scholarly journals Rehabilitation organisch bedingter Gedächtnisstörungen: Was, wann, für welche Betroffenen?

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-254
Author(s):  
N. Turgut ◽  
H. Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
Memory Disorder ◽  
Affected Person ◽  
Memory Rehabilitation ◽  
Broad Overview

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of treatment strategies and methods as well as a practical decision support, based on the current version of the guideline on memory rehabilitation [55] and the authorsʼ views. We show that the choice of a method for efficient neuropsychological treatment depends on the type and severity of the memory disorder as well as on the previous therapy experience of the affected person and the defined therapy goal: e.g., what it means to work with implicit »errorless learning« methods; which form of external memory aids can be used with which patients; that methods for improving memory performance are available for persons with moderate to mild memory disorders; and that PC therapy is also likely to help younger and more mildly affected persons. The aim is also to provide a broad overview of current studies on memory rehabilitation, some with very promising results. However, many questions remain unanswered to date, some of which have been highlighted in this paper with the aim of stimulating future research to enable those affected by memory impairment to achieve the best possible rehabilitation and the greatest possible independence

Memory rehabilitation: Restorative, specific knowledge acquisition, and compensatory approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashoda Gopi ◽  
Ed Wilding ◽  
Christopher R Madan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Memory Rehabilitation

Memory impairment following an acquired brain injury can negatively impact daily living, quality of life, and progression to dementia—but can be reduced by memory rehabilitation. Here we review the literature on three approaches for memory rehabilitation and their associated strategies: (1) the restorative approach, aimed at a return to pre-morbid functioning, (2) the knowledge acquisition approach, involving training on specific information relevant to daily life, and (3) the compensatory approach, targeted at improving daily functioning. Each memory rehabilitation approach includes specific strategies such as drill and practice (restorative), spaced retrieval (knowledge acquisition), and memory aids (compensatory). Past research has demonstrated little support for the use of restorative strategies to improve memory function whereas knowledge acquisition strategies show promising results on trained tasks but require intensive and time-consuming training. Finally, compensatory strategies remain widely used but there is limited information on training individuals to use them effectively. Considerations for future research to improve the applicability of strategies for memory rehabilitation include assessing memory impairment severity, examining memory needs in daily life, and exploring the long-term effects of memory rehabilitation.

The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Meessen ◽  
Verena Mainz ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

scholarly journals Early stages of tau pathology and its associations with functional connectivity, atrophy and memory

Brain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Berron ◽  
Jacob W Vogel ◽  
Philip S Insel ◽  
Joana B Pereira ◽  
Long Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
With Memory

Abstract In Alzheimer’s disease, postmortem studies have shown that the first cortical site where neurofibrillary tangles appear is the transentorhinal region, a subregion within the medial temporal lobe that largely overlaps with area 35, and the entorhinal cortex. Here we used tau-PET imaging to investigate the sequence of tau pathology progression within the human medial temporal lobe and across regions in the posterior-medial system. Our objective was to study how medial temporal tau is related to functional connectivity, regional atrophy, and memory performance. We included 215 β-amyloid negative cognitively unimpaired, 81 β-amyloid positive cognitively unimpaired and 87 β-amyloid positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment, who each underwent [18]F-RO948 tau and [18]F-flutemetamol amyloid PET imaging, structural T1-MRI and memory assessments as part of the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study. First, event-based modelling revealed that the entorhinal cortex and area 35 show the earliest signs of tau accumulation followed by the anterior and posterior hippocampus, area 36 and the parahippocampal cortex. In later stages, tau accumulation became abnormal in neocortical temporal and finally parietal brain regions. Second, in cognitively unimpaired individuals, increased tau load was related to local atrophy in the entorhinal cortex, area 35 and the anterior hippocampus and tau load in several anterior medial temporal lobe subregions was associated with distant atrophy of the posterior hippocampus. Tau load, but not atrophy, in these regions was associated with lower memory performance. Further, tau-related reductions in functional connectivity in critical networks between the medial temporal lobe and regions in the posterior-medial system were associated with this early memory impairment. Finally, in patients with mild cognitive impairment, the association of tau load in the hippocampus with memory performance was partially mediated by posterior hippocampal atrophy. In summary, our findings highlight the progression of tau pathology across medial temporal lobe subregions and its disease-stage specific association with memory performance. While tau pathology might affect memory performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals via reduced functional connectivity in critical medial temporal lobe-cortical networks, memory impairment in mild cognitively impaired patients is associated with posterior hippocampal atrophy.

