scholarly journals Public-Private Partnerships and the Healthcare Sector Performance in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 339-362
Author(s):  
Michael Munyoki ◽  
Tabitha Nasieku
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
The Government

Healthcare is one of the fundamental development agenda to any nation and its adequate provision in an accessible, quality and sustainable manner is the supreme responsibility of the state. However, the burden of healthcare cannot be met by the government alone, but requires substantial investment from the private sector as well. This article reviews the existing empirical literature to examine the contribution of private investment on the healthcare sector performance in Kenya. Existing evidence shows that there is minimal private-public partnership in the health sector in Kenya. The main factors inhibiting private-public partnership investment in the sector were attributed to the uncertainty associated with universal healthcare. Further, the scheme is characterised by an overall lack of transparency and accountability surrounding contracts, costing and allocations with many of the safeguards against these kinds of challenges blatantly ignored by several actors and in turn raising issues of accessibility for citizens. Also, private sector credit and political regimes have a negative but significant influence on private investments generally.

Corrupt Practices in the Public Health Sector: A Focus on Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustapha Namadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Sector ◽  
The Government

Corruption is pervasive in Nigeria at all levels. Thus, despite recent gains in healthcare provision, the health sector faces numerous corruption related challenges. This study aims at examining areas of corruption in the health sector with specific focus on its types and nature. A sample size of 480 respondents aged 18 years and above was drawn from the eight Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, using the multistage sampling technique. The results revealed evidence of corrupt practices including those related to unnecessary-absenteeism, diversion of patients from the public health facilities to the private sector, diverting money meant for the purchase of equipment, fuel and diesel, bribery, stealing of medications, fraud, misappropriation of medications and unjustifiable reimbursement claims. In order to resolve the problem of corrupt practices in the healthcare sector, the study recommended the need for enforcement of appropriate code of ethics guiding the conduct of the health professionals, adoption of anti-corruption strategies, and strengthening the government monitoring system to check corruption in public health sector in order to ensure equitable access to healthcare services among the under-privileged people in the society.

scholarly journals Is the Private Sector more Productive than the Public Sector?

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4II) ◽  
pp. 721-729
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government

In developing countries the rapid growth of the public sector during the past few decades was viewed as an important means for accelerating the pace of economic growth. In most developing countries the public sector now accounts for a prominent share of total production and investment. But the contribution of the public sector to growth has been much below expectations. In many cases public enterprises require large subsidies from the government and impose a significant fiscal burden on the economy, which leads to the notion that the private sector is much more productive than the public sector. However, little empirical work has been done in this field so that the proposals that emphasize the private sector vis-a-vis the public sector rest largely on theoretical considerations. Recent work by Khan and Reinhart (1990) is an important exception. Using cross-section data for the seventies of 24 developing countries they show that the arguments favouring the private sector in adjustment programmes have empirical support. Khan and Reinhart estimate a growth model in which the effect of private and public investment on growth is separated. A comparison of the marginal productivities of the two types of investment allows them to conclude that "all in all, there does seem to be some merit in the key role assigned to private investment in the development process by supporters of market -based strategies". [Khan and Reinhart (1990), p. 25.]

Kenya development outlook shifts to the private sector

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Convergence Criteria ◽  
East African ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Export Revenue ◽  
Big Four

Subject Kenya budgetary and fiscal outlook. Significance In February, the government released its 2018 medium-term budget policy statement (BPS), which fleshed out the strategies for achieving President Uhuru Kenyatta’s ‘Big Four’ policy priorities -- his major legacy-setting development agenda for his final term in office. The BPS signals a shift from the administration’s previous heavy focus on public sector-led development to greater private sector involvement, as well as an emphasis on providing basic social goods. This stance could also support plans to reduce the fiscal deficit to 3% of GDP by 2022. However, prospects for success will depend on whether the government delivers on promises to review stifling caps on commercial lending rates. Impacts Better fiscal metrics among East African peers may push Nairobi to speed progress towards the bloc’s macroeconomic convergence criteria. The apparent truce between Kenyatta and opposition leader Raila Odinga could help cement resurgent business sentiment. The government will be the proximate beneficiary of interest rate cuts as it struggles with a debt-service ratio of 54% of export revenue.

