scholarly journals Molecular characterization of ESBL gene in Citrobacter spp. and antibacterial activity of omega-3 against resistant isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Mayyada F. Darweesh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and resistance pattern of different Citrobacter spp., phenotypically and genotypically, to β-lactam antibiotics, then to evaluate the antibacterial activity of omega-3 extracted from flaxseed against isolates that harboring resistance genes. Herein, 19 Citrobacter isolates were isolated from 100 stool and urine samples taken from patients attended to AL-Sadar Hospital during June- December 2016. Clinical samples were then cultured on specific media, thereafter, isolates were identified depending on morphological, biochemical characteristics and VITK-2. The results showed that the Citrobacter spp. comprise 19/78 (24%) of positive bacterial growth on macConky agar, from which 14.1% were C. freundii, C. koseri represented 6.1% and C. farmeri were 3.8% of the total. The results of antibiotic susceptibility showed that all Citrobacter 100% isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin, but were sensitive to imipinim. Moreover, the isolates initally showed different degrees of resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Furthermore, by confirmatory test, the results observed that 17/19 (89.4%) of the isolated were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL - producers). Finally, using the PCR technique to detect blaGenes, the results revealed that 14/17 (82.3) of potential ESBL producing Citrobacter harbored one or more ESBL genes. These included 10 isolates of C. freundii and 4 isolates of C. koseri. In related work, extracts of essential fatty acid semicarbazide - omega3 (EFASC) from Linum usitatissium (Flaxseed) were tested to evaluate their activity against resistant isolates. The results demonstrate the broad spectrum antibacterial property of EFASC compounds against resistant bacteria. In conclusion, this study found increase prevalence of multi-drug resistance MDR Citrobacter spp. as causative agents in clinical cases. Considering the antibacterial activity of EFASC that displayed high activity against resistant pathogens, deservedly, attention must be paid to developing their use as alternative antibiotics.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of ESBL Gene in Citrobacter Spp and Antibacterial Activity of Omega-3 Against Resistant Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Mayyada Farhan Darwees
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Esbl Producers

AbstractThis study aimed to investigated the prevalence and resistance pattern of different Citrobacter species phenotypically and genotypically to β-lactam and some most common antibiotics then evaluate the antibacterial activity of omega-3 extracted from flaxseed against isolates that harboring resistance genes. 19 Citrobacter isolates were isolated from100 stool and urine samples taken from patients attended to AL-Sadar Hospital during June-December 2016. Clinical samples were cultured on specific media, thereafter isolates were identified depending on morphological, biochemical characteristics and VITK-2. The results showed that the Citrobacter comprise 24% of isolated bacteria which divided into 11 (14.1%) were C. freundii, 5 (6.41%) C. kosaeri and C. farmeri were 3 (3.8%). The antagonistic activity was evaluated by observing a clear zone of inhibition growth, the results showed that all Citrobacter (100%) isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, cefoxitin and sensitive to Imipinim, also the isolates showed different degrees of resistant to β-lactam antibiotics initially. By confirmatory test the results observed 17/19 (89.4%) isolated were ESBL producers finally using PCR technique to detect bla–genes (blaCTX-M, OXA, SHV and Z). The results revealed that 14/17 (82.3) of potential ESBL producing Citrobacter were harbor one or more of ESBL genes they included 10 of C. freundii and 4 of C. koseri. The extraction of essential fatty acid semicarbazide (omega-3) from Linum usitatissium (Flax seed) were tested to evaluate their activity against resistant isolates, results explained broad spectrum antibacterial property of EFASC compounds against resistant bacteria. In conclusion, this study found increase prevalence of MDR Citrobacter spp as causative agents in clinical cases. Considering antibacterial activity of EFASC, it was observed highly activity against resistant pathogens deservedly, therefore attention must be paid to development their used as alternative antibiotics.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASES-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Abdullah Al-Hammadi ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
Abdulaziz Qaid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Esbl Producers

