scholarly journals Seismic and blast loading performance of a gypsum panelled prefabricated building

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Gayathri G ◽  
K M Mini ◽  
Sruthy S
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Blast Loading ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
Prefabricated Building

Urge for modern technologies and limited space leads to the idea of light weight building technology that can resist major loading condi- tions and can even be used in lands with very poor soil profile. For proper understanding of the structural response, building needs to be evaluated for natural hazards like seismic and manmade calamities like blast loading along with the normal forces acting on the structure. Whole building and structural components are also to be evaluated to study the progressive collapse of the building. This paper includes the study of static, seismic and blast loading effects on a conventional and a prefabricated building. The structural components and con- nections are also evaluated to forecast the strength of a prefabricated building using FE method. Gypsum wall panel incorporated with glass fibres and casted with cavities, as hollow and filled, are used as building panel. This study is useful in suggesting an innovative technology which is light in weight and cost effective with composite structural components. 

Single-Degree-of-Freedom Based Pressure-Impulse Diagrams for Blast Damage Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Imam Syed ◽  
Mohd Shahir Liew ◽  
Muhammad Hasibul Hasan ◽  
Srikanth Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Blast Loading ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Negative Phase ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Pressure Impulse ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
Structural Resistance

Pressure-impulse (P-I) diagrams, which relates damage with both impulse and pressure, are widely used in the design and damage assessment of structural elements under blast loading. Among many methods of deriving P-I diagrams, single degree of freedom (SDOF) models are widely used to develop P-I diagrams for damage assessment of structural members exposed to blast loading. The popularity of the SDOF method in structural response calculation in its simplicity and cost-effective approach that requires limited input data and less computational effort. The SDOF model gives reasonably good results if the response mode shape is representative of the real behaviour. Pressure-impulse diagrams based on SDOF models are derived based on idealised structural resistance functions and the effect of few of the parameters related to structural response and blast loading are ignored. Effects of idealisation of resistance function, inclusion of damping and load rise time on P-I diagrams constructed from SDOF models have been investigated in this study. In idealisation of load, the negative phase of the blast pressure pulse is ignored in SDOF analysis. The effect of this simplification has also been explored. Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) codes were developed for response calculation of the SDOF system and for repeated analyses of the SDOF models to construct the P-I diagrams. Resistance functions were found to have significant effect on the P-I diagrams were observed. Inclusion of negative phase was found to have notable impact of the shape of P-I diagrams in the dynamic zone.

An Introduction to the Impact Behaviour of Polymer Composites Using Simplified Beam Models

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. W. Mines
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structural Case ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The paper describes a final-year undergraduate course that has been taught at the University of Liverpool for the past three years. The main aims of the course are to introduce the student to the design of structures using multi-component (composite) materials and to the performance of such structures under impact loading. Given the complexity of generalized composite behaviour and of structural crashworthiness, a simple structural case is considered, namely, a beam subject to three-point bending. A feature of the course is that not only is linear structural response considered but also non-linear (progressive) structural collapse is covered. The course is split into four parts, namely: (i) analysis of composite laminae, (ii) analysis of laminated beams, (iii) local and global effects in sandwich beams, and (iv) post-failure and progressive collapse of sandwich beams. Static and impact loadings are considered. Comments are made on how the theories are simplified and communicated to the undergraduate students.

An Experimental Study of Compatibility for Metallic Inserts Bonded into CFRP Laminates Soaked in Aircraft Fuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 1095 ◽  
pp. 518-522
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Chen ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Feng Tao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Interference Fit ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Breakaway Torque ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Push Out

CFRP laminates are used for various aircraft structural components because of their good mechanical and physical properties. Metallic inserts are one kind of aerospace fasteners, which are usually installed in the metallic components by an interference fit. However, when metallic inserts are installed in the CFRP laminates by the traditional installing way, delamination and low efficiencies are troublesome. Therefore, excellent quality and cost effective installing metallic inserts into the CFRP laminates remains a challenge. In this paper, a series of experiments were carried out to study the compatibility for metallic inserts bonded into the CFRP laminates soaked in the aircraft fuel. The experimental results show that the push-out values and breakaway torque values of metallic inserts bonded in the CFRP laminates soaked in the fuel are not reduced compared with these values of sample was not prepared in that way.

scholarly journals Automated Quality Assessment of Crops Using CNN - Keras

2021 ◽  
pp. 641-645
Author(s):  
Meghashree ◽  
Alwyn Edison Mendonca ◽  
Ashika S Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Image Classification ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Plant Leaf

Plant disease is an on-going challenge for the farmers and it has been one of the major threats to the income and the food security. This project is used to classify plant leaf into diseased and healthy leaf,to improve the quality and quantity of agricultural production in the country. The innovative technology that helps in improve the quality and quantity in the agricultural field is the smart farming system. It represented the modern method that provides cost-effective disease detection and deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has achieved large successfulness in the categorisation of different plant leaf diseases. CNN reads a really very larger picture in a simple way. CNN nearly utilised to examine visual imagery and are frequently working behind the scenes in image classification. To extract the general features and then classify them under multiple based upon the features detected. This project will help the farmers financially in increasing the production of the crop yield as well as the overall agricultural production. The paper reviews the expected methods of plant leaf disease detection system that facilitates the advancement in agriculture. It includes various phases such as image preprocessing, image classification, feature extraction and detecting healthy or diseased.

