scholarly journals STATE PROTECTION UPON ADOLESCENT VICTIM OF INCEST RAPE THROUGH GENDER LENS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Elita Rahmi ◽  
Elly Sudarti
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Female Victim ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
State Obligations ◽  
Substantive Justice ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Abortion ◽  
Gender Lens ◽  
State Protection

The state obligations to fulfill and protect the rights of adolescent victim of incest rape post-abortion and other rights have not been exercised during the legal process of investigation until court verdict as it is indicated that the adolescent victim is unfairly detained without due process for illegally practicing abortion. This occasion indicates that the law is being unfair towards the adolescent victim without considering the precondition which inevitably forces the abortion. This article scrutinizes such case of Muara Bulian county in which the local court’s verdict No. 5/Pid.Sus.Anak/2018/PN.Mbn did not accommodate the substantive justice which take stand of the rights of adolescent victim of incest rape. The verdict indicates that such court verdict does not express gender sensitivity to the right of adolescent female victim of incest rape to which the state is obliged to fulfil and protect.

scholarly journals STATE PROTECTION UPON ADOLESCENT VICTIM OF INCEST RAPE THROUGH GENDER LENS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Elita Rahmi ◽  
Elly Sudarti
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Female Victim ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
State Obligations ◽  
Substantive Justice ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Abortion ◽  
Gender Lens ◽  
State Protection

The state obligations to fulfill and protect the rights of adolescent victim of incest rape post-abortion and other rights have not been exercised during the legal process of investigation until court verdict as it is indicated that the adolescent victim is unfairly detained without due process for illegally practicing abortion. This occasion indicates that the law is being unfair towards the adolescent victim without considering the precondition which inevitably forces the abortion. This article scrutinizes such case of Muara Bulian county in which the local court’s verdict No. 5/Pid.Sus.Anak/2018/PN.Mbn did not accommodate the substantive justice which take stand of the rights of adolescent victim of incest rape. The verdict indicates that such court verdict does not express gender sensitivity to the right of adolescent female victim of incest rape to which the state is obliged to fulfil and protect.

scholarly journals Głos w dyskusji o zaniechaniu ścigania jako sposobie reakcji na przestępstwo w prawnie dopuszczalnym procesie karnym

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Michał Wojciech Basa
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Harm ◽  
Trial Subject ◽  
Instrumental Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The subject of considerations is an attempt to describe and assess the institution of cessation of prosecution, resulting from reaching an agreement, as reaction to crime. The effective consensus-driven approach ought to be aimed at combining court instruments and values with the axiological basis of agreement-based litigation (namely, principle of restorative justice), and also with legal measures which allow to mete out a due penal reaction or, frequently, the cessation of prosecution. In case of proceedings regarding misdemeanours, where there is a possibility of eliminating the consequences of the crime solely by compensatory actions within victim-perpetrator relation, the state ought to waive the execution of ius puniendi. What should constitute the limit of waiving the right to punish is a combination of circumstances such as: negligible degree of social harm, reaching a plea agreement that includes the manner of compensation, along with executing thereof. Then, the sufficient reaction to crime is redressing damage or compensation for the harm suffered and the prosecutor’s decision to cease prosecution. The stage of judicial proceeding does not have to and should not be merely a forum for reaching and executing court agreements. The described variant of cessation of the prosecution combines instrumental values, such as the promptness and cost-effectiveness of proceedings with non-instrumental ones, such as due process and implementation of restorative justice. Through only partial waiver of the trial subject implementation, cessation of the proceedings may constitute a compromise between legalistic values and those of judicial opportunism.

scholarly journals O princípio do contraditório necessário aos processos administrativos e aos processos nos tribunais de contas

2018 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Alexandre Aroeira Salles
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
External Control ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Adversarial System ◽  
Administrative Agencies ◽  
Fair Hearing ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Article 5

<p>The adversarial system (the principle of the right to a fair hearing) needed for proceedings before administratives and accounting courts in Brazil</p><p> </p><p>A CRFB/88 entregou às atividades de controle interno e de controle externo brasileiros importantes competências, incluindo a função de aplicar sanções a pessoas físicas e jurídicas, podendo-lhes ainda condenar à devolução de valores irregularmente dispendidos. Ao mesmo tempo, a CRFB/88 garantiu, por meio do artigo 5o, a todos os indivíduos que o Estado somente lhes possa privar de seus bens e direitos caso siga fielmente as normas-princípio do devido processo legal, do contraditório e da ampla defesa. Desrespeitando frontalmente tais princípios, a Lei no 8.443/1992 organizou seu aparato de forma a incluir nas atribuições de seus ministros o papel de fiscalizar, acusar, instaurar, instruir, gerir as provas e decidir seus processos acusatórios contra os indivíduos. Além disso, a referida lei estabeleceu um processo em que as partes não conseguem: produzir suas provas; acompanhar as provas produzidas pelos seus acusadores e ao mesmo tempo julgadores; serem ouvidas; e nem recorrerem para instância que não já as tenha fiscalizado e julgado. Portanto, é necessário modernizar tal lei para viabilizar tanto uma organização como um processo justo.</p><p> </p><p>The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 provided the administrative agencies with important competencies for the internal and external control of public activities, including the function of imposing sanctions and order the return of amounts spent improperly against citzens. At the same time, the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, through its Article 5, guarantees to all individuals that the State can only deprive them of their assets and rights if it faithfully follows certain specific principles (“normas-princípio”) of due legal process, adversarial system and full defense. Disrespecting directly such principles, the act Law 8.443/92 structured its bodies in such a way as to give to the officials the role of auditing, accusing, instituting, instructing, administering the evidence and deciding on its accusatory proceedings against individuals. Moreover, these Laws established a process in which the parties cannot: produce their evidence; analyse the evidence presented by their accusers/judges; be heard; or even appeal to a forum that has not already reviewed and decided on their case. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt this act to enable the creation of a structure and process that is fair.</p>