scholarly journals Cost Needed to Treat (CNT) and Number Needed to Treat (NNT) analysis of drugs for treatment of heart failure in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mullavelil ◽  
V George ◽  
A Thannikkal ◽  
R Aravindakshan ◽  
D John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Neprilysin Inhibitor ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Threshold ◽  
Effectiveness Threshold

Abstract Background Only little attention has been paid to treatment strategies of chronic disease conditions that require long term treatment and repeated hospitalizations Purpose Our aim was to review cost-effectiveness of guideline directed medical therapy of heart failure in India and identify drugs that can be made available free of cost or at subsidized rates to the patient population. Methods Data extracted from ten landmark trials in heart failure was used to compute Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and Cost Needed to Treat (CNT) of drugs used in heart failure, to prevent cardiovascular mortality and heart failure re-hospitalization using HDS Plotter- Incremental Cost Effectiveness Calculator. Since various brands (i.e. trade names) with wide cost range are available in Indian market, the average retail price in Indian Rupees for year 2019 was considered and converted to US dollars and used for the analysis.NNT and CNT of each drug was computed and the cost-effectiveness was analyzed. WHO recommendation of three times per capita GDP was used as the cost effectiveness threshold. Results Medications that were labeled as class I for the treatment of heart failure, were included in our analysis. Ivabradine, Valsartan and Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) did not meet the cost effectiveness criteria for preventing cardio-vascular mortality. For prevention of heart failure re-hospitalization, all drugs except ARNi, met the cost effectiveness threshold. Conclusion Any future research would need to consider compliance factor along with Willingness to Pay (WTP) to understand the real acceptance of these drugs on the ground in India. Log prices (in US$) of various HF drugs Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Distant Healing Intention Therapies: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. gahmj.2015.012. ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Radin ◽  
Marilyn Schlitz ◽  
Christopher Baur
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distant Healing ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Nonlocal Nature ◽  
Broad Overview ◽  
Healing Modalities

This article provides a broad overview of “distant healing intention” (DHI) therapies, ie, intentional healing modalities claimed to transcend the usual constraints of distance through space or time. We provide a summary of previous reviews and meta-analyses that have explored a diverse array of DHI modalities, outcome measures, and experimental protocols. While some significant experimental effects have been observed, the evidence to date does not yet provide confidence in its clinical efficacy. The purported “nonlocal” nature of DHI raises significant methodological and theoretical challenges. We recommend several avenues for improving future research.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Differences Related to Age in Dementia with Lewy Bodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Nagahama ◽  
Tomoko Okina ◽  
Norio Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Recent Memory ◽  
Better Than

Background/Aims: To examine the influence of age on neuropsychological performances in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Methods: We examined memory, executive, and visuo-constructional performances in 202 DLB patients and 236 AD patients. We divided the subjects into three age groups (65–74, 75–84, and 85–95 years old), and evaluated the differences in neuropsychological performances. Results: Recent memory in the DLB group was significantly better than that in the age-matched AD group when comparing the age groups 65–74 years and 75–84 years; however, memory impairment in the DLB patients in the age group 85–95 years was comparable with that in the age-matched AD patients. In contrast to recent memory, the other assessed neuropsychological performances, such as visuospatial and executive functions, showed no significant change in differences between the DLB and AD groups with advancing age. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the nature of memory impairment in DLB patients changes according to age. DLB patients in the young-old and old-old age groups showed significantly better memory performance than the age-matched AD patients, whereas memory performance of the DLB patients in the oldest-old age group was similar to that of the age-matched AD patients. This may be associated with the increased rate of coexisting AD pathology in DLB patients with older age.

scholarly journals Development of new 5-chromenyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones as antimicrobial agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mariana Nastasă ◽  
Mihaela Duma ◽  
Adrian Pîrnău ◽  
Laurian Vlase ◽  
Brîndușa Tiperciuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
New Compounds

