scholarly journals Enseñando con actitud: ¿Cuán efectiva ha sido la formación ciudadana en Chile?

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Disi Pavlic ◽  
Roberto Mardones
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
School Experience ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Curricular Implementation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Positive Effect

Although citizen training has been used as a component of the official school curriculum to overcome low levels of political participation in Chile, everything indicates that its curricular implementation into the school experience has not been successful. Although its application in Chile has a long history, its effect on the willingness of students to participate politically has not been properly studied. We maintain that, although it can promote participatory attitudes, the way it is implemented shapes its effects. Regression analyses of the 2016 ICCS survey with variables at the school and individual level demonstrate that the integration of the subject transversally has a positive effect, but only in dispositions related to electoral participation, while other forms of implementation have null or even negative effects on dispositions towards other forms of participation.

scholarly journals Playing Billiards as a Factor in Strengthening the Psychophysical Health of Modern Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2 (340)) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Nataliia Gutareva ◽  
◽  
Yurii Burov ◽  
Denys Trudov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Responsible Attitude ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Positive Effect

The article is devoted to the study and popularization of billiards among modern student youth as one of the types of game sports. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of playing billiards on the psychophysical state of student youth. The authors of the article set out the main trends associated with the increase in the level of physical development of modern students. Quite an important problem of the modern lifestyle is the gradual deterioration in the health of young people. In recent years, there has been a negative trend towards an increase in the number of young people with health problems and low levels of health. Despite the existing physical culture classes in higher and secondary educational institutions, the state of health of students is mainly deteriorating. This can be due to insufficient physical loads in classes, incorrect distribution of physical exercises, non-creative approach to the subject, or classes in general that can be carried out simply formally. An important task of modern education is to instill in young people a responsible attitude to their own health and the health of those around them as to the highest individual and social value. That is why, understanding the need to be attentive to the problems of one’s health, mastering the mechanisms of its maintenance, strengthening and restoration, cognition of the peculiarities of one’s individual mental and somatic organization is a prerequisite for longevity, self-realization as a person and as a member of society. The article presents the results of observations that allow judging the positive effect of billiards on general well-being and the level of physical and psycho-emotional health. The introduction of playing billiards in the educational process of higher educational institutions, in the author’s opinion, will contribute to solving some problems of the psychophysical health of a modern student.

scholarly journals Stress, pain, and work affiliation are strongly associated with health-related quality of life in parents of 14–15-year-old adolescents

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Rohde ◽  
Sølvi Helseth ◽  
Hilde Timenes Mikkelsen ◽  
Siv Skarstein ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background For many adults, their role as a parent is a vital part of their lives. This role is likely to be associated with a parent’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to explore the associations between gender, demographic and psychosocial variables, pain, and HRQOL in parents of 14–15-year-old adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included 561 parents. Data on demographic, psychosocial variables and pain were collected using validated instruments. HRQOL was assessed using the RAND-36. Data were analysed using univariate and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses. Results Four hundred and thirty-six (78%) mothers and 125 (22%) fathers with a mean age of 45 (SD = 5) years were included. Eighty-one per cent were married/cohabiting, 74% worked full time, and 50% had university education of more than 4 years. Almost one-third reported daily or weekly pain, and more than half (58%) reported using pain analgesics during the previous 4 weeks. Mothers reported significantly lower scores on self-efficacy, self-esteem and for all RAND-36 domains, including the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) and experienced greater stress than fathers. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that working part-time (beta = 0.40) or full time (beta = 0.52) (reference: not working) had the strongest positive effect on PCS. Absence from work for > 10 days (beta = −0.24) (reference: no absence), short-term pain (beta = −0.14), chronic pain (beta = −0.37) (reference: no pain), and stress (beta = −0.10) had the strongest negative effects on PCS. High self-esteem (beta = 0.11) had the strongest positive effect, whereas stress (beta = −0.58) and absence from work for > 10 days (beta = −0.11) (reference: no absence) had the strongest negative effects on MCS. Conclusion Mothers reported significantly lower scores on self-efficacy, self-esteem, and HRQOL, and experienced greater stress than the fathers. A high proportion of parents reported pain. Pain, stress, and low work affiliation were strongly associated with decreased HRQOL in parents. We recommend that parents of adolescents should be provided guidance about coping with pain and stress, and facilitation of a strong work affiliation because these seem to be important to parents’ HRQOL.

