Comparative study of amaranth species (Amaranthus spp.) in the temperate continental climate of Russian Federation

Field experiments were carried out in the Chuvash Republic, which is located in the center of the European part of Russia on the banks of the Volga River and has a moderately continental climate with warm summers, cold winters, well-defined transitional seasons and average annual rainfall of 500 mm. There are many cultural and wild species of amaranth in nature, differing in morphological and biological features. The objects of research were four common species of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.): A. cruentus L., A. caudatus L., A. hybridus L., A. spinosus L.. Particular attention in the experiment was paid to the morphological and biological characteristics of plants according to the growth stages during growing season and the formation of the yield of green mass and grain during 3 years of research. As a result of the experiment, the possibility of cultivating a heat-loving amaranth culture in the climatic conditions of the Chuvash Republic was proved and adaptive species for growing green mass (A.cruentus and A.caudatus) and for grain (A.cruentus) were identified.

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Comparative study of amaranth species (Amaranthus spp.) in the temperate continental climate of Russian Federation

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2020.115.1.1281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Oksana DMITRIEVA ◽

Semen IVANOV

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Common Species ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Volga River ◽

Green Mass ◽

Amaranth Species ◽

Chuvash Republic ◽

Continental Climate

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Actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of irrigated lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) under semiarid climate

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2019.1059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Koffi Djaman ◽

Daran R. Rudnick ◽

Yonnelle D. Moukoumbi ◽

Abdoulaye Sow ◽

Suat Irmak

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Dry Season ◽

River Valley ◽

Rice Production ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Research Station ◽

Senegal River ◽

Crop Coefficients

Lowland irrigated rice is the predominant crop produced in the Senegal River Valley characterised by very low annual rainfall, high temperatures, and low relative humidity. The Senegal River is shared by Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, and Guinea, and serves as the main source of irrigation water for the adopted double rice cropping system. Developing appropriate resource management strategies might be the key factor for the sustainability of rice production in the region. This study aims to estimate rice seasonal evapotranspiration (ETa), irrigation water requirement, and to develop rice growth stage specific crop coefficients (Kc) to improve rice water productivity. Field experiments were conducted during the hot and dry seasons in 2014 and 2015 at the AfricaRice research station at Fanaye in Senegal. Irrigation water inputs were monitored and actual crop evapotranspiration was derived using the water balance method. Daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation and the weather variables were collected at the site by an automated weather station. The results showed that the ETo during the hot and dry season from February 15th to June 30th varied from 4.5 to 9.9 mm and from 3.7 to 10.8 mm in 2014 and 2015, respectively, and averaged 6.8 mm d–1 in 2014 and 6.6 mm d–1 in 2015. The seasonal irrigation water amount for the transplanted rice was 1110 mm in 2014 and 1095 mm in 2015. Rice daily ETa varied from 4.7 to 10.5 mm in 2014 and from 4.4 to 10.5 mm in 2015 and averaged 8.17 mm in 2014 and 8.14 mm in 2015. Rice seasonal ETa was 841.5 mm in 2014 and 855.4 mm in 2015. The derived rice Kc values varied from 0.77 to 1.51 in 2014 and 0.85 to 1.50 in 2015. Rice Kc values averaged 1.01, 1.31, and 1.12 for the crop development, mid-season and late season growth stages, respectively. The Kc values developed in this study could be used for water management under rice production during the hot and dry season in the Senegal River Valley.

