scholarly journals Emergence and physiological behavior of provenances of pinhão manso in function of level of aluminum

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Henrique de Sousa Mota ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
Daiane Mugnol Dresch ◽  
Cesar José da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aluminum Level ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

The aluminum in high levels in the soil affects the emergence, growth, and development of various species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence and physiological behavior of four provenances of Jatropha curcas subjected to different levels of aluminum. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with four levels of aluminum in the soil (8.2, 16.5, 24.0 mmolc·dm-3 and control) and four provenances of J. curcas seeds (P1 = Dourados-MS, P2 = Montes Claros-MG, P3 = Alta Floresta-MT, and P4 = Petrolina-PE); the effects of aluminum toxicity were investigated in 25, 50, 75, and 100 days after emergence. The levels of aluminum in the soil were collected from the initial soil correction, which featured an aluminum level of 24.0 mmolc dm-3. The seedling emergence was not affected by treatment with aluminum; however, the height and leaf area of P1, P2, and P3 were reduced with increasing levels of aluminum. The emergence and vigor of J. curcas seeds were not influenced by the differences in the origins of the seeds or by the aluminum levels evaluated. Gas exchanges were affected negatively by aluminum and the responses of the chlorophyll a fluorescence indicate harmful effect in the photosynthetic apparatus. The seeds of origin P4 (Petrolina-PE) has increased tolerance to stress conditions.

scholarly journals (210) Effect of Shading on the Germination and Vegetative Development of `Jalapeño' Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056C-1056
Author(s):  
Marcelino Bazan Tene ◽  
Juan Manuel González Gonzalez ◽  
Francisco Radillo Juarez ◽  
Jorge Pahul Covarrubias Corner ◽  
Salvador Guzman Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a plant domesticated in Mesoamerica. Hot pepper is currently widespread worldwide, and its uses are varied, such as for flavoring, pigment base, and as a nutritional food resource. Mexico produces about 623,238 tons/year of fresh fruits in 136,398 ha; the State of Colima produced 17,181 tons in 676 ha, with a mean of 27 t·ha-1. The culture of hot pepper in Colima faces certain limitations to its productive potential, such as lack of fertile and well-drained soils, constant soil moisture, and being free of weeds during the first weeks after transplanting; and maintaining plant uniformity in transplantation. This last practice is carried out in the side bed, but there is a lack of scientific evidence about the requirements of luminosity in the seed nursery in order to accelerate improvement of plant quality for transplanting, and the impact on fruit yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of shading on germination and vegetative development of `Jalapeño' hot pepper under greenhouse conditions. Four levels of luminosity were evaluated using mesh fabrics in order to produce 90%, 75%, and 50% shade, and control (0%) without shading on the seed beds. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was used. The shading treatments reduced the germination period in about 2 days; increased the percentage of germination with a range between 1.6% and 3.7%; increased the plant height 2.3, 4.8, 7.72, and 10.1 cm at 3, 7, 13, and 18 days postemergence; increased the root biomass about 7.1 g/plant, and 5.4 g of fresh foliage with the 90% shade treatment in comparison with control. Overall, a better agronomic performance of the `Jalapeño' hot pepper was obtained with 90% shading.

scholarly journals Accelerated Aging for the Evaluation of the Physiological Potential of Eggplant Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Cristiane Deuner ◽  
D. B. Rodrigues ◽  
L. V. M. De Tunes ◽  
A. S. Almeida ◽  
A. S. Suñe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Saturated Solution ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels

The use of healthy and vigorous seeds is necessary to ensure adequate plant stands, therefore, vigor tests are used to measure the physiological potential of seeds alongside with the germination test. The objective of this study was to evaluate different procedures for the estimation of the physiological potential of eggplant seeds through the accelerated aging test. Seed lots were tested for moisture content, germination, first count of germination, seedling emergence and speed of emergence index. Then, seeds were subjected to the conventional accelerated aging test, using an unsaturated NaCl solution or a NaCl saturated solution, for 24, 48 and 72 hours at 41 °C, estimating the moisture content after each period of aging. The treatments were allocated in a completely randomized design, with four treatments (seed lots) and four replicates. The use of the saturated solution of NaCl decreases the absorption of water and the rate of deterioration of eggplant seeds during the accelerated aging test, providing more uniform results. The accelerated aging test allows eggplant seed lots from cv. Napoli to be ranked at different levels of vigor and, among the procedures tested, the combinations 41 °C/48 hours and 41 °C/72 hours allowed the proper assessment of the physiological potential of seeds of this cultivar.

