scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of ESBL Gene in Citrobacter Spp and Antibacterial Activity of Omega-3 Against Resistant Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Mayyada Farhan Darwees
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Esbl Producers

AbstractThis study aimed to investigated the prevalence and resistance pattern of different Citrobacter species phenotypically and genotypically to β-lactam and some most common antibiotics then evaluate the antibacterial activity of omega-3 extracted from flaxseed against isolates that harboring resistance genes. 19 Citrobacter isolates were isolated from100 stool and urine samples taken from patients attended to AL-Sadar Hospital during June-December 2016. Clinical samples were cultured on specific media, thereafter isolates were identified depending on morphological, biochemical characteristics and VITK-2. The results showed that the Citrobacter comprise 24% of isolated bacteria which divided into 11 (14.1%) were C. freundii, 5 (6.41%) C. kosaeri and C. farmeri were 3 (3.8%). The antagonistic activity was evaluated by observing a clear zone of inhibition growth, the results showed that all Citrobacter (100%) isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, cefoxitin and sensitive to Imipinim, also the isolates showed different degrees of resistant to β-lactam antibiotics initially. By confirmatory test the results observed 17/19 (89.4%) isolated were ESBL producers finally using PCR technique to detect bla–genes (blaCTX-M, OXA, SHV and Z). The results revealed that 14/17 (82.3) of potential ESBL producing Citrobacter were harbor one or more of ESBL genes they included 10 of C. freundii and 4 of C. koseri. The extraction of essential fatty acid semicarbazide (omega-3) from Linum usitatissium (Flax seed) were tested to evaluate their activity against resistant isolates, results explained broad spectrum antibacterial property of EFASC compounds against resistant bacteria. In conclusion, this study found increase prevalence of MDR Citrobacter spp as causative agents in clinical cases. Considering antibacterial activity of EFASC, it was observed highly activity against resistant pathogens deservedly, therefore attention must be paid to development their used as alternative antibiotics.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of ESBL gene in Citrobacter spp. and antibacterial activity of omega-3 against resistant isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Mayyada F. Darweesh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and resistance pattern of different Citrobacter spp., phenotypically and genotypically, to β-lactam antibiotics, then to evaluate the antibacterial activity of omega-3 extracted from flaxseed against isolates that harboring resistance genes. Herein, 19 Citrobacter isolates were isolated from 100 stool and urine samples taken from patients attended to AL-Sadar Hospital during June- December 2016. Clinical samples were then cultured on specific media, thereafter, isolates were identified depending on morphological, biochemical characteristics and VITK-2. The results showed that the Citrobacter spp. comprise 19/78 (24%) of positive bacterial growth on macConky agar, from which 14.1% were C. freundii, C. koseri represented 6.1% and C. farmeri were 3.8% of the total. The results of antibiotic susceptibility showed that all Citrobacter 100% isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin, but were sensitive to imipinim. Moreover, the isolates initally showed different degrees of resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Furthermore, by confirmatory test, the results observed that 17/19 (89.4%) of the isolated were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL - producers). Finally, using the PCR technique to detect blaGenes, the results revealed that 14/17 (82.3) of potential ESBL producing Citrobacter harbored one or more ESBL genes. These included 10 isolates of C. freundii and 4 isolates of C. koseri. In related work, extracts of essential fatty acid semicarbazide - omega3 (EFASC) from Linum usitatissium (Flaxseed) were tested to evaluate their activity against resistant isolates. The results demonstrate the broad spectrum antibacterial property of EFASC compounds against resistant bacteria. In conclusion, this study found increase prevalence of multi-drug resistance MDR Citrobacter spp. as causative agents in clinical cases. Considering the antibacterial activity of EFASC that displayed high activity against resistant pathogens, deservedly, attention must be paid to developing their use as alternative antibiotics.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASES-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Abdullah Al-Hammadi ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
Abdulaziz Qaid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Esbl Producers