Creative Design-by-Analysis Solutions Applied to High-Temperature Components

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
A. K. Dhalla
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
High Temperature Components ◽  
Elevated Temperature Design

Elevated temperature design has evolved over the last two decades from design-by-formula philosophy of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sections I and VIII (Division 1), to the design-by-analysis philosophy of Section III, Code Case N-47. The benefits of design-by-analysis procedures, which were developed under a US-DOE-sponsored high-temperature structural design (HTSD) program, are illustrated in the paper through five design examples taken from two U.S. liquid metal reactor (LMR) plants. Emphasis in the paper is placed upon the use of a detailed, nonlinear finite element analysis method to understand the structural response and to suggest design optimization so as to comply with Code Case N-47 criteria. A detailed analysis is cost-effective, if selectively used, to qualify an LMR component for service when long-lead-time structural forgings, procured based upon simplified preliminary analysis, do not meet the design criteria, or the operational loads are increased after the components have been fabricated. In the future, the overall costs of a detailed analysis will be reduced even further with the availability of finite element software used on workstations or PCs.

New Stacked Die Interconnect Technology for High-Performance and Low-Cost FPGA

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Woon-Seong Kwon ◽  
Suresh Ramalingam ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
Liam Madden ◽  
C. Y. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Rule ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Interconnect Technology

This article introduces the first comprehensive demonstration of new innovative technology comprising multiple key technologies for highly cost-effective and high-performance Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA), which is so-called stack silicon-less interconnect technology (SLIT) that provides the equivalent high-bandwidth connectivity and routing design-rule as stack silicon interconnect (SSI) technology at a cost-effective manner. We have successfully demonstrated the overall process integration and functions of our new SLIT-employed package using Virtex®-7 2000T FPGA product with chip-to-wafer stacking, wafer-level flux cleaning, microbump underfilling, mold encapsulation, and backside silicon removal. Of all technology elements, both full silicon removal process with faster etching and no dielectric layer damage and wafer warpage management after full silicon etching are most crucial elements to realize the SLIT technology. To manage the wafer warpage after full Si removal, a couple of knobs are identified and used such as top reinforcement layer, microbump underfill properties tuning, die thickness, die-to-die space, and total thickness adjustments. It is also discussed in the article how the wafer warpage behaves and how the wafer warpage is managed. New SLIT module shows excellent warpage characteristics of only −30 μm ∼ −40 μm at room temperature (25°C) for 25 mm × 31 mm in size and +20 μm ∼ +25 μm at reflow temperature (250°C). Thermal simulation results shows that thermal resistance of new SLIT package is almost comparable to that of standard 2000T flip-chip ball grid array (FC-BGA) package using through silicon via interposer with standard heat sink configuration and air wind condition. The reliability assessment is now under the study.

scholarly journals Progressive Collapse Assessment: A review of the current energy-based Alternate Load Path (ALP) method

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 02012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ezzaryn Asnawi Subki ◽  
Hazrina Mansor ◽  
Yazmin Sahol Hamid ◽  
Gerard Parke
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
Collapse Mechanism ◽  
Load Path ◽  
Acceptance Criterion ◽  
Current Energy ◽  
Collapse Assessment

The Alternate Load Path (ALP) is a useful method that has generated a considerable recent research interest for the assessment of progressive collapse. The outcome of the ALP analysis can be assessed either using the force-based approach or the energy-based approach. The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC- 4- 023-03) of progressive collapse guideline - have outlined that the force-based approach can either be analysed using static or dynamic analysis. The force-based approach using static analysis is preferable as it does not require a high level of skill and experience to operate the software plus no effort is required in scrutinising the validity of the analysis results output. However, utilising the static approach will eliminate the inertial effect in capturing the actual dynamic response of the collapsed structure. In recent years, the development of the energy-based progressive collapse assessment is attracting widespread interest from researchers in the field; as the approach can produce a similar structural response with the force-based dynamic analysis by only using static analysis. Most of the current energy-based progressive collapse assessments are developed following the requirements which are given in the progressive collapse guidelines provided by the Unified Facilities Criteria. However, little attention is given to the development of the energy-based approach using the Eurocode standards as a base guideline. This article highlights the merits of utilising the energy-based approach against the force-based approach for a collapsed structure and explains the collapse mechanism of a steel frame in the perspective of the energy concept. The state of the art of energy-based progressive collapse assessment for a structural steel frame is reviewed. The comprehensive review will include insights on the development of the energy-based method, assumptions, limitations, acceptance criterion and its applicability with the European standards. Finally, potential research gaps are discussed herein.

Response of a tank under blast loading – part II: experimental structural response and simplified analytical approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Duong ◽  
J.L. Hanus ◽  
L. Bouazaoui ◽  
X. Régal ◽  
G. Prod'homme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Blast Loading
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