scholarly journals Water content effect on biofilm formation and bio-corrosion process in biodiesel-diesel storage tank

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2009
Author(s):  
Aida Nur Ramadhani ◽  
Ardiyan Harimawan ◽  
Hary Devianto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Biodegradation Efficiency

This study focused in the effect of water content on biofilm and bio-corrosion, and knowing its influence on biodiesel-diesel blends’ quality. Biodiesel is hygroscopic and less stable, makes this fuel needs more attention in storing. Fuel is usually stored in a storage tank of carbon steel which easily corroded by microorganisms, such as Bacillus megaterium. Corrosion occurs because microorganisms use fuel as nutrients and water content in hygroscopic biodiesel supports to grow and metabolize. Experiments were carried out by immersing carbon steel in medium 30% biodiesel (B30) for 21 days with water content variation of 0%, 5%, and 10% volume. The number of colonies in biofilms increased up to 1,3 times in a 10% water content. A uniform biofilm provides an inhibitory effect on corrosion per time, also layer of iron phosphate formed on water content variation, so the highest 0.642 ± 0.28 mm/year on 0% water content. Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and FeOOH are the corrosion product by Bacillus megaterium. The highest biodegradation efficiency achieved by variation water content both 5% and 10% were 68.5% and 67.23%, and then followed by no water content at 60.40%.  

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus megaterium Biofilm and its Metabolites at Various Concentration Biodiesel on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel Storage Tank

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 5698-5708
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Metabolites Production

Microorganisms in biodiesel storage tanks may generate bio-corrosion due to their hygroscopic and susceptible fuel degradation. The organisms, including Bacillus megaterium present in the hydrocarbons, resulted from the EPS and metabolites processes that subsequently control the corrosion process of the tank. This present study examined the effect of biodiesel concentration on microbial activity through TPC analyzing growth for B. megaterium. Furthermore, this study investigated EPS formation and acid metabolites production by B. megaterium based on SEM observations and acidimetric titration. Meanwhile, this study investigated the microorganism-induced corrosion impact based on gravimetric analysis. The results explained a higher biodiesel concentration in diesel oil promoted an increase in the growth of B. megaterium and the corrosion rate. Conversely, the acid metabolites produced from bacteria under the biofilm did not significantly increase the corrosion rate. Corrosion products resulting from the B. megaterium activity on the surface of the steel included Iron (II, III) oxide (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4). The formation of oxide and pitting may control the strength of the surface tank in the course of biofuel storage, which may lead to the failure of the material.

Biofilm Formation and Bio Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Diesel-Biodiesel Storage Tank

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Aida Nur Ramadhani ◽  
Ardiyan Harimawan ◽  
Hary Devianto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Immersion Medium ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Blended Fuels

Biodiesel is potential to blend with petroleum diesel as an alternative blended fuel. Biodiesel is usually stored in carbon steel storage tank which easily corroded by microorganisms. Microorganisms can use blended fuels as carbon source and water from biodiesel which is hygroscopic for growth and metabolism. Thus, degradation of fuel may occur and lead to biocorrosion by microorganisms such as Bacillus megaterium. This research was conducted to determine the effect of biodiesel concentration of blended fuel on biofilm formation and biocorrosion by Bacillus megaterium. The experiments were carried out by immersing carbon steel specimens in immersion medium for 21 days with variation of biodiesel concentration (B0, B20, B30, and B100). Biofilms that form on the metal surface cause areas with non-uniform oxygen concentrations and form anodic/cathodic conditions, raised to potential differences and biocorrosion occurred. The average corrosion rates were 0,035 ± 0,03; 0,533 ± 0,33; 0,642 ± 0,28; 0,109 ± 0,04 mm/year achieved by B0, B20, B30 and B100 respectively. These rates increased when compared to the control medium. Microorganism activity also caused damage to the metal surface by forming pitting corrosion on B30 and B100.

