scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Secang Heartwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Increases Bone Density in Ovariectomized Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Bani Adlina Shabrina ◽  
Nita Kristiani ◽  
Khairunisa Irnanda ◽  
Fajar Aji Lumakso ◽  
Riris Istighfari Jenie
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group V ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Group I

Osteoporosis has become a major public health concern, due to its rising incidence every year. Osteoporosis mostly occurs in women at menopause, especially in Asia. Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) heartwood contains brazilin and brazilein which are known to suppress expression of NF-ĸB, an osteoclastogenesis protein playing an important role in osteoporosis.  Thus, the aim of this research is to investigate the inhibition of osteoporosis by ethanolic extract of secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) (EES) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups treated for 20 days:  group I were OVX and treated with 1000 mg/kgBW EES; group II were OVX and treated with 500 mg/kgBW EES; group III were OVX and treated with CMC-Na; group IV were shame OVX baseline; and group V were non-OVX-baseline. Bone density was examined by using X-Ray rontgen and was strengthen by qualitative data of Giemsa staining. Moreover, total number of osteoclasts in bone slide was observed by TRAP expression using double staining immunohistochemistry with hematoxylin eosin (HE) – TRAP. Treatment of 500 mg/kgBW EES in ovariectomized rats showed the highest bone density of 0.60 gr/cm3 and the lowest number of osteoclasts was 4.66 osteoclasts per field of view. These results showed that EES is potent to be developed as an antiosteoporosis agent. Further study on its dose adjustment and molecular mechanism needs to be conducted.Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan L., osteoporosis, RANK, bone density

Hepatoprotective activity of Tamarindus indica Linn stem bark ethanolic extract against hepatic damage induced by co-administration of antitubercular drugs isoniazid and rifampicin in Sprague Dawley rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh Zohra Meena ◽  
Md. Azizur Rahman ◽  
Paramdeep Bagga ◽  
Md. Mujahid
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Hepatic Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Abstract Background Development of drug-induced hepatic damage (DIHD) during chemotherapy is the most common reason for interruption in chemotherapy. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica stem bark (EETI) against the induced DIHD in Sprague Dawley rats. Methods The rats were divided into five groups (n=5). Group I, group III, group IV, and group V rats received 1 mL 1% carboxymethyl cellulose, EETI 100 mg/kg body weight (b.wt), EETI 200 mg/kg b.wt, and silymarin 100 mg/kg b.wt, respectively, orally once every day for 28 days. After 1 h–group II, group III, group IV, and group V rats were administered with isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) 50 mg/kg b.wt each orally once every day for 28 days. Then, 24 h after the last dosing, blood was withdrawn from the rats and analyzed for liver specific enzymes and biochemical markers. They were examined for histopathology. Results Co-administration of INH and RIF in group II significantly increased alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum bilirubin, and cholesterol levels while reduced the total protein and albumin levels compared to that of group I. EETI in group III and group IV rats significantly restored the liver specific enzymes and biochemical markers altered due to co-administration of INH and RIF to normal in a dose-dependent manner. EETI 200 mg/kg b.wt showed better protection to liver than EETI 100 mg/kg b.wt and was comparable to silymarin 100 mg/kg b.wt. It was well supported with histopathology of liver tissues. Conclusions EETI possesses hepatoprotective activity against DIHD in rats. It may have a substantial impact on developing clinical strategies to treat patients with hepatic damage.

scholarly journals Antigenotoxic Activity of Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa L.) Ethanolic Extract on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Yoce Aprianto ◽  
Asri Mega Putri ◽  
Hilyatul Fadliyah ◽  
Retno Murwanti ◽  
Edy Meiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Group I

Exposure to relative chemicals has been shown to induce a genotoxic effect that can be observed through formation of micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocythes (PCE). Rumput Mutiara or Hedyotis corymbosa L. ethanolic extract (HcEE) is known to contain ursolic acid as major compound that possesses antigenotoxic activity on HepG2 cells. This study exerts in vivo approach aiming to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of HcEE on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced male Swiss mice. The ursolic acid on HcEE was determined by using thin layer chromatography with silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform-aceton (9:1) as mobile phase. The antigenotoxic activity was carried out by in vivo micronucleus test. Twenty four adult mice were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control (untreated); group II: Na-CMC 0.5%; group III: CP 50 mg/kg BW; group IV: CP+HcEE 250 mg/kg BW; group V: CP+HcEE 500 mg/kg BW; group VI: CP+HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW; group VII: HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW. HcEE were given for seven days, while CP was administered on the last two days. On the seventh day, the peripheral blood from all mice were collected, smeared, and then stained with Giemsa. The frequencies of MNPCEs and %PCEs were evaluated. Molecular docking was performed to know the interaction between ursolic acid and CYP3A4 by using PLANTS software. There was similar hRF spot between HcEE with ursolic acid standard reference indicated that the extract almost positively contain ursolic acid. HcEE reduced MNPCEs significantly compared to CP group (p<0.05) and combination of CP with HcEE showed reduction of %PCEs (p<0.05). Based on molecular docking analysis, ursolic acid gave lower docking score than CP against CYP3A4 (PDB ID: 2V0M) and similar binding site on amino acid residues Ala 448, Ile 369, Thr 309, and Val 313. All of these data suggest that HcEE perform protective effect against CP-induced genotoxicity.Keywords: Antigenotoxic, Hedyotis corymbosa L., cyclophosphamide, micronucleus, molecular docking