The emergence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli in clinical isolates is posing a serious threat for treating nosocomial infections. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens in several teaching and general hospitals in Sana'a city, Yemen, and to compare the phenotypic methods used for the characterization of ESBL producing strains. This cross sectional observational study was conducted from 1st July to 28th of August 2017, at the Department of Medical microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology in Sana'a city, Yemen.  A total number of 3500 various clinical samples were analyzed during the study period. Escherichia coli were identified using API 20E system and ESBL detection was carried out using double-disk synergy test (DDST) and CLSI confirmatory test. Escherichia coli were isolated from 100 samples, out of which 63 (63%) were ESBL producers and 37 (37%) were non-ESBL producers. The gender distribution of ESBL producing Escherichia coli was 35/45 (77.8%) in males and 28/55 (50.9%) in females. Highest frequency of ESBL producing Escherichia coli was detected in sputum (100%), wounds (83.3%) and urine (65.7%) samples. Comparison of DDST and CLSI confirmatory test showed that 65 (65%) isolates were characterized by DDST and 63 (63%) using CLSI confirmatory test. All ESBL-positive isolates were susceptible to imipenem, indicating that this agent is the best drug for treating serious infections caused by ESBL-producing E. coli.  In conclusion, the present study shows moderately high frequency of ESBL producing Escherichia coli among patients suffering from sepsis in tertiary hospitals in Sana'a city. DDST was found to be less efficient in ESBL detection as compared to CLSI confirmatory test.

scholarly journals Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative isolates from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryatara Shilpakar ◽  
Mehraj Ansari ◽  
Kul Raj Rai ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Shiba Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background The existence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), is on rise across the globe and is becoming a severe problem. Knowledge of the prevalence and antibiogram profile of such isolates is essential to develop an appropriate treatment methodology. This study aimed to study the prevalence of Gram-negative isolates exhibiting ESBL at a tertiary care hospital and study their antibiogram profile. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal, from June 2018 to November 2018. A total of 770 clinical samples were collected and identified using the conventional biochemical tests following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the standardized Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The screening test for ESBL producers was performed as recommended by the CLSI and the confirmatory test was performed phenotypically using the E-test. Results Out of the 92 isolates, 84 (91.3%) were multidrug-resistant, and 47 (51.1%) were found to be potential ESBL producers. Of these, 16 isolates were confirmed ESBL producers by the E-test. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant isolates and were also the major ESBL producers. Besides polymyxin B (100% sensitive), meropenem and imipenem showed high efficacy against the ESBL producers. Conclusion Multidrug resistance was very high; however, ESBL production was low. Polymyxin B and carbapenems are the choice of drugs against ESBL producers but should be used only as the last line drugs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of MDR and ESBL producing Gram-negative isolates from various clinical samples from patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryatara Shilpakar ◽  
Mehraj Ansari ◽  
Kul Raj Rai ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Shiba Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract BackgroundThe existence of multi-drug resistance organisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), is on the rise and is becoming a severe problem. Knowledge of the prevalence and antibiogram profile of such isolates is essential to develop an appropriate treatment methodology. This study aimed to study the prevalence of Gram-negative isolates exhibiting ESBL at a tertiary care hospital and study their antibiogram profile.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal, from June 2018 to November 2018. A total of 770 clinical samples were collected and identified by using the conventional biochemical tests following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The screening test for ESBL producers was performed as recommended by the CLSI and the confirmatory test was performed phenotypically using the E-test.ResultsOut of 92 isolates, 84 (91.3%) isolates were multidrug resistant, and 47 (51.1%) isolates were found to be potential ESBL producers. Of these, 16 isolates were confirmed ESBL producers by the E-test. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant isolates and were also the major ESBL producers. Besides polymyxin B (100% sensitive), meropenem and imipenem showed high efficacy against the ESBL producers.ConclusionMultidrug resistance was very high, however, ESBL production was low. Polymyxin B and carbapenems are the choice of drugs against ESBL producers but should be used only as the last line drugs.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Mousumi Karmaker ◽  
Md. Abul Khair ◽  
Una Jessica Sarker ◽  
Rabeya Nahar Ferdous ◽  
Sa’dia Tasnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most widespread gram-negative microorganisms identified in the clinical samples and most common causes of hospital acquired infection. P. aeruginosa is affecting both indoor and outdoor patients throughout the world. Due to frequent mutation in          P. aeruginosa highly resistant strain developed rapidly. The aim of the study to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa species in different samples isolated from a Tertiary care Hospital as well as determination their diverse antibiotic resistance pattern. This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine in-vitro resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates to common antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method. Various clinical samples were collected from Bangladesh Health Sciences Hospital (BIHS) General Hospital, Dhaka. This research was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS). Isolation, identification and antibiogram were performed for P. aeruginosa following standard microbiological laboratory procedure. A total of 218 P. aeruginosa were isolated from 3062 different clinical specimens which are statistically significant (p<0.0001). Among the highest number of P. aeruginosa were isolated from outdoor patients 140 compare to Indoor patients which are significantly higher (p <0.013). In this study Male (68.3%) are more vulnerable to P. aeruginosa infection compare to females (31.7%) which is also statistically significant. Young people (less than 35 years) were more susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection which is also statistically significant (p< 0.01). The highest number of P. aeruginosa was isolated from wound (43.12%), followed by pus (40.33%), sputum (8.71%) urine (7.80%). The maximum number of P. aeruginosa in various samples was resistant to aztreonam and co-tromoxazole followed by cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems. The most sensitive antibiotic was colistin of followed by gentamycin and tetracycline. To control the spread of resistant bacteria, it is disparagingly vital to have stringent antibiotic guidelines. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa requires to be continuously monitored in specialized clinical units and the results readily made available to the clinicians to minimize the resistance.