scholarly journals Stress, Pain, and Work Affiliation Are Strongly Associated With Health-related Quality of Life in Parents of 14–15-year-old Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Rohde ◽  
Sølvi Helseth ◽  
Hilde Timenes Mikkelsen ◽  
Siv Skarstein ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract BackgroundFor many adults, their role as a parent is a vital part of their lives. This role is likely to be associated with a parent’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to explore the associations between gender, demographic and psychosocial variables, and HRQOL pain in parents of 14–15-year-old adolescents.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that included 561 parents. Data on demographic, psychosocial variables and pain were collected using validated instruments. HRQOL was assessed using the RAND-36. Data were analysed using univariate and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsFour hundred and thirty-six (78%) mothers and 125 (22%) fathers with a mean age of 45 (SD = 5) years were included. Eighty-one per cent were married/cohabiting, 74% worked full time, and 50% had university education of more than 4 years. Almost one-third reported daily or weekly pain, and more than half (58%) reported using pain analgesics during the previous 4 weeks. Mothers reported significantly lower scores on self-efficacy, self-esteem and for all RAND-36 domains, including the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) and experienced greater stress than fathers. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that working part-time (beta = 0.40) or full time (beta = 0.52) (reference: not working) had the strongest positive effect on PCS. Absence from work for >10 days (beta = –0.24) (reference: no absence), short-term pain (beta = –0.14), chronic pain (beta = –0.37) (reference: no pain), and stress (beta= –0.10) had the strongest negative effects on PCS. High self-esteem (beta = 0.11) had the strongest positive effect, whereas stress (beta = –0.58) and absence from work for >10 days (beta = –0.11) (reference: no absence) had the strongest negative effects on MCS.ConclusionMothers reported significantly lower scores on self-efficacy, self-esteem, and HRQOL, and experienced greater stress than the fathers. A high proportion of parents reported pain. Pain, stress, and low work affiliation were strongly associated with decreased HRQOL in parents. We recommend that parents of adolescents should be provided guidance about coping with pain and stress, and facilitation of a strong work affiliation because these seem to be important to parents’ HRQOL.

The interactive effect of person and situation on explorative and exploitative behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Fernando Garcia ◽  
Rebecca M. Guidice ◽  
Neal P. Mero
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Employee Behavior ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Exploration Behavior ◽  
Manufacturing Company ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine contextual factors (empowerment, ownership, and accountability) that facilitate and promote exploration and exploitation behavior. Data were obtained from an American manufacturing company using employee and supervisor surveys (n = 297). Findings indicate that empowerment improved exploitation and that when employees perceived they would have to be accountable for their actions, employees who felt empowered showed lower gains in exploration behaviors compared with those who felt less empowered; in contrast, those having feelings of ownership exhibited higher gains in exploration behavior than those who scored low in ownership. Although ownership was theorized to have a positive effect on exploitative behavior, we found evidence for its negative effects instead. We contribute to the limited individual-level ambidexterity literature by providing empirical evidence on the effects of contextual factors on ambidextrous behavior. This knowledge could help firms better manage employee behavior and implement effective supervisory oversight.

Psychological contract and organizational justice: the role of normative contract

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Estreder ◽  
Thomas Rigotti ◽  
Inés Tomás ◽  
José Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the psychological contract (PC) simultaneously at the individual level (fulfillment of obligations by the organization and PC violation) and the organizational level (normative contract), and their relationship with employees’ evaluations of organizational justice. Based on justice and information processing approaches, the hypothesis is that normative contract has an effect on employees’ perceptions of organizational justice, and also moderates the relationship between PC violation and organizational justice. Design/methodology/approach Multilevel modeling was employed with a multinational sample of 5,338 employees nested in 214 companies. Findings Findings showed that beyond the positive effect of fulfillment of obligations by the organization, PC violation has a strong negative effect on organizational justice. In addition, normative contract has a positive effect on organizational justice, showing that when shared perceptions of normative contract are higher, then the organizational justice perceptions of employees are also higher. Furthermore, the normative contract moderated the relationship between PC violation and organizational justice, showing that the negative relationship of PC violation with organizational justice was stronger when the normative contract was higher. Practical implications Findings suggest that normative contract has effects on organizational justice, and that PC violation had more negative effects on employees’ perceptions of organizational justice perceptions when colleagues’ shared perceptions of fulfillment were higher. This means that social context (shared perceptions in an organization about the PC) has effects on individual perceptions of organizational justice. Companies need to pay attention to detrimental effects on employees who perceive a worse PC than their colleagues do. Originality/value The study extends the current research by demonstrating that employee–employer exchanges are not limited to individual level effects because shared perceptions of PC fulfillment (normative contract) also have relevant effects on employees’ perceptions of organizational justice.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Desentralisasi Fiskal Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran di Wilayah Sumatera

