scholarly journals Risiko Gangguan Kesehatan Masyarakat Akibat Pajanan PM10 di Kota Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Erdi Nur ◽  
Basuki Ario Seno ◽  
Rahmi Hidayanti

Latar belakang: Pencemaran udara merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang mempunyai dampak serius pada kesehatan manusia dan kualitas lingkungan. Salah satu polutan udara yang dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan adalah partikel debu/ Particullate Matter (PM10). Kegiatan penambangan tanah liat di Gunung Sarik merupakan yang terbesar di Kota Padang. Proses pengangkutan tanah liat ke perusahaan, menimbulkan dampak terhadap masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis risiko lingkungan pajanan PM 10 kegiatan penambangan tanah liat dan manajemen risiko yang dapat dilakukan.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April sampai November 2019, sebanyak 53 responden. Parameter yang diukur adalah PM10  pada empat titik pengukuran. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara systematik random sampling. Instrumen berupa LVAS, termohygrometer, anemometer, timbangan dan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan tahapan analisis risiko lingkungan.Hasil: Konsentrasi PM10 adalah 0,152 µg/m3 melebihi baku mutu sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 41 Tahun 2009. Nilai intake pajanan PM10 secara inhalasi di titik empat memiliki nilai RQ > 1, menunjukkan bahwa pemajanan tidak aman bagi masyarakat di sepanjang jalan Gunung Sarik sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian.Simpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat satu titik pengukuran dengan konsentrasi PM10 udara ambien di Gunung Sarik 0,152 µg/m3 melewati baku mutu sesuai PP No 41 Tahun 2009 yaitu 150 µg/m3 . Hasil analisis risiko RQ>1, artinya pemajanan tidak aman bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di sepanjang Jalan Gunung Sarikdan sebanyak 43 responden (86%) memiliki gejala gangguan saluran pernafasan ABSTRACTTitle: Public Health Problems Due to PM10 Exposure in Padang CityBackground: Air pollution is a public health problem that has a serious impact on human health and environmental quality. One of the air pollutants that can cause health problems is dust particles / Particullate Matter (PM10). The clay mining activity in Gunung Sarik is the largest in Padang City. The process of transporting clay to the company has an impact on the community and the surrounding environment. This study aims to analyze the environmental risk of exposure to PM10 clay mining activities and the risk management that can be carried out.Method: The study used the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) method. The study was conducted from April to November 2019, with a total of 53 respondents. The measured parameter is the four point PM10 measurement. The sampling technique is systematic random sampling. Instruments using LVAS, thermohygrometer, anemometer, scales and questionnaires. Data analysis uses the environmental risk analysis stage. Result: The concentration of PM10 is 0.152 µg/m3 exceeding the quality standard in accordance with Government Regulation No. 41 of 2009. The value of PM10 exposure by inhalation at point four has a value of RQ> 1, indicating that the exposure is not safe for the community along the Gunung Sarik road so it needs to be done control. Conclusion: The results showed that there was a single point of measurement with the concentration of PM10 in ambient air at Mount Sarik 0.152 µg / m3 passing the quality standard according to Government Regulation No. 41 of 2009, namely 150 µg / m3. The results of the risk analysis RQ> 1, meaning that the exposure is not safe for people who live along Jalan Gunung Sarik and as many as 43 respondents (86%) have symptoms of respiratory problems.  

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Peppy Herawati ◽  
Anggrika Riyanti ◽  
Ageng Pratiwi

ABSTRACTTtransportation is one of the factors that have a major influence in air quality decline. Air pollution is not only happening outside the room and will mobilization activities of motor vehicles, but it can affect air quality in space. One of the pollutant gas produced from vehicles is the concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). This allows an exposure that will impact on public health. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of NO2 air ambient concentration (outdoor) to indoor air (indoor) in Simpang Jelutung Red Lights area. The method used in this study is quantitatif method. Data collection using sampling NO2 concentration in outdoor and indoor. The relationship between outdoor and indoor NO2 concentrations was analyzed using Pearson correlation. This is in line with the small influence of air NO2 concentration in space on public health. Result shows that all of the sample is still categorized either or not passing the air quality standard (150 μg / m3) in Government Regulation Number 41 Year 1999. The correlation analysis result  show relationship NO2 concentration between ambient air (outdoor) to indoor air was 13%, which means that correlation relationship is very weak.  Keywords:     Ambient air, indoor air, NO2 concentration