scholarly journals Purification and characterization of nisin P produced by a strain of Streptococcus gallolyticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdu Aldarhami ◽  
Arif Felek ◽  
Vikram Sharma ◽  
Mathew Upton
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Peptide Sequencing ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Streptococcus Gallolyticus

Introduction. Against the backdrop of increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics, bacteriocins represent an attractive alternative, given their potent activity, novel modes of action and perceived lack of issues with resistance. Aim. In this study, the nature of the antibacterial activity of a clinical isolate of Streptococcus gallolyticus was investigated. Methods. Optimization of the production of an inhibitor from strain AB39 was performed using different broth media and supplements. Purification was carried out using size exclusion, ion exchange and HPLC. Gel diffusion agar overlay, MS/MS, de novo peptide sequencing and genome mining were used in a proteogenomics approach to facilitate identification of the genetic basis for production of the inhibitor. Results. Strain AB39 was identified as representing Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus and the successful production and purification of the AB39 peptide, named nisin P, with a mass of 3133.78 Da, was achieved using BHI broth with 10 % serum. Nisin P showed antibacterial activity towards clinical isolates of drug-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae . In addition, the peptide exhibited significant stability towards high temperature, wide pH and certain proteolytic enzymes and displayed very low toxicity towards sheep red blood cells and Vero cells. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first production, purification and characterization of nisin P. Further study of nisin P may reveal its potential for treating or preventing infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, or those evading vaccination regimens.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate Derived from Allium spp. against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Human Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sorlozano-Puerto ◽  
Maria Albertuz-Crespo ◽  
Isaac Lopez-Machado ◽  
Juan Jose Ariza-Romero ◽  
Alberto Baños-Arjona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria

Background. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro antibacterial activity of two compounds derived from Alliaceae, PTS (propyl-propane-thiosulfinate), and PTSO (propyl-propane-thiosulfonate), with that of other antibiotics commonly used against bacteria isolated from humans. Materials and Methods. A total of 212 gram-negative bacilli and 267 gram-positive cocci isolated from human clinical samples and resistant to at least one group of antibiotics were selected. In order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) to various antibiotics as well as PTS and PTSO, all isolates underwent broth microdilution assay. Results. PTS showed moderate activity against Enterobacteriaceae with MIC50 (and MBC50) and MIC90 (and MBC90) values of 256-512 mg/L, while PTSO showed greater activity with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 64-128 mg/L and MBC50 and MBC90 values of 128-512 mg/L. These data show the bactericidal activity of both compounds and indicate that PTSO was more active than PTS against this group of bacteria. Both compounds showed lower activity against P. aeruginosa (MIC50 = 1024 mg/L, MIC90 = 2048 mg/L, MBC50 = 2048 mg/L, and MBC90 = 2048 mg/L, for PTS; MIC50 = 512 mg/L, MIC90 = 1024 mg/L, MBC50 = 512 mg/L, and MBC90 = 2048 mg/L, for PTSO) compared to those obtained in others nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (MIC50 = 128 mg/L, MIC90 = 512 mg/L, MBC50 = 128 mg/L, and MBC90 = 512 mg/L, for PTS; MIC50 = 64 mg/L, MIC90 = 256 mg/L, MBC50 = 64 mg/L, and MBC90 = 256 mg/L, for PTSO) and also indicate the bactericidal activity of both compounds against these groups of bacteria. Finally, the activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. agalactiae was higher than that observed against enterobacteria, especially in the case of PTSO (MIC50 = 8 mg/L, MIC90 = 8 mg/L, MBC50 = 32 mg/L, and MBC90 = 64 mg/L, in S. aureus; MIC50 = 4 mg/L, MIC90 = 8 mg/L, MBC50 = 8 mg/L, and MBC90 = 16 mg/L, in E. faecalis and S. agalactiae). Conclusion. PTS and PTSO have a significant broad spectrum antibacterial activity against multiresistant bacteria isolated from human clinical samples. Preliminary results in present work provide basic and useful information for development and potential use of these compounds in the treatment of human infections.