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Rice phenology and growth simulation using CERES-Rice model under the agro-climate of upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v67i3.1374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 591-598

Author(s):

R. L. DEKA ◽

R. HUSSAIN ◽

K. K. SINGH ◽

A. K. BAXLA ◽

V. U. M. RAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Strategic Decision ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Growth Simulation ◽

Brahmaputra Valley ◽

Agricultural Planning ◽

Tactical Decisions

Crop growth simulation models, properly validated against experimental data have the potential for facilitating strategic decision making in agriculture. Such validated models can also make use of the information generated for site specific experiments and trials to other sites and for different time durations. For proper calibration and evaluation of crop simulation models, there is a need for collection of a comprehensive minimum set of data on soil, weather and crop management in all agronomic experiments. Keeping this in view, data from seven field experiments conducted at Jorhat (26° 47' N, 94°12' E; 87 m amsl) during 1998-2005 for long duration rice cultivar Ranjit grown under rainfed conditions were collected. Genetic coefficients required for running the CERES-Rice v4.5 model were derived and the performance of the model under the climate of upper Brahmaputra valley was evaluated. These results indicate that the CERES Rice v4.5 model is capable of estimating growth stages and grain yield of rice cultivar Ranjit in the climatic conditions of upper Brahmaputra valley with reasonable accuracy. Hence, the model have the potential for its use as a tool in making various strategic and tactical decisions related to agricultural planning in the state.

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Effect of increasing doses of nitrogen and sulphur on chemical composition of plants, yields and seed quality in winter rape

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4197-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

L. Hřivna ◽

R. Richter ◽

T. Lošák ◽

J. Hlušek

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Synergetic Effect ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Individual Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Winter Rape ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Number Of Branches

In 1999, the effect of increasing levels of nitrogen at the initial (13.9 mg.kg–1) and increased (40 mg.kg–1) level of watersoluble sulphur (Swat) was studied in winter rape (cv. Lirajet) grown in pots. A synergetic effect of nitrogen on concentrations of Ca and Mg was demonstrated in the growth stages DC 20–29 and 31–39. Levels of P and K were balanced. In variants with a low content of Swat in soil to 40 mg.kg–1 of soil S concentration increased. With the increasing dose of N the content of S decreased from 1.00% to 0.78% and from 0.68% to 0.38% in DC 20–29 and DC 31–39, respectively. An increased level of S in soil changed the ratio N/S. In variants with a natural (i.e. low) content of S in soil, this ratio widened with the increasing dose of N from 8.06 to 25.15 while in variants with an increased level of S in soil it ranged from 3.24 to 5.85 in the growth stage DC 20–29. Increasing doses of N widened the ratio N/P regardless to concentration of S in plants. In individual growth stages the ratio P/S was markedly narrowed by changing contents of S in soil. The highest yields were obtained in the variant with an optimum concentration of all elements in plants and S contents above 0.6% and/or about 0.4% in growth stages DC 20–29 and DC 31–39, respectively. The obtained yields demonstrated a highly significant effect of N and S on seed yields. At a low concentration of sulphur in plants the yield of seed increased only to the dose N3(i.e. 0.9 g N per pot); thereafter, it gradually decreased. An increased level of S in soil showed a positive effect on seed yields. Higher doses of N widened the ratio straw/seeds from 2.46 to 7.69; at higher levels of S in soil, an opposite trend was observed. In variants with a low content of S the number of branches and pods increased proportionally with increasing doses of N. On the other hand, increased levels of S reduced the number of branches and pods. At a low level of S in soil the total weight of seeds per pod decreased with the increased supply of N from 69.9 mg to 20.4 mg. At increased levels of S the weight of seeds per pod increased from 61.9 mg to 79.8 mg. Results of field experiments in four different localities corroborated a positive effect of S (in interaction with N) on its concentration in plants. The seed yield was significantly increased. In 2000, results from all localities were markedly influenced by climatic conditions; however average results of all experiments showed that S increased seed yields depending on the dose of N by 2.5 and 5.9%. An optimum nutrition of plants with all elements (including S) results in improved utilisation and increased yields.