scholarly journals Myricetin as an Antivirulence Compound Interfering with a Morphological Transformation into Coccoid Forms and Potentiating Activity of Antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2695
Author(s):  
Paweł Krzyżek ◽  
Paweł Migdał ◽  
Emil Paluch ◽  
Magdalena Karwańska ◽  
Alina Wieliczko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori, a gastric pathogen associated with a broad range of stomach diseases, has a high tendency to become resistant to antibiotics. One of the most important factors related to therapeutic failures is its ability to change from a spiral to a coccoid form. Therefore, the main aim of our original article was to determine the influence of myricetin, a natural compound with an antivirulence action, on the morphological transformation of H. pylori and check the potential of myricetin to increase the activity of antibiotics against this pathogen. We observed that sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of this compound have the ability to slow down the process of transformation into coccoid forms and reduce biofilm formation of this bacterium. Using checkerboard assays, we noticed that the exposure of H. pylori to sub-MICs of myricetin enabled a 4–16-fold reduction in MICs of all classically used antibiotics (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, metronidazole, and levofloxacin). Additionally, RT-qPCR studies of genes related to the H. pylori morphogenesis showed a decrease in their expression during exposure to myricetin. This inhibitory effect was more strongly seen for genes involved in the muropeptide monomers shortening (csd3, csd6, csd4, and amiA), suggesting their significant participation in the spiral-to-coccoid transition. To our knowledge, this is the first research showing the ability of any compound to synergistically interact with all five antibiotics against H. pylori and the first one showing the capacity of a natural substance to interfere with the morphological transition of H. pylori from spiral to coccoid forms.

scholarly journals Methodology: non-invasive monitoring system based on standing wave ratio for detecting water content variations in plants

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjeong Yang ◽  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Hak Jin Song ◽  
Eun Bin Lee ◽  
Yong-Keun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Stem Water

Abstract Background Water content variation during plant growth is one of the most important monitoring parameters in plant studies. Conventional parameters (such as dry weight) are unreliable; thus, the development of rapid, accurate methods that will allow the monitoring of water content variation in live plants is necessary. In this study, we aimed to develop a non-invasive, radiofrequency-based monitoring system to rapidly and accurately detect water content variation in live plants. The changes in standing wave ratio (SWR) caused by the presence of stem water and magnetic particles in the stem water flow were used as the basis of plant monitoring systems. Results The SWR of a coil probe was used to develop a non-invasive monitoring system to detect water content variation in live plants. When water was added to the live experimental plants with or without illumination under drought conditions, noticeable SWR changes at various frequencies were observed. When a fixed frequency (1.611 GHz) was applied to a single experimental plant (Radermachera sinica), a more comprehensive monitoring, such as water content variation within the plant and the effect of illumination on water content, was achieved. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the SWR of a coil probe could be used as a real-time, non-invasive, non-destructive parameter for detecting water content variation and practical vital activity in live plants. Our non-invasive monitoring method based on SWR may also be applied to various plant studies.

Evaluation of antibacterial, teratogenicity and antibiofilm effect of sulfated chitosans extracted from marine waste against microorganism

2021 ◽  
pp. 088391152110142
Author(s):  
Velu Gomathy ◽  
Venkatesan Manigandan ◽  
Narasimman Vignesh ◽  
Aavula Thabitha ◽  
Ramachandran Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Ft Ir

Biofilms play a key role in infectious diseases, as they may form on the surface and persist after treatment with various antimicrobial agents. The Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli most frequently associated with medical devices. Chitosan sulphate from marine litter (SCH-MW) was extracted and the mineral components were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The degree of deacetylation (DA) of SCH was predicted 50% and 33.3% in crab and shrimp waste respectively. The elucidation of the structure of the SCH-MW was portrayed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular mass of SCH-MW was determined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). The teratogenicity of SCH-MW was characterized by the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model. Antimicrobial activity of SCH-MW was tested with the agar well diffusion method; the inhibitory effect of SCH-MW on biofilm formation was assessed in 96 flat well polystyrene plates. The result revealed that a low concentration of crab-sulfated chitosan inhibited bacterial growth and significantly reduced the anti-biofilm activity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria relatively to shrimp. It is potentially against the biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Thermal Sensor System for Quantifying the Inhibitory Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Tobias Wieland ◽  
Julia Assmann ◽  
Astrid Bethe ◽  
Christian Fidelak ◽  
Helena Gmoser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Thermal Sensor ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Static Conditions

The increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic bacteria is a global threat to human and veterinary medicine. Beyond antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) might be an alternative to inhibit the growth of bacteria, including AMR pathogens, on different surfaces. Biofilm formation, which starts out as bacterial adhesion, poses additional challenges for antibiotics targeting bacterial cells. The objective of this study was to establish a real-time method for the monitoring of the inhibition of (a) bacterial adhesion to a defined substrate and (b) biofilm formation by AMPs using an innovative thermal sensor. We provide evidence that the thermal sensor enables continuous monitoring of the effect of two potent AMPs, protamine and OH-CATH-30, on surface colonization of bovine mastitis-associated Escherichia (E.) coli and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. The bacteria were grown under static conditions on the surface of the sensor membrane, on which temperature oscillations generated by a heater structure were detected by an amorphous germanium thermistor. Bacterial adhesion, which was confirmed by white light interferometry, caused a detectable amplitude change and phase shift. To our knowledge, the thermal measurement system has never been used to assess the effect of AMPs on bacterial adhesion in real time before. The system could be used to screen and evaluate bacterial adhesion inhibition of both known and novel AMPs.

scholarly journals Determination of Constraint-Modified J-R Curves for Carbon Steel Storage Tanks

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-S. Lam ◽  
Y. J. Chao ◽  
X.-K. Zhu ◽  
Y. Kim ◽  
R. L. Sindelar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Fracture Parameter ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Crack Tip Constraint ◽  
Senb Specimen

Mechanical testing of A285 carbon steel, a storage tank material, was performed to develop fracture properties based on the constraint theory of fracture mechanics. A series of single edge-notched bend (SENB) specimen designs with various levels of crack tip constraint were used. The variation of crack tip constraint was achieved by changing the ratio of the initial crack length to the specimen depth. The test data show that the J-R curves are specimen-design-dependent, which is known as the constraint effect. A two-parameter fracture methodology is adopted to construct a constraint-modified J-R curve, which is a function of the constraint parameter, A2, while J remains the loading parameter. This additional fracture parameter is derived from a closed form solution and can be extracted from the finite element analysis for a specific crack configuration. Using this set of SENB test data, a mathematical expression representing a family of the J-R curves for A285 carbon steel can be developed. It is shown that the predicted J-R curves match well with the SENB data over an extensive amount of crack growth. In addition, this expression is used to predict the J-R curve of a compact tension specimen (CT), and reasonable agreement to the actual test data is achieved. To demonstrate its application in a flaw stability evaluation, a generic A285 storage tank with a postulated axial flaw is used. For a flaw length of 10% of the tank height, the predicted J-R curve is found to be similar to that for a SENB specimen with a short notch, which is in a state of low constraint. This implies that the use of a J-R curve from the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standard designs, which typically are high constraint specimens, may be overly conservative for analysis of fracture resistance of large structures.

Evaluation of the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy with different protein concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucong Ma ◽  
Mohd Talha ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Zhonghui Li ◽  
Yuanhua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Atomic Force

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study systematically the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy with different concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 5.0 g/L). Design/methodology/approach Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potential dynamic polarization tests were performed to obtain corrosion parameters. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to analyze the local electrochemical activity of the surface film. Atomic force microscope (AFM), Scanning electron microscope-Energy dispersive spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the surface morphology and chemical composition of the surface film. Findings Experimental results showed the presence of BSA in a certain concentration range (0 to 2.0 g/L) has a greater inhibitory effect on the corrosion of AZ31, however, the presence of high-concentration BSA (5.0 g/L) would sharply reduce the corrosion resistance. Originality/value When the concentration of BSA is less than 2.0 g/L, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 enhances with the concentration. The adsorption BSA layer will come into being a physical barrier to inhibit the corrosion process. However, high-concentration BSA (5.0 g/L) will chelate with dissolved metal ions (such as Mg and Ni) to form soluble complexes, which increases the roughness of the surface and accelerates the corrosion process.

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