scholarly journals Features of the constituent process in the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
D. V. Slynko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Right

The constituent process as a kind of legal process has been researched. Its specific features in the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine include the fact that it is the result of legal regulation, not related to the existence of a dispute about the right; consists of a certain sequence of proceedings (in regard to agencies and units – creation, reorganization and liquidation, in regard to officials – appointment and removal); aimed at the formation, development and improvement of the institutional and personnel basis of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; acts as a special regulatory procedure for carrying out management activity of the implementation of the relevant legal norms; ensures the effective functioning of the state administration mechanism in the relevant field. On the basis of theoretical analysis of legal literature, the author has determined that the regime of the constituent process in the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs first in its general theoretical aspect distinguishes, first of all the specificity of the formation of the corresponding agencies and units of the state or the appointment of officials depending on their subordinate position within the structure of the Ministry, in particular, and the mechanism of the state in general. It has been argued that the purpose of the constituent process is the formation, development and improvement of the relevant agencies and units, the appointment of officials, as well as their management. It has been determined that the reasons for the origin of this type of legal process in the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are the relevant legal facts or legal status. One can study the main elements of the procedural form in the constituent process in the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which combine the specific features and characteristics of each type of legal process.

scholarly journals Relevance Of Magna Carta To Rights Of Victims Of Abuse Of Power

SEEU Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Besa Arifi
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
List Type ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Magna Carta ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

AbstractMagna Carta Libertatum is one of the few documents that continuously imply thorough discussions about fundamental principles of the law. In 2011,Lord McNelly, Justice Minister of UK at the time, has emphasized the core and everlasting principles that derived from this document:᠅ that the power of the state is not absolute᠅ that whoever governs the state must obey the law᠅ and that whoever governs the state must take account of the views of those who are governed (McNally, 2011).These are the fundamental principles of any government that strives to be distinguished as democratic, these are the self-evident truths that have been developed in the theory of social contract that established the modern day democracies.It is very common that article 39 of Magna Carta that provides for the right to due process, as well as article 40 that provides for the right to access to justice and justice itself, to be usually analyzed from the point of view of the rights of the person accused of a crime. However, it must be taken into consideration, that failure to guarantee these two very important human rights makes the accused person a victim of abuse of power.This article aims to analyze the relevance of Magna Carta in the rise of the concept of rights of victims of abuse of power. Although it is a concept developed later in history, the clauses of Magna Carta that remain in power can be directly linked to this category of victims.The thirteenth century provides a very important perspective on the position of the victim of crime and can be analyzed in a comparative aspect regarding the Common Law and the Civil Law historical development. The article will briefly explain the evolution of the concept of victims’ rights throughout these eight centuries to the modern times when these rights have become a crucial part of the national legislations of Western Balkan countries.

Metodologi Pengeluaran Fatwa di Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Mohd Faez Mohd Shah ◽  
Norhidayah Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Right