scholarly journals Thymoquinone Increased Expression of CD4CD25Treg in Sprague-Dawley Rats Induced Dimethylbenzanthracene

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T4) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Titiek Hidayati ◽  
Akrom Akrom ◽  
Indrayanti Indrayanti ◽  
Suny Sun
Keyword(s):  
Food Group ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tamoxifen Group ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
The Difference

BACKGROUND: The carcinogen dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) is immunotoxic. Thymoquinone, meanwhile, is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of thymoquinone and tamoxifen on the CD4CD25Treg count in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats induced by DMBA. METHODS: The 50 SD rats were divided into five groups. Group I (normal control) was given standard drinking and food. Group II was given thymoquinone, Group III was given tamoxifen, Group IV was given DMBA, and Group V was given solvent control. Thymoquinone, tamoxifen, and solvent control administration started 2 weeks before DMBA administration and continued during DMBA induction. In the 3rd week, except for the normal group, all groups were created to be induced with 10 × 20 mg/kg body weight of DMBA for 5 weeks. In the 21st week, surgery and data collection were performed. The hematology profile and CD4CD25Treg number were carried out employing a flow cytometer. The difference in the average number of CD4CD25Treg and blood cells between groups was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance RESULTS: The results revealed that DMBA induction reduced the number of erythrocytes, HB levels, platelet counts, and leukocyte counts (p < 0.05). The administration of thymoquinone and tamoxifen reduced the hematopoiesis effect of DMBA. The thymoquinone and tamoxifen group had a higher number of CD4CD25Treg and leukocytes than the DMBA group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the average CD4CD25Treg, leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, and monocyte count between the thymoquinone and the tamoxifen groups (p > 0.05).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CYANOTIS CRISTATA LEAVES APPLIED TOPICALLY ON WOUND HEALING IN WISTAR RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Anurag Pathak ◽  
Smita Shenoy ◽  
Sushil Kiran ◽  
Avinash A ◽  
Deepak Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Contraction Rate ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Incision Wound

  Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ethanolic extract of Cyanotis cristata leaves when applied topically on healing of wound in Wistar rats.Methods: C. cristata leaves were evaluated for its effect on healing of wound in three models, namely, incision, excision, and burn wound. Each model included five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. The five groups were as follows: Group I rats (control and ointment base), Group II rats (standard and silver sulfadiazine), and Group III, Group IV, Group V (treated with C. cristata extract ointment of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, respectively). Variables evaluated included breaking strength in incision wound while it was contraction rate and epithelialization in excision and burn wound. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test was used to analyze data.Result: In incision wound, breaking strength in test group was significantly increased (p<0.001) as compared to control. In excision and burn wound of test group, time to epithelialization and contraction rate was significantly decreased (p<0.001). The granulation tissue from excision and burn wound showed increased collagen and less inflammatory cells in test groups in comparison to the control.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of leaves of C. cristata, when applied topically, enhanced wound strength and accelerated healing of incision, excision, and burn wounds in rats.

Source of ethane in expirate of rats ventilated with 100% oxygen

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1268-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Habib ◽  
M. A. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ethane Production ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Ethane in alveolar expirate may have its source in organs other than the lung and be transported to the lung for elimination. We determined ethane production rates in rats (group I) ventilated with hydrocarbon-free air (HFA) before and after exsanguination. To determine whether the lung is the source of increased ethane production during exposure to 100% O2, we measured ethane in the expirate of nine exsanguinated, Sprague-Dawley rats (group II) mechanically ventilated with HFA and then with 100% O2. In all nine animals, ethane elimination rates on 100% O2 increased compared with HFA values. In five of the nine rats, HFA ventilation was reinstated after O2 (group III). In all five, ethane elimination fell with HFA ventilation compared with the value on 100%. Six rats with circulation intact were ventilated with HFA and then 100% O2 (group IV). Ethane production rate for group IV animals breathing HFA was not significantly different from the exsanguinated animals in group II while ventilated with HFA. The mean increase in ethane production for the group II animals was not significantly different from the group IV animals. Lung slices from four other rats (group V) were incubated in saline at 37 degrees C with FeCl2 (10 mg) added to enhance free radical formation. Paired lung samples from the same rat were incubated with either HFA or 100% O2. Headspace gas was analyzed chromatographically for ethane at 120 min. Mean ethane in the O2 samples was higher than for HFA. Rat lung tissue is the main source of increased ethane production during 100% O2 exposure.