scholarly journals Variations in haematological and serum indices of finishing broiler birds fed neem (Azadirachta indica) and garlic (Allium sativum) as phytobiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
S. B. Mohammad ◽  
R. A. Sobayo ◽  
O. M. Sogunle ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Different Levels

One hundred and eighty day-old Cobb broiler chickens were used to evaluate the effects of feeding diets containing neem leaf meal (NLM), garlic meal (GM) and their combination (NLM + GM) on haematological and serum indices of finishing broiler. The birds were divided into twelve treatment groups of fifteen chicks with three replicate of five chicks each. The diets contained NLM, GM and NLM + GM at four levels of inclusion; Omg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 1500mg/kg. The experiment was arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial layout in a completely randomized design (CRD). The inclusion of NLM, GM and NLM + GM did not significantly (P>0.05) influence haematological parameters. Different levels of inclusion significantly (P<0.05) influenced absolute haematological parameters. (P<0.05) interaction of additives and levels of inclusion were observed in most of the haematological indices studied. NLM+GM at 500mg/kg showed the highest PCV value. Highest Hb and RBC values were observed in birds fed GM at 1500mg/kg. Different levels of inclusion significantly (P<0.05) influenced total protein and albumin levels. Lowest (P<0.05) amounts of total protein (8.88mg/dl) and albumin (2.20mg/dl) were recorded in birds fed 1500mg/kg inclusion levels compared to those birds on Omg/kg inclusion level..Additives and levels of inclusion (P<0.05) affected cholesterol value of finishing broiler birds. There was a reduction in cholesterol (93.38mg/dl) and HDL (52.57mg/dl) values of birds fed GM than these fed NLM + GM. Significant (P<0.05) interactions were observed in alanine aminotransferase (ALI), urea, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) values. It was evident that feeding of the additives at different levels affected the blood picture of the finishing broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) oil in broiler chickens diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Lopez Aguilar ◽  
Kedson Raul de Souza Lima ◽  
Maria Cristina Manno ◽  
Jose Guilherme Soares Maia ◽  
Dario Lisboa Fernandes Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Rosewood oil (RO) on performance, carcass and commercial cut yields and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Five hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chicks were arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six repetitions consisting of 15 broiler chicks each. The treatments were: inclusion levels of 0.00mL (0.00EO); 0.15mL (0.15 EO); 0.30mL (0.30 EO); 0.45mL (0.45 EO) and 0.60mL (0.60 EO) of RO/kg diet and control (commercial promoter virginiamycin). At 21 and 40 days old, no significant differences in body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and viability of birds were observed when comparing the controls with the different levels of inclusion of RO. The carcass yields of commercial cuts were not affected by treatments. The increased level of RO reduced the relative weight of the intestines. The broilers consuming growth promoter had the highest concentration of Escherichia coli in the intestinal contents, compared to 0.00 EO and 0.30 EO. It was concluded that, Rosewood oil does affect the performance and yield slaughter, but it does reduce the relative weight of the intestines. RO does not show a consistent antimicrobial activity in vivo against Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SOIL COMPACTION LEVELS ON COWPEA PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jeisa Cruz da Silva ◽  
Nelci Olszevski ◽  
Janielle Souza Pereira ◽  
Edson Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Physical Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Cowpea, a short-cycle legume with large production in the North and Northeast regions, has its productive potential limited by edaphic characteristics and degradation processes of soil physical quality, such as compaction. This process may interfere with plant development and productivity by restricting root system growth, aeration, water and nutrient availability. The objective of this work was to analyze the interference of different levels of compaction in the soil physical characteristics, root growth, development of the aerial part and productivity of cowpea. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse following a completely randomized design with a control (control) and four levels of soil compaction, with four replications. Each experimental unit was composed of PVC tubes composed of a 0.05-m layer of gravel, cotton fabric and a 0.04-m layer of soil. The different levels of compaction were obtained using a proctor socket and a wooden base. Based on the value of penetration resistance (PR) of 1.00 MPa, soil reached the macroporosity considered as critical theresohold for soil aeration. Results indicate that the higher the PR of the soil, the lower the development of the root system and the aerial part. The productive aspects of cowpea presented better results in plants grown in soils with a level of resistance to penetration close to 0.8 MPa.

THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHYTASE ENZYME ON PERFORMANCE, SOME CARCASS PROPERTIES AND ECONOMICS OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Syada Awad Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Plant origin feeds contain some important nutrients that are not available to poultry due to their inability to analyze them and benefit from them. An experiment was fulfilled to study the performance of broiler chicken using supplemented diets with four levels of phytase enzyme 0.0 FTU/kg feed (T1), 500 FTU/kg feed (T2), 1000 FTU/kg feed (T3) and 1500 FTU/kg feed (T4). A completely randomized design (CRD) using four treatments, with three replicates each with 12 Ross 308 male chicks, was performed. Results indicated significant (P≤0.05) differences in feed intake (FI), body weight (BW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The highest feed consumption was recorded with (T1), where (T4) recorded the highest body weight and best FCR followed by (T3, T2 and T1) respectively. There were significant (P≤0.05) differences in carcasses, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the associated parts weights, and some GIT organs lengths. However, other parts including heads, necks, shanks and abdominal fat weights were non-significantly (P>0.05) different. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in individual sensory evaluation attributes (taste, flavor, color and tenderness), but there were significant differences in overall sensory evaluation. There were no significant differences in the mortality rates among treatments. However, there were significant (P≤0.05) differences in the economics appraisal were (T4) recorded the least cost and the highest revenue. It reveals that using the (1500FTU/kg) level of phytase enzyme had performance parameters and economic appraisal. It could be concluded that supplementing broiler chicken diets with (1500FTU/kg) is good for production performance and returns.

scholarly journals The effects of different levels of protein and silymarin on the population growth and hypopharyngeal gland surface of honey bee workers (Apis mellifera meda)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-358
Author(s):  
Sayed Hossaini ◽  
Mohsen Sari ◽  
Gholamhosein Tahmasbi ◽  
Morteza Chaji
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Different Levels

A pollen substitute is a valuable resource to maintain bee colonies strong and healthy, in the absence of pollen in sufficient quantities in nature. Hence, the current study was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary proteins and silymarin (SM) as a natural antioxidant, on honey bee worker colonies. The study was carried out as a completely randomized design in an experiment conducted using 36 honey bee colonies in a completely randomized design with nine experimental treatments (four levels of crude protein 0, 20, 30 and 40%, two levels of silymarin 0 and 0.2 mM and pure pollen (control)), and four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in autumn 2015. In current study parameters such as workers in sealed broods, newborn workers bee weight, body protein and, the amount of development of Hypopharyngeal gland surface were studied. Soybean meal, maize and wheat gluten were included as pollen substitutes. Based on the results of the pre-experiment, SM supplement at a dose of two-tenths mM improved the survival of bees. Capped broods number using the divided box into squares with 2 ? 2 cm, newborn workers bee weight using the balance, body protein based on the percentage of body weight and development of the Hypopharyngeal gland surface using microscopes and micrometers were measured. The results showed that there was a significant difference between treatments in terms of laying eggs (P <0.05). The highest and lowest rate of workers in sealed broods were related to treatment containing 30% protein and SM (12467 cells) and sucrose treatment (2042 cells), respectively. Also, the highest and lowest newborn workers bee weight were related to pollen treatment and the sucrose treatment, respectively (P <0.05). Body protein of worker bees in studied treatments had significant differences (P <0.05), so that the widest and narrowest percent body protein were observed in a diet containing 30% protein and SM and sucrose treatment, respectively. The Hypopharyngeal gland surface in the colonies fed with different diets was significantly different (P<0.05) and the widest and narrowest of its surface were observed in the diet containing 30% protein and SM and sucrose treatment, respectively. According to the current results, to maximize the reproduction of bees, a diet containing 30% crude protein is proposed.