Author(s):  
Nur Rohmawati ◽  
Retno Andriyani

Brick cumbustion in Kaloran Village uses firewood and corncob as main fuel. Combustion using firewood and corncobs in  burning bricks produce PM2.5 pollutants that can cause health problem including the eyes. Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of ocular surface in symptoms that include discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. This study aims to describe PM2.5 levels in brick combustion and dry eye syndrome events in brick workers in Kaloran Village Ngronggot Nganjuk District in 2017. This research was an observational study with cross sectional design, conducted in May 2017, Using questionnaires, interviews and observations with a large sample of 42 respondents. The PM2.5 measurements use the Haz-Dust EPAM 5000 model for 30 minutes, which is performed three times a day at each point of location. Data collection on the incidence of dry eye syndrome was diagnosed using an OSDI questionnaire. All measurements of PM2.5 exceed the ambient air quality standard of government regulation number 41 of 1999 of (0.065 mg/m3) and There are three measurement result of PM2.5 that exceed the Threshold Limit No 13 of 2011 about Threshold Value of Physical Factors and Chemical Factors in the Work Environment. There are 71.6% workers experience dry eye syndrome. In the results of this study, PM2.5 levels are in place. The advantages and disadvantages of some places that exceed the Threshold Limit and there are workers who experience dry eye syndrome. Keywords: burning bricks, dry eye syndrome, level of  PM2,5


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Anggrika Riyanti ◽  
Peppy Herawati ◽  
Nyimas Hazana Pajriani

Transportation sector has a very big influence in air pollution. Increase the number of vehicles will caused higher air pollution, such as NO2. The increase in ambient air pollution is feared to have an impact on indoor air pollution. This study purposed is to determine the relationship between  NO2 concentration in ambient to indoor air.  This study used kuantitatif methods with purposive sampling for one month in Simpang Pulai Jambi City.  The relationship between NO2 concentration of ambient air and indoor air was analyzed using simple pearson correlation. The result showed that there was no significant relationship between NO2 concentration in ambient to indoor air with correlation value (r) is 0,437.  The highest NO2 concentration found on the third week in ambient 109,139 µg/m3and indoor air 70,133 µg/m3.  From analysis in one month showed that NO2 concentration in Simpang Kawat Jambi City still meet the air quality standard (150 μg / m3) in Government Regulation Number 41 Year 1999 about Air Pollution Control.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Idham Latif

Nelayan merupakan kelompok masyarakat yang rawan kemiskinan,dikarenakan pekerjaannya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi cuaca dan musim. Upaya Pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat nelayan dibidang kesehatan adalah meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas dan jaringannya yang diarahkan pada upaya-upaya kesehatan promotif-preventif dengan focal point keselamatan kerja dan disertai berbagai upaya lain. Untuk menilai permasalahan kesehatan, maka dilakukanlah analisis deskriptif masalah kesehatan masyarakat pesisir desa Karangsong, guna melihat gambaran beberapa masalah kesehatan yang ada. Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif, dengan sampel 384 kepala keluarga dengan teknik pengambilan secara proportional simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa masalah kesehatan masyarakat pesisir desa Karangsong, terutama masih pada masalah kesehatan lingkungan, perilaku dan karakteristik individu. Masalah pelayanan kesehatan relative lebih baik dan aksesibilitas mudah. Untuk peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat pesisir desa Karangsong, maka pemerintah daerah agar lebih meningkatkan pembangunan kesehatan lingkungan. Bagi puskesmas Margadadi perlu meningkatkan upaya promosi. Sedangkan untuk peneliti, perlu dilanjutkan studi analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi derajat kesehatan masyarakat dengan beberapa kasus penyakit yang dominan terjadi di wilayah pesisir Karangsong. Kata Kunci: deskriptif, pesisir, kesehatan masyarakat Fishermen are the vulnerable group to poverty, because his working is strongly influenced by weather conditions and seasons. The Government's efforts to improve the welfare of fishing communities in the health sector is improve health services in health centers and their networks are directed at efforts promotive-preventive safety with work safety focal points and complemented other efforts. To assess health problems, conducted a descriptive analysis of health problem of coastal communities in Karangsong village, in order to see the picture of some existing health problems. The research is a descriptive study, with a sample of 384 heads of households with retrieval technique by proportional simple random sampling. The results showed that the public health problem of coastal Karangsong village, mainly still on environmental health problem, behavior and individual characteristics. Problem of health services is relatively better and easy accessibility. For health status improvement of coastal communities of Karangsong village, the local governments to further enhance of environmental health development. For public health centers Margadadi need to increase health promotional efforts. For the researcher, is necessary to continu the study for analyzes the factors that affect the degree of public health with a few cases of disease that predominantly occurs in coastal areas Karangsong. Keywords: descriptive, coastal, public health


