scholarly journals Large-Area Sodium Titanate Nanorods Formed On Titanium Surface Via NaOH Alkali Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 1371-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lee ◽  
D. Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray

AbstractTi surfaces covered with large sodium titanate nanorods act as efficient electrodes for energy conversion and environmental applications. In this study, sodium titanate nanorod films were prepared on a Ti substrate in a 5M NaOH aqueous solution followed by heat treatment. The morphological characterization and the crystal structures of the sodium titanate nanorods were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Thin amorphous sodium titanate layers formed during the alkali-treatment, and sodium titanate nanorods were obtained after heat treatment at a temperature of 700°C. The sodium titanate nanorods obtained at this temperature had a thickness of about 80 nm and a length of 1μm. The crystal structure of the sodium titanate was identified with the use of Na2Ti5O11. The nanorods were agglomerated at a temperature above 900°C, and large-scale nanorods formed on the Ti surface, which may be used for electrodes for energy conversion applications.

Microstructures and Cohesiveness of Alkali- and Heat-Treated Films on a Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 3706-3711
Author(s):  
Sengo Kobayashi ◽  
Koji Murakami ◽  
Kiyomichi Nakai ◽  
Makoto Hino
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compositional Gradient ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Scratch Tests

Microstructures of alkali- and/or heat-treated films on a Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta alloy were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy, thin film X-ray diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. The cohesiveness of films was also evaluated by scratch tests. The films were formed by immersion in 5M aqueous NaOH solution at 60 °C for 86.4 ks (alkali treatment) followed by heating at 400–600 °C for 3.6 ks. The film on alloy formed by alkali treatment exhibits the same strucutre as that formed on an alkali-treated titanium. Compositional gradient of alloying elements, Zr, Nb and Ta, is detected in the film. The cohesion of alkali-treated film is considerably increased by the heat treatment, and the maximum cohesion is obtained by heating at 600 °C. The increase in cohesion of alkali-treated film by heat treatment is due to both the diffusion of Zr into film and the formation of sodium titanate on substrate.

Synthesis of Titania Nanowires From Local Synthetic Rutiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Muslimin Masliana ◽  
Meor Sulaiman Meor Yusoff ◽  
S.P. Wilfred
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
1D Nanostructures ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new method for preparation of titania nanowires with diameter around 20 nmand length up more than 4um is described. The precursor was supply from local amang plant in Lahat, Perak which is produced the by product called synthetic rutiles. This precursor was mix with NaOH to form sodium titanate followed by heating at temperature of 550°C for 3 h. The sodium titanate formed by this way aggregated into 1D nanostructures and was subsequently transformed into titania nanowires during the heat treatment. The crystalline phase of the titania nanowires is rutile. The precursor as well as titania based samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray and scanning electron microscopy.

Preparation of Bioactive Nanophase Titania Ceramics by Alkali-Heat Treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Feng Yu ◽  
Bang Cheng Yang ◽  
Yao Wu ◽  
Xing Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Bonelike Apatite ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, alkali-heat treatment in NaOH solution and heat treatment, which could form amorphous sodium titanate on nanophase titania ceramics surface by conditioning the process, was employed to modify the structure and bioactivity of biomedical titania ceramics. After the nanophase titania ceramics was subjected to alkali-heat treatment, thin film X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results showed the titania ceramics surfaces were covered by porous sodium titanate. In fast calacification solution (FCS), the alkali-heat treated titania ceramics could induce bonelike apatite formation on its surface. Our results showed that induction of apatite-forming ability on titania ceramics could be attained by alkali-heat treatment. So it was an effective way to prepare bioactive titania ceramics by combining sintering and alkali-heat treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization and Bone Differentiation of Nanoporous Structure Fabricated on Ti6Al4V Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingmin Su ◽  
Satoshi Komasa ◽  
Tohru Sekino ◽  
Hiroshi Nishizaki ◽  
Joji Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Nanoporous Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoporous Structures

The optimal temperature for the alkaline treatment and subsequent heat treatment is determined to optimize the nanoporous structures formed on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plates. Surface characterization of the alkali-heat treated samples was performed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effects of heating temperatures on albumin adhesion, rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, calcium deposition, and Runx2 mRNA expression were evaluated. The nanotopography, surface chemistry, and surface roughness were unchanged even after heat treatments at 200, 400, and 600°C. Only the amorphous sodium titanate phase changed, increasing with the temperature of the heat treatments, which played a crucial role in promoting superior cell adhesion on the nanoporous surface compared with the sodium hydrogen titanate obtained by a single alkali treatment. The heat treatment at 800°C did not enhance cell attachment on the surface because the nanostructure was dramatically destroyed with the reappearance of Al and V. This study reveals that nanoporous structures with amorphous sodium titanate were fabricated on Ti6Al4V surface through an amended alkali-heat treatment process to improve BMMSCs adhesion.