scholarly journals Silage of Marandu Grass with Levels of Stylo Legume Treated or Not with Microbial Inoculant

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Joao P. S. Rigueira ◽  
Odilon G. Pereira ◽  
Karina G. Ribeiro ◽  
Sebastião De C. V. Filho ◽  
Andréia S. Cezário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Microbial Inoculant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

The chemical composition, fermentation profile, microbial population and dry matter recovery were evaluated in marandu grass silages containing different levels of Stylo legume cv. Campo Grande treated or not with microbial inoculant. A 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (four levels of Stylo legume, with and without microbial inoculant) was used in a completely randomized design with four replications. The levels of Stylo legume used were 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the weight in the natural matter. The marandu grass was harvested at 70 days of regrowth and the Stylo legume at the pre-flowering stage. It was observed the effect of interaction between levels of Stylo legume and microbial inoculant on dry matter content, effluent losses, dry matter recovery and yeast and molds populations. The dry matter content of the silages with and without inoculant increased (P < 0.05) linearly with the addition of Stylo legume. A linear decreasing effect was observed for neutral detergent fiber contents and a linear crescent effect for the crude protein contents of the silages with addition of Stylo legume. The pH values had a quadratic effect with addition of Stylo legume, with a maximum value of 4.16 in the inclusion of 12.25% of Stylo legume. The LAB population increased linearly with an increase in the levels of Stylo legume. The dry matter recovery increased linearly with the addition of Stylo legume, in the silages without inoculant. It is concluded that the consortium of marandu grass with Stylo legume improves the chemical composition, fermentation profile, and decrease the dry matter losses of the silages, regardless of the use of microbial inoculant.

scholarly journals INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES IN THE DUODENAL MUCOSA OF MEAT QUAILS RECEIVING DIETS CONTAINING OR NOT CONTAINING PROBIOTIC AND DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CRUDE PROTEIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Zardo ◽  
Luciana Kazue Otutumi ◽  
Taniara Suelen Mezalira ◽  
Fabiane Antiquera Ferreira ◽  
Igor Eduardo Dias Cestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation associated to different levels of crude protein (CP) on the count of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the duodenum of meat quails. A total of 2304 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme (with and without probiotic and four levels of CP - 15, 20, 25 and 30%), with two replicates per treatment in two experimental periods, in a total of 32 experimental units. At seven days old, two quails from each experimental unit were euthanized to harvest the duodenum segment. Semi-serial 7-μm histological sections were obtained, which were subsequently stained with hematoxylin-eosin to perform the IEL count. For the calculation, first 2500 epithelial cells were counted from the mucosa of each animal, and then the IELs present between these cells were counted, with the results expressed in amounts of IELs/100 epithelial cells. No differences were found in the IEL count among the treatments. Under the experimental conditions, it can be concluded that the use of probiotic associated to different levels of CP supplementation does not alter the IEL count in the duodenum of meat quails.

scholarly journals Trocas gasosas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh sob influência de água salobra

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e06
Author(s):  
Gabriel Zapelini ◽  
Marcio Carlos Navroski ◽  
Mariane De Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Tiago Krischnegg de Andrade ◽  
Karollyne Renata Silva de Paula Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Reduction ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Different Levels

In view of the increasing expansion of the use of wood and non-timber products from the Eucalyptus genus, the identification and impact caused by the salinity of Brazilian soils in the development and growth of the species are of fundamental importance for a better utilization of salinized areas in the country. In order to contribute to the understanding of this problem, the present work evaluated the effect of different levels of salinity (brackish water) on gas exchange in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh plants. The levels analyzed were: 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 µM NaCl. A completely randomized design with 10 replicates (plants) was used, in which the gaseous exchanges were evaluated with the aid of a portable photosynthesis meter (IRGA), determined the values of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), rate transpiration (E), the relation between the intercellular and atmospheric concentration of CO² (Ci / Ca) and water use efficiency (WUE). Initially the seedlings did not undergo physiological changes, showing a certain tolerance of the species to high levels of salinity. Reduction in gas exchanges was only more noticeable after reapplication of the salt (after 7 days). Due to the results obtained, high tolerance of the species to salinity is observed.

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