The emergence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli in clinical isolates is posing a serious threat for treating nosocomial infections. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens in several teaching and general hospitals in Sana'a city, Yemen, and to compare the phenotypic methods used for the characterization of ESBL producing strains. This cross sectional observational study was conducted from 1st July to 28th of August 2017, at the Department of Medical microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology in Sana'a city, Yemen.  A total number of 3500 various clinical samples were analyzed during the study period. Escherichia coli were identified using API 20E system and ESBL detection was carried out using double-disk synergy test (DDST) and CLSI confirmatory test. Escherichia coli were isolated from 100 samples, out of which 63 (63%) were ESBL producers and 37 (37%) were non-ESBL producers. The gender distribution of ESBL producing Escherichia coli was 35/45 (77.8%) in males and 28/55 (50.9%) in females. Highest frequency of ESBL producing Escherichia coli was detected in sputum (100%), wounds (83.3%) and urine (65.7%) samples. Comparison of DDST and CLSI confirmatory test showed that 65 (65%) isolates were characterized by DDST and 63 (63%) using CLSI confirmatory test. All ESBL-positive isolates were susceptible to imipenem, indicating that this agent is the best drug for treating serious infections caused by ESBL-producing E. coli.  In conclusion, the present study shows moderately high frequency of ESBL producing Escherichia coli among patients suffering from sepsis in tertiary hospitals in Sana'a city. DDST was found to be less efficient in ESBL detection as compared to CLSI confirmatory test.

scholarly journals Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative isolates from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryatara Shilpakar ◽  
Mehraj Ansari ◽  
Kul Raj Rai ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Shiba Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background The existence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), is on rise across the globe and is becoming a severe problem. Knowledge of the prevalence and antibiogram profile of such isolates is essential to develop an appropriate treatment methodology. This study aimed to study the prevalence of Gram-negative isolates exhibiting ESBL at a tertiary care hospital and study their antibiogram profile. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal, from June 2018 to November 2018. A total of 770 clinical samples were collected and identified using the conventional biochemical tests following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the standardized Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The screening test for ESBL producers was performed as recommended by the CLSI and the confirmatory test was performed phenotypically using the E-test. Results Out of the 92 isolates, 84 (91.3%) were multidrug-resistant, and 47 (51.1%) were found to be potential ESBL producers. Of these, 16 isolates were confirmed ESBL producers by the E-test. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant isolates and were also the major ESBL producers. Besides polymyxin B (100% sensitive), meropenem and imipenem showed high efficacy against the ESBL producers. Conclusion Multidrug resistance was very high; however, ESBL production was low. Polymyxin B and carbapenems are the choice of drugs against ESBL producers but should be used only as the last line drugs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in selected street food and water samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Tabassum ◽  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Present study was conducted to determine the bacteria and their multi-drug resistance pattern of Velpuri and water of Velpuri shop of different areas of Dhaka city. A total of 74 bacteria were isolated of which 26 isolates were subjected for further study. Eleven and 15 isolates from 26, were found Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Three isolates of Gram-positive bacteria were found rod shaped and spore formers which were identified as Bacillus spp. while eight isolates were found round shaped and nonspore formers and identified as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Planococcus, Micrococcus. In case of Gramnegative bacteria, Alcaligenes, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Yersinia were found to be associated with the samples. Among 26 isolates Pseudomonas and Planococcus were found to be dominating genera. Besides provisional identification, four selected isolates were further confirmed through molecular characterization based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Antibiotic sensitivity test results revealed that isolated bacteria were resistant against common antibiotics like penicillin G (80.77%), vancomycin (61.53%) and rifampicin (57.70%). Among the isolates Pseudomonas, Enterobacter cloacae, Eshcherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus morganii, Yersinia enterocolitica were found to be multi-drug resistant which is very much alarming for the consumers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of MDR and ESBL producing Gram-negative isolates from various clinical samples from patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryatara Shilpakar ◽  
Mehraj Ansari ◽  
Kul Raj Rai ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Shiba Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract BackgroundThe existence of multi-drug resistance organisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), is on the rise and is becoming a severe problem. Knowledge of the prevalence and antibiogram profile of such isolates is essential to develop an appropriate treatment methodology. This study aimed to study the prevalence of Gram-negative isolates exhibiting ESBL at a tertiary care hospital and study their antibiogram profile.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal, from June 2018 to November 2018. A total of 770 clinical samples were collected and identified by using the conventional biochemical tests following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The screening test for ESBL producers was performed as recommended by the CLSI and the confirmatory test was performed phenotypically using the E-test.ResultsOut of 92 isolates, 84 (91.3%) isolates were multidrug resistant, and 47 (51.1%) isolates were found to be potential ESBL producers. Of these, 16 isolates were confirmed ESBL producers by the E-test. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant isolates and were also the major ESBL producers. Besides polymyxin B (100% sensitive), meropenem and imipenem showed high efficacy against the ESBL producers.ConclusionMultidrug resistance was very high, however, ESBL production was low. Polymyxin B and carbapenems are the choice of drugs against ESBL producers but should be used only as the last line drugs.

