scholarly journals In vitro pharmacological attributes and metabolite’s fingerprinting of Conocarpus lancifolius

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-671
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza ◽  
◽  
Maqsood Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz ◽  
Sadia Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ethanolic Extraction ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Search for safe antioxidants and novel nutraceuticals urged to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholine esterase and anti-lipoxygenase activity of various leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius. Extraction was optimized from freeze dried plant extracts quenched with liquid nitrogen using water, ethanol, methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform. Maximum extract yield, total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents were obtained in case of ethanolic extraction. The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging in terms of IC50 value of 55.26 µg/mL was observed for ethanolic leaf extract. The acetylcholine esterase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities (IC50) were also observed for ethanolic extract. These findings for ethanolic extract were statistically significant when compared with other extracts (ρ<0.05). The haemolytic % values indicated that all extracts were associated with very low or negligible toxicity. The epicatechin, isorhamnetin, rutin, scopoleptin, skimmianine, quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, cornoside, creatinine, choline, pyruvic acid, α-hydroxybutyric acid, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin were identified as major functional metabolites in ethanolic leaf extract of C. lancifolius by 1H-NMR. The identified metabolites were probably responsible for the pharmacological properties of C. lancifolius. The findings may be utilized as pharmacological leads for drug development and food fortification.

scholarly journals Accelerated Solvent Extractions (ASE) of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (Kratom) Leaves: Evaluation of Its Cytotoxicity and Antinociceptive Activity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3704
Author(s):  
Yong Sean Goh ◽  
Thiruventhan Karunakaran ◽  
Vikneswaran Murugaiyah ◽  
Rameshkumar Santhanam ◽  
Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Mitragyna Speciosa ◽  
Botanical Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Mitragyna speciosa Korth (kratom) is known for its psychoactive and analgesic properties. Mitragynine is the primary constituent present in kratom leaves. This study highlights the utilisation of the green accelerated solvent extraction technique to produce a better, non-toxic and antinociceptive active botanical extract of kratom. ASE M. speciosa extract had a dry yield (0.53–2.91 g) and showed a constant mitragynine content (6.53–7.19%) when extracted with organic solvents of different polarities. It only requires a shorter extraction time (5 min) and a reduced amount of solvents (less than 100 mL). A substantial amount of total phenolic (407.83 ± 2.50 GAE mg/g and flavonoids (194.00 ± 5.00 QE mg/g) were found in ASE kratom ethanol extract. The MTT test indicated that the ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract is non-cytotoxic towards HEK-293 and HeLa Chang liver cells. In mice, ASE kratom ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) demonstrated a better antinociceptive effect compared to methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts. The presence of bioactive indole alkaloids and flavonols such as mitragynine, paynantheine, quercetin, and rutin in ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract was detected using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis supports its antinociceptive properties. ASE ethanolic leaf extract offers a better, safe, and cost-effective choice of test botanical extract for further preclinical studies.