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Contribution of phase durations to canola (Brassica napus L.) grain yields in the High Rainfall Zone of southern Australia

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp15213 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 359 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Penny Riffkin ◽

Brendan Christy ◽

Garry O'Leary ◽

Debra Partington

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Positive Association ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Winter Canola ◽

High Rainfall

In the High Rainfall Zone (HRZ) of southern Australia, long-season winter canola types have been commercially available only since 2011. Experiments in this region show that these varieties can provide improvements in grain yield over spring types of >20% because of their ability to make better use of the longer growing season. However, within this longer crop duration, the optimum length and timings of the critical growth phases to maximise grain production are unknown. Data from eight field experiments conducted between 2010 and 2014 at Hamilton, in the HRZ of south-western Victoria, were analysed to determine whether different phases within the crop’s life cycle vary in their contribution to grain yield and, if so, how this is influenced by climatic conditions. The dataset provided 536 genotype–environment–management combinations including 60 varieties ranging in total crop duration from 186 to 236 days. Over the 5 years, seasons were highly variable with annual rainfall ranging between 479 and 981 mm and spring rainfall (September–November) between 84 and 199 mm. The range of crop maturity types (i.e. winter and spring types) and environmental conditions provided a wide spread in growth, development and grain yield. The analysis showed a positive association between longer duration from flowering to maturity and grain yield, and showed that the duration was influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Pre-flowering reserves made an important contribution to grain yield, and remobilisation of reserves from the pre-flowering period was greatest for winter types, presumably due to less favourable conditions for growth during grain-filling. Optimising flowering to produce sufficient pre-flowering reserves for remobilisation while ensuring that environmental conditions post-flowering are such that the grain-filling duration is maximised may provide a strategy to increase yields in this environment.

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Decorative values and the nutritional status of some Magnolia L. species under the climatic conditions of Lublin (Poland) Part. I. Decorative values of the plants

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2012.066 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 125-132

Author(s):

Zenia Michałojć ◽

Zbigniew Jarosz

Keyword(s):

Botanical Garden ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

The North ◽

Long Shoots ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The City ◽

Continental Climate

Six species of Magnolia L., growing in the Botanical Garden of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin which is located on the north-western outskirts of the city of Lublin, were studied during the period 2006-2008. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of leaf and flower development in these Magnolia species under the climatic and soil conditions of Lublin as well as to evaluate the size of their leaves and long shoots. The present study included the following species: M. acuminata L., M. kobus DC, M. liliiflora Desr., M. salicifolia Siebold et Zuch, M. x soulangiana Soul.- -Bod., and M. tripetala L. The magnolia trees were planted in 1968-1989 on grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loess. The study area is affected by the continental climate which is characterized by large annual amplitude of temperatures, long summers as well as long and cold winters. The long-term average annual air temperature for this region is 8.1oC, while the long-term average annual rainfall reaches 541.6 mm. The obtained results showed that, among the Magnolia species studied, M. salicifolia flowered earliest under the climatic and soil conditions of Lublin, while M. tripetala was the last to bloom. Full leaf development, on average for the study period, was recorded earliest in M. salicifolia and M. liliiflora, whereas it occurred latest in M. tripetala. The leaves of M. tripetala were characterized by the greatest length and width, while the smallest leaves were recorded in M. kobus. M. liliiflora was found to show the smallest annual shoot increments and the lowest number of leaves.

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FODDER PRODUCTIVITY OF OATS VARIETIES AND LINES IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TRIAL IN THE FAR EAST AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2021/3/50-53 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 50-53

Author(s):

I. B. Trifuntova ◽

T. А. Aseeva

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Far East ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Green Mass ◽