scholarly journals Incidence of Multi Drug Resistance and Diversity of TEM-1 Beta Lactamase in Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Natarajan ◽  
R. Subashkumar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sample ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Index Value

Occurrence and incidence of drug resistant bacteria are becoming very high and common with overuse of antibiotics. This study focused on the isolation of drug resistant strains from the clinical and environmental sample that produce extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and identification of TEM-1 genes in the plasmid and genomic DNA. 45 Clinical samples from the hospital and 7 environmental samples from the polluted water sources were collected. Among the collected samples, E. coli showed a higher incidence (36.1 %) followed by Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., and Salmonella sp. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were investigated against 25 commercially available antibiotics. All the isolated strains showed MAR index value of more than 0.2. Among the 36 isolates, 7 Gram negative isolates (19.4 %) showed positive results for ESBL production in Double disk synergy test. The plasmid and genomic DNA were isolated and analyzed using PCR with specific primers for the presence of the TEM-1 gene (716 bp). A selected PCR products of the TEM-1 gene was sequenced and analyzed using BLAST.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(3): 302-308

Bacteriological Profiles with Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Different Clinical Specimens of Specialized Neuroscience Hospital of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Uzzwal Kumar Mallick ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Md Sirajul Islam ◽  
Abu Nayeem ◽  
Gurudas Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
General Wards

Background: Throughout the world multi-drug resistant hospital acquired infections (HAI) are one of the leading causes of deaths and morbidity amongst hospitalized patients. Objective: The aim of study was to identify prevalence and variations of predominant microorganisms and their drug sensitivity and resistance pattern in a tertiary care public hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: The study was conducted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), High Dependency Unit (HDU), Post-operative ward and general wards of a tertiary care publicNeuro- hospital in Dhaka during 1st January, 2017 to 31st December, 2018. Patients admitted in any of the four units (ICU, HDU, Post-operative and general wards) of the hospital who were clinically suspected of having acquired any infection after 48 hours of admission to the ICUs were included. Depending on the clinical suspicion laboratory samples were collected from the patients. Samples were subjected to the testing and antibiotic sensitivity. Results: A total number of total 1672 samples from these patients yielded clinically relevant microorganisms. Of these samples, 273 were respiratory specimens were tracheal aspirate; 537 were urine; 377 were blood; 396 were cerebrospinal fluids; and 82 were other clinical samples. More than two-third samples were growth negative (71.4%) and only one-thirdsamples (28.6%) were growth positive. Maximum growth negative in blood samples and about half of samples of urine and tracheal aspirates were growth negative. About 80% were Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella whereas gram-positive organisms were about 20%. Most of the pathogens were Multi-drug resistance. Conclusion: Among HAIs Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are the main challenge. Regular updating resistance of microbial are needed to develop antibiotic guideline to combat these infections and reduce morbidity and mortality. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 82-86

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene Using Recombinase-Aided Amplification Directly on Clinical Samples From Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Feng ◽  
Guanhua Xue ◽  
Junxia Feng ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Jinghua Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Acinetobacter Junii ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Lactamase Gene

