 31, Sin 42, Sin 54, Sin 122, Sin 135, Sin 144, Sin 145, Sin 160, Sin 100.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 3.15, Sin 4.15, Sin 6.15, Sin 8.15, Sin 100/1142 were distinguished by a high content crude protein (20.00-21.44%).

Effect of alfalfa grass silage dry matter content on ruminal digestion and milk production in lactating dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Campbell ◽  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Protein Degradability

In trial one, seven lactating Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to investigate the effect of feeding alfalfa/grass ensiled at three dry matter (DM) levels (27.5, 46.1 and 56.4%) on the rate and extent of protein degradation. Cows were fed a total mixed ration of 70% alfalfa/grass silage, at one of three DM levels, and 30% concentrate (high moisture corn and mineral) (DM basis). Silage samples were incubated in sacco in the rumen for up to 48 h to model disappearance of DM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and nitrogen (N). Passage rates of silage, using Cr-mordanted NDF, were determined for small and total particulate fractions. Rates of DM, NDF and N disappearance, as well as rates of passage were unaffected by silage DM content. The 27% DM silage contained a larger soluble N fraction, but a smaller fraction of potentially digestible N than either the 46 or 56% DM silages. Estimates of effective protein degradability corrected for microbial contamination of digesta residues, for the 27, 46 and 56% DM silages were 75.8, 71.2 and 65.0%, respectively. In a second trial, 30 Holstein cows in mid-lactation were fed the same silages as in trial 1 using a completely randomized design. Milk protein percent and yield were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed the 56% DM silage than those fed the 27 or 46% DM silages. Wilting alfalfa/grass silages prior to ensiling decreased estimated net ruminal silage protein degradation, which was associated with improved milk protein yield. Key words: Alfalfa silage, dry matter, protein, degradability, dairy cow

scholarly journals Sugarcane silage production treated with additives at different times post burning

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Paula de Toledo Piza Roth ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Reis ◽  
Gustavo Rezende Siqueira ◽  
Marcella de Toledo Piza Roth ◽  
Flávio Dutra de Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Period

This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of the time post-burning, and additives on fermentative characteristics, losses and chemical composition on the sugar cane silage. The sugar cane variety IAC 86-2480 was ensiled on the 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days after burning. The additives evaluated were: control (Cont.), Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Calcium oxide micro pulverized (CO), and Lactobacillus buchneri (LB) plus Calcium oxide micro pulverized (LB + CO). The yeast population was determined before ensiled. After 56 days of the fermentation period the silos were opening to take samplings. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (additive and burning time) with seven treatments and four replications. The sugar cane was recontaminated with yeast, the populations increased from 5.04 to 6.48 log cfu/g of forage. Dry matter content decreased after fermentation period in average 7.6 units, compared to the sugar cane forage before ensilage. Control and LB silage showed lowest dry matter recovery (DMR), 613 g/kg and 631 g/kg, respectively, compared to the Cal and LB + Cal, 807 g/kg and 832 g/kg. This fact probably was associated to the calcium oxide control on the yeast populations. In relation to the time post-burning, the greatest changes were observed in the gas production and DMR. Gas production were higher in the first days post-burning and decreased in response to the prolongation time post-burning. The time post-burning alters the nutritive value of the fresh sugarcane and its silage and also the size of the losses from the ensilage process.

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