In the discipline of Islamic law research, strong proofing and clear Istinbat method are key pillars in the construction of Islamic law based on the application of the science of usul al-fiqh and maqasid al-shari'ah. However, what happens at the state of Johor’s fatwa institution is the opposite. The fatwa research methods applied by the Fatwa Committee of Johor in resolving current fatwa issues is not based on the right and true discipline of Islamic law research. In fact, current inputs related to fatwa issues are not explicitly stated in the method of determining the law either in the form of reality or scientifically verified. Therefore, this paper will discuss the fatwa procedures undertaken by the Fatwa Committee of Johor based on the methods applied in resolving current issues. The research methodology adopted is library and interview methods. This study shows that fatwa management and production in the state of Johor is placed under the jurisdiction of the Mufti of Johor’s Department. The methods adopted by the Fatwa Committee of Johor covers two methods, namely: internal research methods including literature review through the application of original source and proofs based on syarak. Second: field research method that includes an external review or going to the location of study such as conducting observation, questionnaires and interviews including referrals to specialists of different fields. Maslahah and mafsdah consideration are also implemented by the Fatwa Committee in every fatwa decision based on the standard that meets the interests of maqasid al-shari'ah. Keywords: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah ABSTRAK Dalam disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam, kekuatan pendalilan dan kaedah istinbat yang jelas merupakan tunggak utama dalam pembinaan hukum Islam berasaskan kepada aplikasi ilmu usul al-fiqh dan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun begitu, apa yang berlaku di institusi fatwa negeri Johor adalah sebaliknya. Kaedah penyelidikan fatwa yang diaplikasi oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor dalam menyelesaikan isu fatwa semasa tidak berasaskan kepada disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam yang tepat dan sebenar. Malahan input-input semasa yang berkaitan dengan isu fatwa juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam kaedah penentuan hukum sama ada dalam bentuk realiti yang berlaku atau pembuktian secara saintifik. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan prosedur fatwa Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor berdasarkan metode-metode yang diaplikasi dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu yang bersifat semasa. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah melalui metode perpustakaan dan metode lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan dan pengeluaran fatwa di negeri Johor hanya terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Jabatan Mufti Johor. Metode fatwa yang diamalkan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor merangkumi dua metode iaitu pertama, kaedah penyelidikan dalaman yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan menerusi pengaplikasian dari sumber asas dan dalil-dalil syarak. Kedua, kaedah penyelidikan lapangan yang meliputi kajian luaran atau turun ke lokasi kajian seperti observasi, soal selidik dan temubual dan rujukan kepada pakar dalam bidang yang berlainan. Pertimbangan maslahah dan mafsdah juga dimplementasikan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa dalam setiap keputusan fatwanya berasaskan standard yang menepati kepentingan maqasid al-shari’ah. Kata kunci: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah

When the State Speaks, What Should It Say?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Brettschneider
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The State ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
New Approach ◽  
State Action ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Equal Citizenship ◽  
The Ideal

How should a liberal democracy respond to hate groups and others that oppose the ideal of free and equal citizenship? The democratic state faces the hard choice of either protecting the rights of hate groups and allowing their views to spread, or banning their views and violating citizens' rights to freedoms of expression, association, and religion. Avoiding the familiar yet problematic responses to these issues, this book proposes a new approach called value democracy. The theory of value democracy argues that the state should protect the right to express illiberal beliefs, but the state should also engage in democratic persuasion when it speaks through its various expressive capacities: publicly criticizing, and giving reasons to reject, hate-based or other discriminatory viewpoints. Distinguishing between two kinds of state action—expressive and coercive—the book contends that public criticism of viewpoints advocating discrimination based on race, gender, or sexual orientation should be pursued through the state's expressive capacities as speaker, educator, and spender. When the state uses its expressive capacities to promote the values of free and equal citizenship, it engages in democratic persuasion. By using democratic persuasion, the state can both respect rights and counter hateful or discriminatory viewpoints. The book extends this analysis from freedom of expression to the freedoms of religion and association, and shows that value democracy can uphold the protection of these freedoms while promoting equality for all citizens.

The Right to Housing: Challenges Associated with the ‘Waiting List System’ Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality V Various Occupiers, Eden Park Extension 5 2014 3 SA 23 (SCA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Shamier Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
The State ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Court Of Appeal

The right to adequate housing is a constitutional imperative which is contained in section 26 of the Constitution. The state is tasked with the progressive realisation of this right. The allocation of housing has been plagued with challenges which impact negatively on the allocation process. This note analyses Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Various Occupiers, Eden Park Extension 51 which dealt with a situation where one of the main reasons provided by the Supreme Court of Appeal for refusing the eviction order was because the appellants subjected the unlawful occupiers to defective waiting lists and failed to engage with the community regarding the compilation of the lists and the criteria used to identify beneficiaries. This case brings to the fore the importance of a coherent (reasonable) waiting list in eviction proceedings. This note further analyses the impact of the waiting list system in eviction proceedings and makes recommendations regarding what would constitute a coherent (reasonable) waiting list for the purpose of section 26(2) of the Constitution.

The Scope and Content of Section 75(1)(a) of the Zimbabwean Constitution: An International Law Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiedza Simbo
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Education System ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Education Act ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Basic Education System

Despite the recent enactment of the Zimbabwean Constitution which provides for the right to basic education, complaints, reminiscent of a failed basic education system, have marred the education system in Zimbabwe. Notwithstanding glaring violations of the right to basic education by the government, no person has taken the government to court for failure to comply with its section 75(1)(a) constitutional obligations, and neither has the government conceded any failures or wrongdoings. Two ultimate questions arise: Does the state know what compliance with section 75(1)(a) entails? And do the citizens know the scope and content of their rights as provided for by section 75(1)(a) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe? Whilst it is progressive that the Education Act of Zimbabwe as amended in 2020 has addressed some aspects relating to section 75(1)(a) of the Constitution, it has still not provided an international law compliant scope and content of the right to basic education neither have any clarifications been provided by the courts. Using an international law approach, this article suggests what the scope and content of section 75(1)(a) might be.

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