Public Private Partnership in Infrastructure - Roads Sector in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. P. K. Sinha ◽  
Ms. Sanchari Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Private Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Sector Involvement

Public Private Partnership (PPP) has emerged as a key prospective for involving the private sector in the provision of infrastructure and other public services. There is a room for debate as to whether private sector involvement necessarily implies private finance. The term PPP could cover situations where private investment is brought, to improve the efficiency of public expenditure and private finance. PPP are not vehicles for privatizing public services since the Government retains full political accountability for the services. They simply are the means by which the Government can use what private sector offers to improve its own performance. It is done by establishing own arrangements often through legally binding contracts that will bring benefit to both sectors. The private sector needs to earn return on its ability to invest and perform. The Government should therefore look very carefully at PPPs, because if economic advancement can be made via infrastructure improvements, it may meet any increased cost of involving the private sector. This article brings an overview of the PPP terminology in infrastructure with emphasis on the roads sector. It highlights on the framework and sectoral overview of road sector in the light of PPP process and phases.

Health of a Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Debasish Roy Chowdhury ◽  
John Keane
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

This chapter discusses India’s health system. The Indian Constitution upholds the right of its citizens to enjoy human dignity. The country’s Supreme Court has ruled that this means the right to health is integral to the right to life and the government has a constitutional obligation to provide health facilities. But healthcare is not a fundamental right in India. There is no universal healthcare system. Instead, it has a three-tiered health system, in which the poorest go to the notionally free and suitably ramshackle public hospitals; the rich and upper middle classes access super-specialty private hospitals with hotel-like lobbies and air-conditioned suites, respectful doctors, and state-of the-art equipment; and the rest resort to low-to-middle-end private nursing homes that are a scaled-down version of the five-star corporate hospitals. The Covid-19 outbreak laid bare the denial of decent medical attention to the poor by this long-tolerated caste system of public healthcare. The chapter then looks at the relationship between democracy and healthcare. The commonplace belief that representative democracy forces competition for popular support that in turn makes contenders for power more responsive to citizens’ healthcare needs is shown not to apply to India. India’s pathetic public healthcare system and its mercenary private healthcare sector present a troubling anomaly to statistical conclusions that democracy is the nurse of good health. The murderous inequity of its healthcare system speaks of a democracy that celebrates the equality of its people and their votes, even while treating their bodies as unequal.

scholarly journals PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP: ALTERNATIF PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DALAM NEGRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmi Dzakky
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Private Sector Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Entities

Sebagai regulator dan fasilitator proyek infrastruktur Indonesia, Pemerintah telah mengundang partisipasi sektor swasta melalui pengaturan Public Private Partnership (PPP) atau yang dikenal juga dengan Kerjasama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU). Kemitraan Pemerintah-Swasta umumnya dicirikan oleh entitas sektor swasta yang mengumpulkan dana untuk membangun aset yang dibutuhkan oleh Pemerintah, dan menyediakan fasilitas atau layanan sebagai imbalan aliran pendapatan kontraktual dari Pemerintah atau pengguna. Hal ini disebabkan PPP dikatakan efektif untuk dijadikan alternatif pembangunan infrastruktur di dalam negeri. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis mengenai eksistensi PPP sebagai unsur alternatif pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia, dilihat dari aspek hukum dan implementasinya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh adalah Pemerintah harus berupaya untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas kontrak dan perbaikan skema PPP sehingga dapat menarik investor turut membantu pemerintah pada agenda pembangunan infrastruktur dalam negeri.Kata Kunci: PPP, infrastruktur, pembangunanABSTRACTAs the regulator and facilitator of Indonesian infrastructure projects, the Government has invited private sector participation through the regulation of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) or also known as Government Cooperation with Business Entities (KPBU). Government-Private Partnerships are generally characterized by private sector entities that raise funds to build assets required by the Government and provide facilities or services in exchange for a contractual revenue stream from the Government or users. This is because PPP is said to be effective to be an alternative to infrastructure development in the country. This paper will analyze the existence of PPP as an alternative element of infrastructure development in Indonesia, judging by the legal aspects and its implementation. The method used is normative legal research method using literature study. The result obtained is that the Government should strive to be able to improve the quality of contracts and improve PPP schemes to attract investors to help the government on the domestic infrastructure development agenda. Keyword: PPP, infrastructure, development