scholarly journals Effect of the interaction between food state and the action of estrogen on oxytocinergic system activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Lucio-Oliveira ◽  
C R Franci
Keyword(s):  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Immunofluorescence Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increased plasma osmolality by food intake evokes augmentation of plasma oxytocin (OT). Ovarian steroids may also influence the balance of body fluids by acting on OT neurones. Our aim was to determine if estrogen influences the activity of OT neurones in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) under different osmotic situations. Ovariectomized rats (OVX) were treated with either estradiol (E2) or vehicle and were divided into three groups: group I was fedad libitum, group II underwent 48 h of fasting, and group III was refed after 48 h of fasting. On the day of the experiment, blood samples were collected to determine the plasma osmolality and OT. The animals were subsequently perfused, and OT/FOS immunofluorescence analysis was conducted on neurones in the PVN and the SON. When compared to animals which were fasted or fedad libitum, the plasma osmolality of refed animals was higher, regardless of whether they were treated with vehicle or E2. We observed neural activation of OT cells in vehicle- or E2-treated OVX rats refed after 48 h of fasting, but not in animals fedad libitumor in animals that only underwent 48 h of fasting. Finally, the percentage of neurones that co-expressed OT and FOS was lower in both the PVN and the SON of animals treated with E2and refed, when compared to vehicle-treated animals. These results suggest that E2may have an inhibitory effect on OT neurones and may modulate the secretion of OT in response to the increase of osmolality induced by refeeding.

scholarly journals Cognitive effects of ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa and its silver nanoparticles in ethanolic dementia model

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Sibi P. Ittiyavirah ◽  
◽  
Reshma Ghosh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa

Dementia is a condition of progressive deterioration of intellectual or cognitive function. Several factors cause dementia such as excessive alcohol consumption, elevated cholesterol, obesity, hypertension, diabetes (treat to avoid frequent hypoglycaemia) etc. Present study investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa (EEBD) and its silver nanoparticles AgNPsBD in Ethanol induced interoceptive dementia rat model. Silver nanoparticles of Boerhaavia diffusa (AgNPsBD) were biosynthesized and characterised analytically by UV, SEM, and DLS. Male Wistar albino rats received Ethanol (2.5mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. Animals were divided into five groups. Group I contained normal rats, Group II contained Control rats that received Ethanol 2.5 mg/kg i.p. and Group III, Group IV and Group V were received Piracetam, EEBD (300mg/kg) and AgNPsBD (30 mg/kg) p.o. respectively along with Ethanol. Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze were used as exteroceptive models for analysing cognitive performances. The animals were sacrificed and estimated lipid peroxidase and reduced glutathione in rat brain. Dementia induced animals showed reduced cognitive performance and increased oxidative stress when compared to other groups. It is concluded that the EEBD causes a reduction in both transfer latency and retention latencies and the biochemical parameters also indicates the cognitive enhancing effect of EEBD compared to its silver nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Potensi Tepung Pisang Uter (Musa Acuminata) Sebagai Pangan Fungsional Untuk Menurunkan Kolesterol

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani ◽  
Yustinus Marsono ◽  
Agnes Murdiati ◽  
Mohamad Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Banana Flour