scholarly journals In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Hibiscus Asper Hook. F. and Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. on some Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Joseph Olowo Arogbodo ◽  
Oyetayo Bolanle Faluyi ◽  
Festus Omotere Igbe
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Purpose: The study aims to assess the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Hibiscus asper and Hibiscus sabdariffa against eight bacterial isolates. Materials and Methods:  An in vitro Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of the two plants against eight nosocomical and pathogenic bacteria viz; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Proteus vulgaris (PVU), Klebsiella aerogenes (KAE), Staphylococcus aureus (SAU), Bacillus cereus (BCE), Escherichia coli (ECO), Moraxella catarrhalis (MCA) and Salmonella typhi (STY) was carried out using agar well diffusion assay with the concentration range of 3.13 – 100 mg/mL. Results: H. asper and H. sabdariffa showed significant difference (p< 0.05) in antimicrobial activity against BCE over the rest of the isolates. Inhibition zone diameters exhibited by the isolates to ethanolic leaf extract of H. asper was in descending order of BCE (15.00 ± 1.00a) >ECO (11.67 ± 0.58b) >SAU (7.67 ± 0.58c) >PAE (6.67 ± 0.58d) >STY (5.67 ± 0.58e) while that of H. sabdariffa was in the order BCE (15.33 ± 1.15a) > MCA (11.33 ± 1.15b) > SAU (11.00 ± 1.00bc) > KAE (9.67 ± 0.58c) > PAE (8.00 ± 1.00d) >PVU (7.67 ± 0.57e). PVU, KAE and MCA were resistant to the extract of H. asper while only STY was resistant to that of H. sabdariffa. Conclusion: H. sabdariffa extract demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity against the selected bacterial isolates than H. asper. However, the two extracts minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) ranged from 25 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. This is worthy of further exploration by pharmacological industries in the formulation of potent broad spectrum antibiotics for combating the present health challenge due to antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Garcinia Mangostana Leaf Extracts from Ivory Coast Possess Remarkable Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxicological Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-578
Author(s):  
Inès Christelle Chadon Alphonsine Assemian ◽  
Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽  
Nadia Dakka ◽  
Youssef Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Garcinia mangostana L. is medicinal plant. Its fruit, the mangosteen contains many bioactive xanthones. This study investigates the potential of organic leaf extracts of G. mangostana grown in Ivory Coast. We tested two organic leaf extracts: G. mangostana aqueous ethanolic leaf extract (ethanol: water, 80:20 v/v) (GMLE) and dichloromethane leaf extract (GMLD). We measured total phenolic and total Flavonoids. We analysed the in vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-radical and anti-proliferative activities of leaf extracts. Ethanol leaf extract showed a considerable amount of phenolic content (328.78±34.32 mg GAE/g) and moderate flavonoids content (43.60±1.48 mg QE/g), Dichloromethane extract had low values of phenolic (70.31±4.55 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (8.49±0.69 mg QE/g). However, GMLD extract gave a significant anti-inflammatory activity (IC50=152.79±3.34 µg/mL), comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium (IC50=142.30±1.22 µg/mL), contrary to GMLE extract (IC50=652.33±12.23 µg/mL). The radical scavenging assay showed a very significant ability of ethanol leaf extract to reduce the DPPH radical (IC50=33.40±0.67 µg/mL) compared to references molecules such as Trolox (IC50=43.72±0.31 µg/mL) and acid ascorbic (IC50=27.20±0.17 µg/mL), dichloromethane extract results showed lowest activity (IC50 = 580.00±23.03 µg/mL). All the organic leaf extracts of G. mangostana had moderate anti-proliferative activity on L20B, RD and VS cell lines studied with IC50 values ranging from 110.89 ±4.82 µg/mL to 860.60±25.78 µg/mL). Our results prove the high potential of the G. mangostana leave extracts as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress drugs. However, further studies are to determine and validate all the medicinal properties of G. mangostana leaves extracts.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS IN ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF IN VITRO AND FIELD GROWN WITHANIA SOMNIFERA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhjot Singh Jassal ◽  
Gagandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
In Vitro Plant ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was planned to compare antioxidant activity in vitro and field grown Withania somnifera was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) assays. Medicinal plants are a major source of phytochemicals used for the treatments ofhuman diseases. W. somnifera has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.Methods: Antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents in W. somnifera were determined spectrophotometrically.Results: The results of antioxidant activity of field grown ethanolic leaf extract of W. somnifera showed maximum inhibition of 72.08% and 77.85%in DPPH (50 µg/ml) and NO (100 µg/ml) scavenging assays, respectively. Field grown ethanolic leaf extract of W. somnifera showed maximumconcentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids, as active phytochemicals, determined spectrophotometrically, which were found as676.5 µg/ml, 557.5 µg/ml, and 469 µg/ml, respectively, as compared to in vitro plant extracts.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of field grown ethanolic leaf extract of W. somnifera werefound to be comparatively higher than in vitro plant extracts. Leaf extracts of W. somnifera are a potential source of antioxidants and could preventmany free radical-related diseases.Keywords: Carotenoids content, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay, Flavonoids content, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Phenoliccontent.

scholarly journals Combination of Molecular Networking and LC-MS/MS Profiling in Investigating the Interrelationships between the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Curculigo latifolia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Nadiah Mad Nasir ◽  
Nur Syafiqah Ezam Shah ◽  
Nurul Zulaikha Zainal ◽  
Nur Kartinee Kassim ◽  
Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Β Carotene

Curculigo is a potent plant with a variety of traditional uses, such as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, and wound-healing. The comprehensive profiling of the Curculigolatifolia metabolome was carried out by generating a molecular network (MN) from Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data to profile the methanol extract and correlating them with their antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), total phenolic contents (TPC), and β-carotene) and antimicrobial (disk-diffusion agar method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)) properties. The antioxidant capacity was observed to be significantly higher in the rhizome crude extract, with 18.10 ± 0.91 µg/mL DPPH activity, and a β-carotene bleaching result of 35.20%. For the antimicrobial activity, the leaf crude extract exhibited a strong Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella choleraesuis (8–15 ± 3.0 mm) inhibition in the disk-diffusion agar. The leaf extract also exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC = ±0.25 mg/mL, MBC = ±0.25 mg/mL) and S. choleraesuis (MIC = ±0.25 mg/mL, MBC = ±0.25 mg/mL). LC-MS/MS analysis and MN revealed norlignans and phenolic glycosides as major metabolites in the rhizome and leaf extracts of the negative mode (M − H)−. Fourteen known compounds were identified, and three unknown compounds were putatively identified in the rhizome extract, while ten known compounds and six unknown compounds were putatively identified in the leaf extract.