scholarly journals Towards An Effective Legal And Regulatory Framework for Public-Private Partnerships in Malaysia: Lessons From the South African Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak T Adekilekun ◽  
C. C. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
South African ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The South ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors

In order to ensure a sustained cooperation with both the local and international private investors in Malaysia especially in the provision of public infrastructure, the government needs to develop very strong legal and regulatory capabilities which will help in providing stable institutional environment for private investment. At the same time, there is the need for commitment on the part of government to the regulatory rules so that they are perceived as credible by investors. Where the legal regime is weak or non-existent, private investment decisions will be adversely affected. No doubt, South Africa has developed one of the best legal and regulatory regimes for efficient procurement systems in the world and the project pipelines have greatly increased in recent times. This article therefore, examines the existing legal framework for Public-Private Partnership procurement in Malaysia and draws lessons from the South African legal regime. The article finally argues that for Malaysia to continue to attract and expand its investment atmosphere for the private sector there is the need for a clear and transparent legal and regulatory procurement framework which can seriously help in building confidence in the private sector and also guarantee their investment returns.

scholarly journals Features of the Institute of professional liability insurance for medical workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
O. V. Averyanova ◽  
S. I. Andreev ◽  
Yu. A. Prokudin ◽  
S. L. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Professional Liability ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The features of the institute of professional liability insurance of medical workers are analyzed where, medical activity is a special object of legal regulation. Medical law has become a real phenomenon in the science of law, which is associated with the activities of the Government of the Russian Federation to carry out a large number of reforms in the health sector. However, the closed medical community introduces a number of difficulties in the development and implementation of ongoing reforms. The growth of the legal culture of the population as a whole requires the development and preparation of professional protection and support of the medical community. Based on the ongoing reforms of the health insurance system, the question of studying measures to ensure the professional responsibility of medical activities is raised particularly urgently. Given the specifics of the legal relationship, the doctor is the patient, in which the medical institution, in the conditions of which the medical services were provided, is obligatory involved in the medical institution, the right to have regressive claims in this institution if the patients claims are satisfied is quite obvious. It becomes obvious the need for professional liability insurance of medical workers, which is able to ensure financial stability not only of a medical institution, but also of every employee in the healthcare sector, and in the first place - to be a guarantee of the future for young professionals.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF PAKISTAN: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE PERIOD OF 1976 – 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Majid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Adf Test

The paper aims to examine empirically the nexus between foreign direct investment, domestic investments and economic growth in Pakistan by using time series data. An OLS technique is used to analyze the relationship between FDI, Public & Private investment, Personal remittances with gross domestic products panning from 1976-2016. For a data to be stationary, ADF test has been used and validated that all variables are stationary at level. Results of the study shows that both public and private sector investment are positively related with GDP but Public sector investment have an insignificant effect on GDP, while FDI found inversely and insignificantly correlated with GDP. Personal remittances (PR) relate negatively and have a significant impact on GD. Private investment are found to be the most significant variable which can effect GDP, showing that private investment can fueled economic growth of Pakistan. Hence, the Government of Pakistan needs to formulate such a policy frame work, which focuses on private sector investment in order to enhance economic growth.

Milestones of Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Training

This chapter addresses halal-related developments in Malaysia, and in particular highlights the following: halal standards, halal certificates, halal parks, and disparity issues in the management of halal industry. According to an industry specialist, Malaysia is the only country in the Muslim world where the halal industry development agenda is also backed by the government, which translates into the existence of a unique ecosystem that allows a synergy between the private and public sectors. In this ecosystem, the private-sector players focus on production, manufacturing, and services, while the public agencies facilitate and coordinate the industry’s progress by providing certification and training.

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