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Apriyanti Sulistiowati ◽  
Eka Wardhani

ABSTRAKSungai Cikijing termasuk ke dalam Sub DAS Citarik melintasi dua wilayah administrasi yaitu Kabupaten Sumedang dan Kabupaten Bandung. Sungai Cikijing menjadi sarana pembuangan air limbah dari aktivitas industri sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran air sungai. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dampak pembuangan air limbah PT. X terhadap 3 aspek yaitu budidaya, kualitas air tanah dan tanah serta kesehatan masyarakat berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 82 Tahun 2001. Kualitas air Sungai Cikijing pada Bulan Januari dan Agustus 2017 mengandung parameter yang tidak memenuhi bakumutu yaitu TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Detergen MBAS, Belerang (H2S), Minyak dan Lemak, Nitrit, Nitrat dan Fenol. Pencemaran yang terjadi di Sungai Cikijing tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kesuburan tanah, karena air Sungai Cikijing tidak dijadikan sumber air irigasi untuk lahan pertanian di lokasi sampling. Analisis kualitas air bersih di lokasi studi diambil dari 2 lokasi dengan membandingkan bakumutu sesuai Permenkes RI No. 492 Tahun 2010. Parameter air sumur di Desa Linggar yang tidak memenuhi bakumutu yaitu kekeruhan, Fe, Mn, dan Zat Organik (KmnO4). Sedangkan di Desa Jelegong parameter kekeruhan, pH, Fe, Mn, dan Zat Organik (KmnO4) tidak memenuhi baku mutu. Kualitas air sumur di kedua lokasi titik pemantauan tidak layak untuk di konsumsi harus dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu sebelum dipergunakan untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari. Sungai Cikijing yang sudah tercemar dikhawatirkan dapat menurunkan kesehatan masyarakat. Data kesehatan masyarakat diperoleh dari Puskesmas Cisempur, Puskesmas Sawah Dadap, dan Puskesmas Rancaekek tahun 2015-2016 menunjukkan bahwa penyakit yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat bukan sebagai akibat dari pencemaran air sungai Cikijing.Kata Kunci: Sungai Cikijing, Industri, PencemaranABSTRACTCikijing River is part of Citarik Sub watershed over two administrative areas of Sumedang and Bandung regencies. Cikijing river become a discharge media by industrial activity and thus potentially cause pollution of river water. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of waste disposal of PT. X against 3 aspects ie cultivation, groundwater and soil quality and public health based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 Year 2001. Cikijing River water quality in January and August 2017 contains parameters that do not meet stream standard these are TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, detergents MBAs, sulfur (H2S), oil and fat, nitrite, nitrate, and phenol. Pollution that occurred in the Cikijing River has no effect on the decline in soil fertility because the Cikijing River water is not used as a source of irrigation water for agricultural land in the sampling location. The analysis of clean water quality in the study sites was taken from 2 locations by comparing standard according to Permenkes RI. 492 of 2010. Water well parameters in Linggar village that do not meet the standard these are turbidity, Fe, Mn, and organic substances (KmnO4). While in Jelegong Village, turbidity, pH, Fe, Mn, and organic (KmnO4) parameters did not meet the quality standard. The quality of the well water at both sites of the monitoring point is not feasible for consumption should be processed first before being used for daily needs. The polluted Cikijing River is feared to reduce public health. Public health data obtained from government public health facilities in Cisempur, Sawah Dadap, and Rancaekek in the year 2015-2016 show that the disease suffered by many people, not as a result of water pollution Cikijing river.Keywords: Cikijing River, Industry, Pollution