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, a metallo-β-lactamase carbapenemase type, mediates resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Therefore, it is important to detect blaNDM genes in children’s clinical samples as quickly as possible and analyze their characteristics. Here, a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay, which operates in a single one-step reaction tube at 39°C in 5−15 min, was established to target blaNDM genes in children’s clinical samples. The analytical sensitivity of the RAA assay was 20 copies, and the various bacterial types without blaNDM genes did not amplify. This method was used to detect blaNDM genes in 112 children’s stool samples, 10 of which were tested positive by both RAA and standard PCR. To further investigate the characteristics of carbapenem-resistant bacteria carrying blaNDM in children, 15 carbapenem-resistant bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter junii, and Proteus mirabilis) were isolated from the 10 samples. Notably, more than one bacterial type was isolated from three samples. Most of these isolates were resistant to cephalosporins, cefoperazone-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, aztreonam, co-trimoxazole, and carbapenems. blaNDM–1 and blaNDM–5 were the two main types in these samples. These data show that the RAA assay has potential to be a sensitive and rapid blaNDM gene screening test for clinical samples. The common existence of blaNDM and multi-drug resistance genes presents major challenges for pediatric treatment.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Mousumi Karmaker ◽  
Md. Abul Khair ◽  
Una Jessica Sarker ◽  
Rabeya Nahar Ferdous ◽  
Sa’dia Tasnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most widespread gram-negative microorganisms identified in the clinical samples and most common causes of hospital acquired infection. P. aeruginosa is affecting both indoor and outdoor patients throughout the world. Due to frequent mutation in          P. aeruginosa highly resistant strain developed rapidly. The aim of the study to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa species in different samples isolated from a Tertiary care Hospital as well as determination their diverse antibiotic resistance pattern. This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine in-vitro resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates to common antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method. Various clinical samples were collected from Bangladesh Health Sciences Hospital (BIHS) General Hospital, Dhaka. This research was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS). Isolation, identification and antibiogram were performed for P. aeruginosa following standard microbiological laboratory procedure. A total of 218 P. aeruginosa were isolated from 3062 different clinical specimens which are statistically significant (p<0.0001). Among the highest number of P. aeruginosa were isolated from outdoor patients 140 compare to Indoor patients which are significantly higher (p <0.013). In this study Male (68.3%) are more vulnerable to P. aeruginosa infection compare to females (31.7%) which is also statistically significant. Young people (less than 35 years) were more susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection which is also statistically significant (p< 0.01). The highest number of P. aeruginosa was isolated from wound (43.12%), followed by pus (40.33%), sputum (8.71%) urine (7.80%). The maximum number of P. aeruginosa in various samples was resistant to aztreonam and co-tromoxazole followed by cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems. The most sensitive antibiotic was colistin of followed by gentamycin and tetracycline. To control the spread of resistant bacteria, it is disparagingly vital to have stringent antibiotic guidelines. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa requires to be continuously monitored in specialized clinical units and the results readily made available to the clinicians to minimize the resistance.

scholarly journals Purification and characterization of nisin P produced by a strain of Streptococcus gallolyticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdu Aldarhami ◽  
Arif Felek ◽  
Vikram Sharma ◽  
Mathew Upton
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Peptide Sequencing ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Streptococcus Gallolyticus

Introduction. Against the backdrop of increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics, bacteriocins represent an attractive alternative, given their potent activity, novel modes of action and perceived lack of issues with resistance. Aim. In this study, the nature of the antibacterial activity of a clinical isolate of Streptococcus gallolyticus was investigated. Methods. Optimization of the production of an inhibitor from strain AB39 was performed using different broth media and supplements. Purification was carried out using size exclusion, ion exchange and HPLC. Gel diffusion agar overlay, MS/MS, de novo peptide sequencing and genome mining were used in a proteogenomics approach to facilitate identification of the genetic basis for production of the inhibitor. Results. Strain AB39 was identified as representing Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus and the successful production and purification of the AB39 peptide, named nisin P, with a mass of 3133.78 Da, was achieved using BHI broth with 10 % serum. Nisin P showed antibacterial activity towards clinical isolates of drug-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae . In addition, the peptide exhibited significant stability towards high temperature, wide pH and certain proteolytic enzymes and displayed very low toxicity towards sheep red blood cells and Vero cells. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first production, purification and characterization of nisin P. Further study of nisin P may reveal its potential for treating or preventing infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, or those evading vaccination regimens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document