scholarly journals Tyrosine Supplementation A Nutraceutical Approach to Counter Heat Stress Induced Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Krishna Kishore ◽  
Koushik Ray ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
J.P. Anand ◽  
Lalan Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Plasma And Urine Samples ◽  
Group Reaction ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Plasma Tyrosine

Supplementation of tyrosine, non-essential amino acid, and precursor of catecholamine was found to ameliorate the heat-induced alterations in latencies of event-related potential P300 and contingent negative variation. Here we present the effect of tyrosine supplementation on heat stress (exposure to ambient temperature 45 oC and relative humidity 30 %) induced alterations in behavior (attention, mood) and levels of plasma monoamines. Ten healthy male participants received a placebo food bar or tyrosine-containing food bar (6.5 g in 50 g) 90 min before heat stress exposure of 90 min. Plasma and urine samples were assayed for catecholamine levels, their precursor, and metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography. A computer-based automated test battery was used to assess attention and mood by profile of mood states questionnaire. A significantly higher plasma tyrosine (p<0.001) leading to an increased norepinephrine (p<0.05) levels in the tyrosine supplemented group was observed. Selective (p<0.001) and sustained attention (p<0.02) in the tyrosine group were significantly better compared to the placebo group. Reaction time and anger scores decreased (p<0.001) with tyrosine supplementation. It may be concluded that tyrosine supplementation improves heat stress-induced decrement in attention by maintaining the synthesis and turnover of norepinephrine.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Amprenavir and Rifabutin or Rifampin in Healthy Males

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Polk ◽  
Donald F. Brophy ◽  
Debra S. Israel ◽  
Roberto Patron ◽  
Brian M. Sadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interaction ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Plasma And Urine Samples ◽  
Erythromycin Breath Test ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Healthy Males

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine if there is a pharmacokinetic interaction when amprenavir is given with rifabutin or rifampin and to determine the effects of these drugs on the erythromycin breath test (ERMBT). Twenty-four healthy male subjects were randomized to one of two cohorts. All subjects received amprenavir (1,200 mg twice a day) for 4 days, followed by a 7-day washout period, followed by either rifabutin (300 mg once a day [QD]) (cohort 1) or rifampin (600 mg QD) (cohort 2) for 14 days. Cohort 1 then received amprenavir plus rifabutin for 10 days, and cohort 2 received amprenavir plus rifampin for 4 days. Serial plasma and urine samples for measurement of amprenavir, rifabutin, and rifampin and their 25-O-desacetyl metabolites, were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Rifabutin did not significantly affect amprenavir's pharmacokinetics. Amprenavir significantly increased the area under the curve at steady state (AUCss) of rifabutin by 2.93-fold and the AUCss of 25-O-desacetylrifabutin by 13.3-fold. Rifampin significantly decreased the AUCss of amprenavir by 82%, but amprenavir had no effect on rifampin pharmacokinetics. Amprenavir decreased the results of the ERMBT by 83%. The results of the ERMBT after 2 weeks of rifabutin and rifampin therapy were increased 187 and 156%, respectively. Amprenavir plus rifampin was well tolerated. Amprenavir plus rifabutin was poorly tolerated, and 5 of 11 subjects discontinued therapy. Rifampin markedly increases the metabolic clearance of amprenavir, and coadministration is contraindicated. Amprenavir significantly decreases clearance of rifabutin and 25-O-desacetylrifabutin, and the combination is poorly tolerated. Amprenavir inhibits the ERMBT, and rifampin and rifabutin are equipotent inducers of the ERMBT.

Tracking-Task Performance during Heat Stress Simulating Cockpit Conditions in High-Performance Aircraft

Ergonomics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH A. NUNNELEY ◽  
PATRICK J. DOWD ◽  
LOREN G. MYHRE ◽  
RICHARD F. STRIBLEY ◽  
RICHARD C. MCNEE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
High Performance Aircraft