scholarly journals Characterization of CTX-M-15-Klebsiella pneumoniae from inpatients and outpatients of a teaching hospital

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Muzaheed Muzaheed ◽  
Naveed Sattar Shaikh ◽  
Saeed Sattar Shaikh ◽  
Sadananda Acharya ◽  
Shajiya Sarwar Moosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Background  The presence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive bacteria in hospital setting is an aggravating influential factor for hospitalized patients, and its consequences may be hazardous. Therefore, there is a need for rapid detection methods for newly emerging drug-resistant bacteria. This study was aimed at the molecular characterization of ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from clinical samples.   Methods  A total of 513 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical samples during June 2019 to May 2020. The collected isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility (antibiogram), and PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to analyse the ESBL genes.   Results  Among the 513 isolates, as many as 359 (69.9%) were ESBL producers and 87.5% were multi-drug resistant, while none had resistance to imipenem. PCR scored 3% blaTEM, 3% blaSHV, and 60% blaCTX-M-15 genes for the tested isolates.   Conclusion  The study showed that CTX-M-15 was the major prevalent ESBL type among the isolates. Additionally, all the isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. Screening and detection of ESBL tests are necessary among all isolates from the enterobacteriaceae family in routine microbiology laboratory to prevent associated nosocomial infections. A larger study is essential to understand molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing organisms to minimize morbidities due to these multidrug resistant organisms.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Monirul Hoque ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Suman Khisa ◽  
Md Nizam Uddin ◽  
Rezina Jesmine
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major clinical microbiological problem affecting the hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients throughout the world. The susceptibility patterns of P. aeruginosa vary geographically and with clinical presentation. Pseudomonas can rapidly develop resistance especially when single drug is employed due to frequent mutation and its own innate mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.Objectives: This cross sectional study was carried out to determine in-vitro resistance pattern of Pseudomonas isolates to common antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method. Various clinical samples were collected from Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) from 01 March 2012 to 31 August 2012. Identification and antibiogram were performed for Pseudomonas isolates following standard microbiological laboratory procedure.Results: A total of 198 P. aeruginosa were isolated from the various specimens. The highest number (76) of P. aeruginosa were isolated from wound swab/pus (38.38%), followed by urine (56, 28.28%), bronchial wash (23, 11.62%). In present study, maximum number of P. aeruginosa are resistant to penicillin (98.98%) followed by cephalosporins (89.85%), aminoglycosides (80.04%), carbapenems (76.08%). The most sensitive antibiotic was combination of piperacillin and tazobactam (only 3.37% resistant) followed by ciprofloxacin (54.04%) and azithromycin (59.18%).Conclusion: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies. The surveillance programmes for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be implemented properly. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa needs to be continuously monitored in specialized clinical units and the results readily made available to the clinicians so as to minimize the resistance.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 45-49

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Ionic Liquids and Organic Salts Based on Penicillin G and Amoxicillin hydrolysate Derivatives against Resistant Bacteria

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ferraz ◽  
Dário Silva ◽  
Ana Rita Dias ◽  
Vitorino Dias ◽  
Miguel M. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Yields

The preparation and characterization of ionic liquids and organic salts (OSILs) that contain anionic penicillin G [secoPen] and amoxicillin [seco-Amx] hydrolysate derivatives and their in vitro antibacterial activity against sensitive and resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains is reported. Eleven hydrolyzed β-lactam-OSILs were obtained after precipitation in moderate-to-high yields via the neutralization of the basic ammonia buffer of antibiotics with different cation hydroxide salts. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data of the prepared compounds showed a relative decrease of the inhibitory concentrations (RDIC) in the order of 100 in the case of [C2OHMIM][seco-Pen] against sensitive S. aureus ATCC25923 and, most strikingly, higher than 1000 with [C16Pyr][seco-Amx] against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300. These outstanding in vitro results showcase that a straightforward transformation of standard antibiotics into hydrolyzed organic salts can dramatically change the pharmaceutical activity of a drug, including giving rise to potent formulations of antibiotics against deadly bacteria strains.

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