Background and aims. In the context of the increasing phenomenon of microbial resistance to usual drugs, the development of new treatment strategies and new therapeutic protocols is a constant need. Thiazolidinedione and chromone represent two important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their large pharmacological applicability.Methods. We synthesized a new 5-(chromene-3-yl)methylene-2,4-thiazolidinedione starting from 6,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde. Then, by treating with different α-bromoalkylarylketones, we obtained N-substituted derivatives. All new compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial potential, using the diffusion method, against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Three concentrations, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml of compounds were used. The results were evaluated by the measurement of the inhibition zone diameters and compared to those of gentamicin and fluconazole respectively, as reference drugs.Results. All new synthesized compounds were characterized using physico-chemical and spectrometric methods. They displayed modest to good antimicrobial activity. New molecules 8, 9 and 10 may represent promising candidates, showing zone inhibition diameters superior to those of reference drugs.Conclusions. This work presents chemical synthesis, characterization and investigation of the antibacterial and antifungal potential of 5-(chromene-3-yl)methylene-2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives, which may be worthy of future research for designing new chemical entities.

scholarly journals Behavioral interventions to benefit cognition (Intervenciones cognitivas para beneficiar la cognición)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Etnier ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Aaron Piepmeier
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

With the growing population of older adults, the identification of treatment strategies to prevent or ameliorate age-related cognitive decline has been an important topic in recent years. After reviewing cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimentally designed studies, as well as evidence from narrative and meta-analytic reviews, the authors concluded that behavioral approaches such as physical activity, cognitive training, and dietary interventions show promising results. In addition, given the likelihood that multiple underlying mechanisms support cognitive function, research is currently focusing on how to combine lifestyle factors into multi-component interventions to generate greater and more meaningful effects. Though evidence for these enhanced benefits exists from animal studies, few multi-component studies have been performed with humans. However, the findings from these studies are promising and a continued pursuit of multi-component behavioral interventions to benefit cognitive performance is warranted. Given the world’s aging population and accompanying age-related health issues such as cognitive decline and dementia, future research should focus on understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for these effects in order to allow for the development of behavioral lifestyle prescriptions to benefit cognitive performance.Keywords. aging, cognitive function, exercise intervention, oxidative stress, cognitive engagement.Resumen. Con la creciente población de adultos mayores, la identificación de las estrategias de tratamiento para prevenir o mejorar el deterioro cognitivo relacionado con la edad ha sido un tema importante en los últimos años. Después de revisar estudios con diseños transversales, longitudinales y experimentales, así como la evidencia de revisiones de literatura narrativa y meta-analítica, los autores concluyen que los enfoques conductuales como la actividad física, el entrenamiento cognitivo y las intervenciones dietéticas muestran resultados prometedores. Además, dada la probabilidad de que múltiples mecanismos subyacentes apoyan la función cognitiva, las investigaciones se enfocan actualmente en la manera de cómo combinar factores del estilo de vida en las intervenciones con múltiples componentes para generar efectos mayores y más significativos. Aunque existe evidencia de estos beneficios a partir de estudios en animales, se han realizado pocos estudios de componentes múltiples en humanos. Sin embargo, los resultados de estos estudios son prometedores y se garantiza un seguimiento continuo de las intervenciones conductuales de componentes múltiples para beneficiar el rendimiento cognitivo. Teniendo en cuenta el envejecimiento de la población mundial y los problemas de salud relacionados con la edad que la acompañan, tales como el deterioro cognitivo y la demencia, la investigación futura debería centrarse en la comprensión de los mecanismos biológicos responsables de estos efectos con el fin de permitir el desarrollo de las prescripciones de comportamiento de estilo de vida para beneficiar el rendimiento cognitivo.Palabras claves. envejecimiento, funcionamiento cognitivo, intervención con ejercicio, estrés oxidativo, participación cognitiva.

Hyperthermia Exacerbates Ischaemic Brain Injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. X. Wang ◽  
A. Stroink ◽  
J. M. Casto ◽  
K. Kattner
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Ischaemic Brain ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Ischaemic Brain Injury

Hyperthermia frequently occurs in stroke patients. Hyperthermia negatively correlates with clinical outcome and adversely effects treatment regiments otherwise successful under normothermic conditions. Preclinical studies also demonstrate that hyperthermia converts salvageable penumbra to ischaemic infarct. The present article reviews the knowledge accumulated from both clinical and preclinical studies about hyperthermia and ischaemic brain injury, examines current treatment strategies and discusses future research directions.

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