2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hasnedi Hasnedi

The coke production process by baking semi-coke briquette in a coke’s bakingoven will produce flue gas and smoke. The same also happens in its utilizationtest in metal foundry kiln known as “tungkik” (plunging) smelting kiln. The gasand smoke predictably contain heavy metals and polluted chemical compoundsthat will pollute the environment and disturbing the health of workers if theirconcentrations pass over defined standard quality level. The objective of thisstudy is to examine the amount of heavy metals and chemical compoundpollutants produced in the process of baking semi-coke to produce coke and inthe utilization of coke as fuel in tungkik kilns. Measurement results show thatheavy metals in the kiln’s chimneys and chambers such as As, Cd, Pb, and Hgcould not actually be detected, while Fe, Na, Al, Ca, and K could be easilydetected. The concentrations of such metals are in the range of: Na = 100-315µg/m3, Al = 215-360 µg/m3, Ca = 786-1330 µg/m3, Fe = 478-2300 µg/m3, and K = 0.25-0.5 µg/m3. Meanwhile pollutants from other chemical compounds in the flue gas are NO2 = 80.7785-83.3725 mg/m3 and SO2 = 10.85-10.98 mg/m3. Pollutantsfrom ambient air are NO2 = 179.11-236.49 µg/Nm3, SO2 = 112.56-256.52 µg/Nm3,CO = 43.80-100.98 µg/Nm3, HC = 0.05-0.64 µg/Nm3, and O3 = 2.8098-19.6065µg/Nm3. The total particle’s content is also low, which is about 0.283 mg/m3 in thecoke baking oven’s chimneys, 0.554 mg/m3 in the tungkik kiln’s chimneys and0.259 mg/m3 in the metal melting locations. Comparison of the measurementresults with that of quality standard defined by the government regulation of theRepublic of Indonesia No.41 Year 1999 about air pollution control, show that theresults is far below the tolerated level. Therefore, the existence of coke bakingoven is still feasible and safe to the environment.Kata kunci: briket kokas, pencemaran lingkungan, logam berat


Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Isra' Suryati ◽  
Hafizhul Khair

This study aims to map the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in Medan city and to estimate the potential reduction in carbon monoxide in some streets of Medan by applying mass transit based on simulation. This research was conducted by sampling CO in the 12 (twelve) points in Medan by grab sampling. CO concentration was analyzed using NDIR methods by CO Monitor tools. The results showed the concentration of CO in Medan between 1145.2 mg/m3 - 27484,7 mg/m3. This condition is still below the national ambient air quality standard of Government Regulation No. 41, 1999 (30,000 mg/m3). Based on the concentration isophlet map that points that have the highest concentration located in the surrounding roadside such as at Jl. SM Raja. To reduction the CO concentration in the ambient air around the roadside is necessary to plan programs and policies related to transportation. If the scenarios or simulation with application of the concept of mass transportation such as BRT CNG and BRT Diesel in some streets of Medan then will be able to reduce CO emissions of about 25.02% to 29.44%.Keywords: vehicle emissions, carbon monoxide, map isophlet, mass transitABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan konsentrasi gas karbon monoksida (CO) di Kota Medan dan melakukan estimasi potensi penurunan karbon monoksida di beberapa ruas jalan Kota Medan dengan menerapkan transportasi massal berbasis simulasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel CO di 12 (dua belas) titik di Kota Medan secara grab sampling. Konsentrasi CO dianalisis menggunakan metode NDIR dengan alat sampling yaitu CO Monitor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi CO di Kota Medan antara 1145,2 mg/m3 27484,7mg/m3. Kondisi ini masih dibawah baku mutu udara ambien nasional Peraturan Pemerintah No. 41 tahun 1999 (30.000 mg/m3). Berdasarkan peta isophlet konsentrasi tersebut bahwa titik-titik yang mempunyai konsentrasi tertinggi berlokasi di sekitar jalan salah satunya seperti di Jl. SM Raja. Untuk menurunkan konsentrasi CO di udara ambien di sekitar jalan perlu dilakukan perencanaan program dan kebijakan terkait transportasi. Apabila dilakukan skenario atau simulasi penerapan konsep transportasi massal berupa BRT CNG dan BRT Diesel di beberapa ruas jalan Kota Medan akan mampu mengurangi beban emisi CO sekitar 25,02% sampai dengan 29,44%.Kata kunci : emisi kendaraan, karbon monoksida, peta isophlet, transportasi massal