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Riski Prasetyo Putro
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Regional Problems

Through fiscal decentralization, local governments are expected to assume more responsibility for regional problems such as unemployment. This study aims to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on the unemployment rate in Sumatra for the period 2006 to 2013. This quantitative research used panel data and multiple regression analyses. The results show that Regional Revenue and Revenue Sharing Fund have negative effects on the unemployment rate. Capital expenditures negatively affect the unemployment rate for the next two years, while goods and services expenditures have a positive effect on the unemployment rate. In addition, the General Allocation Fund, Special Allocation Fund and personnel expenditure do not affect the unemployment rate. Abstrak Melalui desentralisasi fiskal, pemerintah daerah diharapkan mampu menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan daerah, antara lain pengangguran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pelaksanaan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Wilayah Sumatera selama periode 2006 s.d. 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan data panel dan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Bagi Hasil berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat pengangguran. Belanja modal berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat pengangguran pada dua tahun berikutnya, sedangkan belanja barang dan jasa justru berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat pengangguran. Selain itu, Dana Alokasi Umum, Dana Alokasi Khusus, dan belanja pegawai tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran.

scholarly journals The Civic Voluntarism of “Custodial Citizens”: Involuntary Criminal Justice Contact, Associational Life, and Political Participation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 990-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leo Owens ◽  
Hannah L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Voting Participation ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Criminal Justice Contact

A growing body of research explores the influence of involuntary criminal justice contact on political participation, demonstrating that all types of contact weaken political participation. We posit, however, that personal connections to civil society organizations (CSOs) moderate the negative effects of involuntary criminal justice contact on political participation, particularly political activism beyond registering to vote and voting. We test this proposition with individual-level and aggregate-level data from metropolitan and municipal Chicago. Our findings confirm a paradox of participation by custodial citizens. One, we demonstrate positive, statistically significant, and substantive effects of personal connections to CSOs onnonvoting political participationby custodial citizens. Two, the negative effects of involuntary criminal justice contact onvoting participationamong individuals and communities may endure, despite personal connections to CSOs, even in a state where the franchise is restored immediately after incarceration. Our study suggests that an associational account of political participation deepens our understanding of the political behavior of custodial citizens and their communities in the age of mass incarceration.

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

scholarly journals Acute Financial Hardship and Voter Turnout: Theory and Evidence from the Sequence of Bank Working Days

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
MAX SCHAUB
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Using Data

How does poverty influence political participation? This question has interested political scientists since the early days of the discipline, but providing a definitive answer has proved difficult. This article focuses on one central aspect of poverty—the experience of acute financial hardship, lasting a few days at a time. Drawing on classic models of political engagement and novel theoretical insights, I argue that by inducing stress, social isolation, and feelings of alienation, acute financial hardship has immediate negative effects on political participation. Inference relies on a natural experiment afforded by the sequence of bank working days that causes short-term financial difficulties for the poor. Using data from three million individuals, personal interviews, and 1,100 elections in Germany, I demonstrate that acute financial hardship reduces both turnout intentions and actual turnout. The results imply that the financial status of the poor on election day can have important consequences for their political representation.

scholarly journals Determinants of Corporate Anti-Corruption Disclosure: The Case of the Emerging Economics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3462
Author(s):  
Maider Aldaz Odriozola ◽  
Igor Álvarez Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect

Corruption is a key factor that affects countries’ development, with emerging countries being a geographical area in which it tends to generate greater negative effects. However, few empirical studies analyze corruption from the point of view of disclosure by companies in this relevant geographical area. Based on a regression analysis using data from the 96 large companies from 15 emerging countries included in the 2016 International Transparency Report, this paper seeks to understand what determinants affect such disclosure. In that context, this paper provides empirical evidence to understand the factors that influence reporting on anti-corruption mechanisms in an area of high economic importance that has been little studied to date, pointing to the positive effect of press freedom in a country where the company is located and with the industry being the unique control variable that strengthens this relationship.

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