scholarly journals 235 Effects of rapamycin during an acute heat stress exposure in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Edith J Mayorga ◽  
Erin A Horst ◽  
Brady M Goetz ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Megan A Abeyta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives were to determine the effects of rapamycin on biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation during acute heat stress (HS) in growing pigs. Crossbred barrows (n=32; 63.5±0.8 BW) where blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 therapeutic-environmental treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) control (n=8; TNCtl), 2) TN and rapamycin (n=8; TNRapa), 3) HS control (n=8; HSCtl), or 4) HS and rapamycin (n=8; HSRapa). The trial consisted of 2 experimental periods (P). During P1 (10d), pigs were fed ad libitum and housed in TN conditions (21.3±0.01°C). During P2 (24h), HSCtl and HSRapa pigs were exposed to constant HS (35.5±0.1°C); while TNCtl and TNRapa remained in TN conditions. Rapamycin (0.15 mg/kg BW) was orally administered twice daily (0700 and 1800 h) during P1 and P2. HS increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate compared to TN counterparts (1.28°C, 8.68°C, and 87 bpm, respectively; P&lt; 0.01). Feed intake (FI) markedly decreased in HS relative to TN treatments (64%; P&lt; 0.01). Additionally, pigs exposed to HS lost BW (4 kg; P&lt; 0.01), while TN pigs gained BW (0.7 kg; P&lt; 0.01). Overall, circulating white blood cells decreased in HS compared to TN pigs (19%; P=0.01). Circulating neutrophils did not differ across treatments; however, lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (23, 33, and 38%, respectively; P≤0.07). Despite marked changes in phenotypic parameters, circulating glucose and blood urea nitrogen did not differ among treatments (P &gt;0.10). However, insulin:FI increased in HS relative to TN treatments (P=0.04). Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased in HS relative to TN treatments; although this difference was driven by increased NEFA in HSCtl compared to TN and HSRapa pigs (P&lt; 0.01). In summary, pigs exposed to HS had altered phenotypic, metabolic, and leukocyte responses; however, rapamycin administration had little to no effect on any of the variables measured.

scholarly journals Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Marcus J. Bottino ◽  
Paulo Nobre ◽  
Carlos A. Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Heat Stress Index ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLand use change and deforestation can influence local temperature and climate. Here we use a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to assess the impact of savannization of the Amazon Basin on the wet-bulb globe temperature heat stress index under two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We find that heat stress exposure due to deforestation was comparable to the effect of climate change under RCP8.5. Our findings suggest that heat stress index could exceed the human adaptation limit by 2100 under the combined effects of Amazon savannization and climate change. Moreover, we find that risk of heat stress exposure was highest in Northern Brazil and among the most socially vulnerable. We suggest that by 2100, savannization of the Amazon will lead to more than 11 million people will be exposed heat stress that poses an extreme risk to human health under a high emission scenario.

Numerical simulation of thermal effects of urban green enhancements in different urban environments in the city of Augsburg (Bavaria, SE Germany)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Beck ◽  
Katharina Buse ◽  
Marisa Fritsch ◽  
Philipp Irber
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Adaptation Scenarios

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The interdisciplinary research project Abc (Augsburg bleibt cool &amp;#8211; Augsburg stays cool) &amp;#8211; funded by the German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety &amp;#8211; deals with different aspects of heat-stress exposure and adaptation to heat-stress in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;indoor and outdoor &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;urban environments &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;in the urban area of Augsburg (Bavaria, SE Germany)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;As one essential research approach this includes the estimation of the thermal effects of vegetation enhancements in different urban environments via numerical simulations performed with the ENVI-met V4 numerical model.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;For several model domains &amp;#8211; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;each of them &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;covering 300 m x 300 m with a 2 m x 2 m horizontal resolution - model runs have been performed utilizing observational data for a heat wave end of Ju&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2019 as meteorological forcing, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;thus serving as a climate analogue for thermal conditions expected to appear more frequently under future climate change conditions. For each domain model runs for the current-state and several adaptation scenarios have been performed. Adaptation scenarios thereby comprise varying measures for enhancing urban green (street and facade greening) and blue infrastructure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;n this contribution we present and discuss selected model settings and scenarios.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Model results indicate the general capability of vegetation enhancements to counteract heat-stress exposure in urban environments. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;However, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;partly also contrary effects emerge pointing to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;complex interdependencies within the urban climate system &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;which have to be taken into account when projecting urban heat island adaptation strategies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Robust and brittle secured video for IOT

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.20) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Lakshmi Narayanan ◽  
G P. Ramesh ◽  
V Divya
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Arithmetic Coding ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Binary Arithmetic ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In this paper the system is mainly designed for the  military purpose security since now-a-days securing our military has become a difficult task .our live is mainly dependent on other objects mainly we are computer based living and digital image processing plays a vital role in it. This process has much advantage as well as some disadvantage. A VLSI circuit is built with many millions of IC chip, so it is considered to be indivisible for the construction purpose. The internet-of things (Iot) is a electronic device which is connected to the vehicle and the building item which is used to generate many secured techniques which is connected with the software, electrical, electronics and mechectronics devices and human recourses also. Better Portable Graphics Algorithm with a Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) encoding algorithm is used in the existing system this process is affected by the Gaussian noise, low compression ratio and time delay to overcome above issues and  enhanced with Secure Better Portable Graphics (SBPG) compression algorithm with HEVC is present .The proposed architecture is suitable for high performance imaging in the Iot and for the high quality compression files and secured transformation of image and video captured in the digital camera. Encryption and watermarking are the two technique used in the process. The watermarking technique is more secure than the previous system. This process produces high quality JPEG, and high PSNR ratio. The scrambling algorithm is used in the encryption process. It is used for providing secured image.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document