2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301
Author(s):  
Dharma Wangsa ◽  
Vera Surtia Bachtiar ◽  
Slamet Raharjo

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji model AERMOD dalam memprediksi sebaran PM10 di udara ambien kawasan PT Semen Padang. Lokasi penelitian sebanyak 32 titik berdasarkan 8 arah mata angin dengan jarak 0,5 km, 1 km, 1,5 km dan 2 km dari PT Semen Padang. Pengukuran PM10 menggunakan EPAM 5000 Real Time Particulate Air Monitor dilanjutkan pemetaan dengan software Surfer 11. Waktu pengukuran dibagi menjadi 4 shift, yaitu shift 1 (00.00 – 05.59 WIB), shift 2 (06.00 – 11.59 WIB), shift 3 (12.00 – 17.59 WIB) dan shift 4 (18.00 – 23.59 WIB). Pengambilan data meteorologi (temperatur udara, tekanan udara, kelembapan, kecepatan angin dan arah angin) menggunakan alat Meteorological Station PCE-FWS-20 untuk input data pada AERMET, dilanjutkan prediksi sebaran PM10 menggunakan software AERMOD View 8.9.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi PM10 dengan EPAM 5000 berkisar antara 21,0 – 79,0 µg/m3 dengan rata-rata 24 jam sebesar 41,7 µg/m3. Konsentrasi PM10 dengan AERMOD berkisar antara 3,5 sampai 68,0 µg/m3 dengan rata-rata 24 jam sebesar 10,6 µg/m3. Jika dibandingkan dengan baku mutu untuk Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, lokasi 11 dengan koordinat S 0°56'52.46" dan E 100°27'41.88"  pada  jarak 1 km kawasan Barat PT Semen Padang tidak memenuhi baku mutu. Model mendekati ideal atau dikatakan sempurna yaitu lokasi arah Timur dan Timur Laut karena elevasi yang lebih tinggi dari sumber emisi dan merupakan arah angin dominan pada siang hari.ABSTRACTThis study aims to test the AERMOD model in predicting the distribution of PM10 in the ambient air of the PT Semen Padang area. The research locations were 32 points based on eight cardinal directions with a radius of 0.5 km, 1 km, 1.5 km, and 2 km from PT Semen Padang. PM10 measurement using EPAM 5000 Real-Time Particulate Air Monitor followed by mapping with Surfer 11 software. The measurement time is divided into four shifts, namely shift 1 (00.00 – 05.59 WIB), shift 2 (06.00 – 11.59 WIB), shift 3 (12.00 – 17.59 WIB), and shift 4 (18.00 – 23.59 WIB). Meteorological data retrieval (air temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed and wind direction) using the Meteorological Station PCE-FWS-20 for data input to AERMET, followed by prediction of PM10 distribution using AERMOD View 8.9.0 software. The results showed that the concentration of PM10 with EPAM 5000 ranged from 21.0 – 79.0 g/m3 with a 24-hour average of 41.7 g/m3. The concentration of PM10 with AERMOD ranged from 3.5 - 68.0 g/m3 with a 24-hour average of 10.6 g/m3. When compared with the quality standard for Government Regulation no. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management, location 11 with coordinates S 0°56'52.46" and E 100°27'41.88" at a distance of 1 km west of PT Semen Padang does not meet the quality standards. The model is close to ideal or is said to be perfect, namely the location of the East and Northeast directions because of the higher elevation of the emission source and the dominant wind direction during the day.


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