The Far East ◽

Far Eastern

A study of the fodder productivity of varieties and selection lines of spring oats was carried out. Field experiments were laid in a competitive study nursery in the fields of a selection crop rotation of the Far East Agricultural Research Institute in 2016-2020. As a result of studying the fodder productivity of oats, varieties and breeding lines were identified: Marshal, Cardinal, Peredovik, Far Eastern fodder, Far Eastern gold 437-05, 392-15, 474-14, combining high grain productivity (from 8.0 t/ha to 8.9 t/ha), green mass (from 79.8 t/ha to 90.3 t/ha) and dry matter (from 11.1 t/ha to 12.8 t/ha). It was found that the duration of the sprouting-sweeping phase depended on the average daily air temperature (r = -0.697) and the amount of precipitation (r = 0.847). Leafiness of plants (r = 0.521), due to the size of leaves (r = 0.643), made a significant contribution to the formation of the yield of green mass in our studies. A positive relationship has been established between productive tillering and grain yield (r = 0.532), green mass yield (r = 0.548), and dry matter collection (r = 0.511). An indirect role in the formation of the yield of green mass of oats is played by plant height (r = 0.451) and lodging resistance (r = 0.421). The yield of green mass of oats in the soil and climatic conditions of the Far East region depends to a greater extent on the leaf area (r = 0.621) than on the plant height (r = 0.451).

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Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12070927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 927

Author(s):

Jamshad Hussain ◽

Tasneem Khaliq ◽

Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽

Asmat Ullah ◽

Ishfaq Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Arid Region ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Seasonal Temperature ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Rcp 8.5 ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

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Improved Rice Technology Adoption: The Role of Spatially-Dependent Risk Preference

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 691

Author(s):

Omotuyole Isiaka Ambali ◽

Francisco Jose Areal ◽

Nikolaos Georgantzis

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Risk Preferences ◽

Risk Preference ◽

Probit Model ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Yield ◽

Risk Attitudes ◽

Policy Action ◽

Rice Varieties

This study analyses farmers’ adoption of improved rice technology, taking into account farmers’ risk preferences; the unobserved spatial heterogeneity associated with farmers’ risk preferences; farmers’ household and farm characteristics; farm locations, farmers’ access to information, and their perceptions on the rice improved varieties (i.e., high yield varieties, HYV). The study used data obtained from field experiments and a survey conducted in 2016 in Nigeria. An instrumental-variable probit model was estimated to account for potential endogenous farmers’ risk preference in the adoption decision model. Results show that risk averse (risk avoidant) farmers are less likely to adopt HYV, with the spatial lags of farmers’ risk attitudes found to be a good instrument for spatially unobserved variables (e.g., environmental and climatic factors). We conclude that studies supporting policy action aiming at the diffusion of improved rice varieties need to collect information, if possible, on farmers’ risk attitudes, local environmental and climatic conditions (e.g., climatic, topographic, soil quality, pest incidence) in order to ease the design and evaluation of policy actions on the adoption of improved agricultural technology.

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SPAD Leaf Greenness Index: Green Mass Yield Indicator of Maize (Zea mays L.), Genetic and Agriculture Practice Relationship

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 830

Author(s):

Piotr Szulc ◽

Jan Bocianowski ◽

Kamila Nowosad ◽

Waldemar Zielewicz ◽

Joanna Kobus-Cisowska

Keyword(s):

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Group Method ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Arithmetic Means ◽

Stay Green ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Green Mass ◽

The Impact ◽

Leaf Greenness ◽

Greenness Index

The study presents the results of two field studies (Experiment I, Experiment II), whose aim was to assess the impact of agriculture factors on maize green mass and leaf greenness index (Soil and Plant Analysis Development, SPAD) in critical growth stages, as well as to determine the relationship between the SPAD index and the yield of green maize for ensiling. It was shown that thermal and humidity conditions in maize growing seasons determined the value of the SPAD leaf greenness index and the yield of maize harvested for silage. Row application of mineral fertilizer (N, NP) and selection of “stay-green” varieties guarantee a higher yield of maize green mass. Growing maize in direct sowing reduces chlorophyll content expressed in SPAD units, thereby reducing plant nitrogen condition, which significantly decreases the yield of biomass intended for silage. The SPAD leaf greenness index determined in critical stages of maize growth can be considered as a yield predictor of green mass for ensiling. The examined maize cultivars were divided into two groups on the basis of hierarchically grouping using the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means. The first group comprised cultivars SY Cooky and Drim “stay-green,” while the second one included cultivars ES Paroli “stay-green” and ES Palazzo.

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