scholarly journals Characterization and use of Mangifera indica L. seeds from four varieties

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5264-5280
Author(s):  
Paula X. Villanueva ◽  
Yalile C. Ávila ◽  
Lina R. Dávila ◽  
John J. Méndez ◽  
Walter Murillo Arango
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Phenolic Contents

Chemical compositions (fatty acids, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids) and the in-vitro biological activities (antioxidant and antimicrobial activity; and growth induction of edible fungal strains) were compared for four varieties of mango seeds. Hexanic extract (HE) showed a fatty acid profile with a higher proportion of oleic acid. In the ethanolic extract were found variable total phenolic contents (103 to 125 mg GAE/g dry weight) and flavonoid contents (0.72 to 0.8 mg QE/g dry weight). This study reports for the first time the presence of procyanidin B1 in ethanolic extracts. The antioxidant activity showed IC50 values ranging from 3.09 to 3.42 μg/mL for ABTS•+ and 12.17 to 13.93 μg/mL for DPPH•. The ethanolic extract from the seed of the Yulima variety showed the highest percentages of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Residues removed from ethanolic extraction of the seed kernel (EKR) induced the growth of edible fungal strains: Lentinus crinitus and Pleurotus tubarius. The data obtained show the potential of the seeds from these mango varieties, which could lead to alternative uses in various industry sectors and the use of this agricultural byproduct.

scholarly journals AN IN VITRO STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND RADICAL SCAVENGING EFFECT OF SPINACIA OLERACEA LEAF EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Mrinalini C Damle ◽  
Shivani K Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Spinacia oleracea (SO).Methods: The leaves of SO were shade dried, and the extract was prepared using solvent ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaf extract of the plant. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids were estimated using Folin- Ciocalteu’s and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Antioxidant activities were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, hydrogen radical, lipid peroxidation, and phosphomolybdenum radical scavenging assays.Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides. As SO is a rich source of different bioactive component, it contains a considerable amount of flavonoids and phenols. The different antioxidant assays proved that spinach is one of the best antioxidants with its ability to scavenge different radicals that generate oxidative stress.Conclusion: The observed activity may be associated with bioactive components such as phenols and flavonoids present in the leaf extracts and could have greater importance as nootropic plant in oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and dementia.

Phenolic Antioxidants of Auricularia Species and Their Inhibitory Effects on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase and Acetylcholine Esterase Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Si Feng-Ling ◽  
Duan Shu-li ◽  
Wang Xiao ◽  
Wang Lin-Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Auricularia is the genus of an edible jelly fungus known for its high nutritional value and good taste. In this study, the phenolic contents and in vitro bioactivities of four Auricularia species were investigated. The total phenolic contents ranged from 3.5 to 20.1 μmol gallic acid equivalents/g. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin were the predominant phenolic acids present in the soluble fractions of the four species of Auricularia. Particularly, we identified gallic acid and rutin in A. cornea, gallic acid in A. heimuer and selenium-rich A. cornea var. Li, and chlorogenic acid in A. cornea var. Li. In addition, selenium-rich A. cornea var. Li. showed antioxidant properties including inhibitory activity against ABTS, free radical scavenging capacity and lipid peroxidation resistance. The selenium-rich A. cornea var. Li showed superior inhibitory activities toward α-amylase and acetylcholine esterase (IC50 311.7 and 388.6 μg/mL, respectively) compared to other three Auricularia cultivars. The A. cornea var. Li (IC50, 271.4 μg/mL) displayed strong inhibition towards α-glucosidase. The results suggest that a submerged culture of Auricula is an effective method to produce total phenolics which could potentially be used as a natural antioxidant in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and anticancer activity of leaf extracts of Physalis minima

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
H. N. Krishna Kumar ◽  
Jyoti Bala Chauh
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Hep2 Cell

Physalis minima a medicinally important plant of the family Solanaceae has been screened for its anticancer activity. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars and terpenoids. Determination of total phenolic contents revealed that methanolic extract showed 78.3 mg/g of phenolic compounds. Evaluation of total flavonoid content showed 61.3 mg/g of flavonoid. It was found that the % viability of HeLa cell line & Hep2 cell line are 80% & 71.8% respectively. The percentage of growth inhibition of methanolic extract in SRB assay was found to be increase with increasing concentration against both HeLa and Hep2cell lines (68 and 58% respectively). The methanolic extract showed the strongest growth inhibitory effect on both HeLa and Hep2 cell lines (85 and 73% respectively) in MTT assay. Flavonoids have been isolated and purified from the methanolic leaf extract.

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