Abstract Cholesterol is needed in certain concentration as to avoid health effects. Efforts to handle hypercholesterolemia can be done by utilizing the content of resistant starch in Uter bananas flour. The aim of this study was to prove the hypocholesterolemic effect of Uter Banana flour in hypercholesterolemic Spraque-Dawlwy rats. Therefore, experimental research using animals to determine the hypocholesterolemic effect of Uter banana flour was carried out for 28 days, in Spraque Dawlwy male rats aged 2 months, weighing ± 200 grams. Rats were divided into 5 treatment groups. Group I was normal rats group, group II was hypercholesterol rats without treatment, group III was hypercholesterol rats with pulp fruit flour diet, group IV was hypercholesterol rats with whole fruit flour diet, group V was hypercholesterol rats with peel fruit flour diet. Each diet contained 100 mg / kgBB. Statistical analysis showed that a diet of pulp fruit flour and whole fruit flour can reduce levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL significantly (p<0.05). Digesta characteristics differed among the treatment group and the hypercholesterolemia group without treatment (p <0.05). The whole fruit flour has ability to lower cholesterol better than pulp fruit flour, whereas, peel fruit flour has no hypocholesterolemic effects. Keywords: hypercholesterolemia, resistant starch, Uter Banana Flou Abstrak Kolesterol dibutuhkan oleh tubuh dalam jumlah tertentu agar tidak membahayakan kesehatan. Upaya penanganan hiperkolesterolemia dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kandungan pati resisten dalam pisang Uter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan efek hipokolesterolemik tepung Pisang Uter pada tikus Sprague Dawley hiperkolesterol. Untuk itu penelitian eksperimen dengan hewan coba untuk mengetahui efek hipokolesterolemik tepung pisang Uter dilakukan selama 28 hari, pada tikus Spraque Dawlwy jantan umur 2 bulan, dengan berat ± 200 gram. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok I adalah kelompok tikus normal, kelompok II adalah tikus hiperkolesterol tanpa perlakuan, kelompok III tikus hiperkolesterol dengan diet tepung daging buah, kelompok IV adalah tikus hiperkolesterol dengan diet tepung buah utuh, kelompok V adalah tikus hiperkolesterol dengan diet tepung kulit buah, masing-masing diberikan diet 100 mg/kgBB. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa diet tepung daging buah dan tepung buah utuh dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan LDL secara nyata (p<0,05). Karakteristik digesta berbeda antara perlakuan dan kelompok tikus hiperkolesterol tanpa perlakuan (p<0,05).Tepung buah utuh mempunyai kemampuan menurunkan kolesterol lebih baik dibandingkan tepung daging buah. Tepung kulit buah tidak mempunyai efek hipokolesterolemik. Kata kunci: Hiperkolesterol, pati resisten, tepung Pisang Uter

Pengujian Efektivitas Penyembuhan Luka Mencit Diabetes Melitus Yang Diberikan Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bandotan

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ria Afrianti ◽  
Dedi Nofiandi ◽  
Dira Dira ◽  
Widya Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Bandotan plants (Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.) commonly used as agent in the treatment of inflammatory, wound, and also used used as analgesic, stimulant and tonic. In this study we carried out a test of the effectiveness of the cream (w/o) of ethanolic extract of bandotan leaves in wound healing in streptozocin-induced hyperglycemia mice. Animals were divided into five groups: Group I (without induced, given cream base w/o), group II (induced, given cream base w/o), group III (induced, given cream containing 3% extract), group IV (induced, given cream containing 5% extract) and group V (induced, given cream containing 7% extract). Animals also divided into three subgroups based on time of decapitation on 7th, 14th and 21th days. The parameters observed were the percentage of wound healing and collagen fibers density scores. Results were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA. The results showed that the cream in concentration of 3%, 5% and 7% could affect wound healing in hyperglycemia mice. The percentage of wound healing of the cream in concentration of 3%, 5% and 7% were significantly different (p<0,05) with positive control, and density scores of collagen fibers was also significantly different (p<0,05) from the positive control and negative control. However, the best results was obtained from cream containing 5% extract which perrcentage of wound healing reached 98.5% on 21th day and got a score of 3 for density of collagen fibers that had been formed on the 14th day. 

Alcap Delivery Devices and the Sustained Release of Difluoronethylornithine (DFNO) in Vitro and in Vivo Using Male Rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haned A. Benghuzzi ◽  
Praphulla K. Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Ceramic Implants

AbstractSprague-Dawley albino male rats (25) were divided into five groups consisting of five rats each. Polymer (polylactic acid) impregnated ALCAP capsules filled with 40 mg DFMO were implanted subcutaneously (SC) or intraperitoneally (IP) in Group I and II rats respectively. Rats in Group III were implanted with empty polymer impregnated ALCAP capsules (ALCAP control). Group IV rats were administered orally 3% DFMO in drinking water. Rats in Group V served as controls. Blood samples were collected every week for nine weeks via the tail artery. The concentration of DFNO in the plasma was determined. Data obtained showed that the levels of DFMO in the serum of rats in groups I, I, and IV were 64.71 ±4.08. 219.18 ± 14.48, 16.71 ± 5.21 ug ml−1, respectively at the end of nine weeks. Body weights of the controls and DFMO treated rats were not significantly different (p<0.05). The diarrhea often noted in rats treated orally with DFHO was not observed in rats implanted with ALCAP or ALCAP capsules filled with DFMO. The results of this study suggest that: (1) polymer impregnated ALCAP ceramic implants can be used to deliver DFMO in vivo in a sustained manner for long durations of time, and (2) a ceramic system can be designed to deliver DFNO and drugs such as DFMO in a sustained manner over long durations of time in humans.

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