Surface and Electrochemical Analysis of Titanium Submitted to Alkaline Treatment by SEM, XRD and EIS

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mioduski Szesz ◽  
Cláudia E. B. Marino ◽  
Haroldo A. Ponte ◽  
Fabiana C. Nascimento ◽  
Carlos M. Lepienski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Titanium Metal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Although titanium metal has been used intensively in the last years as biomaterial in the medical and dental areas its surface is not bioactive. In this work, titanium metal was submitted to an alkali treatment in order to make the metal surface bioactive. The samples were submitted to alkaline treatment (AT) using NaOH 5M aqueous solution at 60°C for 24 h and after that they were heated thermically to stabilize the layer obtained with AT. The bioactivity of the samples was evaluated soaking them into the simulated body fluid (SBF) at 36,5°C for 28 days. The morphological, structural changes and the electrochemical characterization were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. It was verified that after AT plus heat treatment (HT) a sodium titanate layer was formed on the samples surface and after the bioactivity tests an apatite layer was formed. Impedance analysis show that the resistance of film on Ti is high and this value increases when the sample is soaked in SBF. It means that the apatite (HPA) film is occurring and the value of the capacitance with the presence of the HPA film (Cp) values indicate that the film maintain a compact and uniform characteristics.

Fabrication and Growth Mechanism of Nanoleaf Sodium Titanate Coating on High-Purity Titanium Surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
Ya Ming Wang ◽  
Yong Fa Song ◽  
Zhi Lu ◽  
Guang Xin Wang ◽  
Yan Fu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxide Coatings ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Titanium Substrates ◽  
Purity Titanium

Highly-ordered nanoleaf sodium titanate were successfully synthesized on high-purity titanium surface by catalyst oxidation method. Sodium metaborate powder was coated on titanium substrates, heated in an electric furnace at 650°C for 5 hours and then subjected to a water bath rinse. The structure and morphology of oxide coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the fabricated coatings were composed of rutile and sodium titanium, providing the excellent biocompatibility and nanoscale even gap structure between bamboo-shaped sodium titanate. The mechanism about the growth of highly-ordered nanoleaf sodium titanate also discussed in the current work.

scholarly journals X-ray Determination of Compressive Residual Stresses in Spring Steel Generated by High-Speed Water Quenching

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Diego E. Lozano ◽  
George E. Totten ◽  
Yaneth Bedolla-Gil ◽  
Martha Guerrero-Mata ◽  
Marcel Carpio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Chamber ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

Automotive components manufacturers use the 5160 steel in leaf and coil springs. The industrial heat treatment process consists in austenitizing followed by the oil quenching and tempering process. Typically, compressive residual stresses are induced by shot peening on the surface of automotive springs to bestow compressive residual stresses that improve the fatigue resistance and increase the service life of the parts after heat treatment. In this work, a high-speed quenching was used to achieve compressive residual stresses on the surface of AISI/SAE 5160 steel samples by producing high thermal gradients and interrupting the cooling in order to generate a case-core microstructure. A special laboratory equipment was designed and built, which uses water as the quenching media in a high-speed water chamber. The severity of the cooling was characterized with embedded thermocouples to obtain the cooling curves at different depths from the surface. Samples were cooled for various times to produce different hardened case depths. The microstructure of specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate the magnitude of residual stresses on the surface of the specimens. Compressive residual stresses at the surface and sub-surface of about −700 MPa were obtained.

Phase selection in precursor-derived yttrium aluminum garnet and related Al2O3–Y2O3 compositions

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh S. Gandhi ◽  
Carlos G. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phase Selection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum ◽  
Rich Side ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Al2O3–Y2O3 powders were synthesized in the range of 25–55% Y2O3 by reverse coprecipitation of nitrate solutions. All starting powders were amorphous and formed primary yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) upon crystallization. X-ray diffraction detected only garnet in compositions of 30–40% Y2O3 after heat treatment at 1250 °C. Compositions of 45–55% Y2O3 established a metastable YAG + Y4Al2O9 microstructure. The YAG phase field was metastably extended away from its stoichiometry, as indicated by a systematic increase in lattice parameter with Y2O3 content. Although some Al2O3 enrichment was achieved, YAG appears to tolerate greater off-stoichiometry on the Y2O3-rich side. Possible defect structures accommodating the solubility extension were examined. Phase selection results indicate that compositional inhomogeneity is not the only reason behind the appearance of hexagonal YAlO3, which is frequently reported during YAG synthesis.

Investigation of Residual Stress/Strain and Texture in a Large Dissimilar Metal Weld Using Synchrotron Radiation and Neutrons

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Ohms ◽  
Rene V. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Butt Weld ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Component Size ◽  
Thin Slice

Bi-metallic piping welds are frequently used in light water nuclear reactors to connect ferritic steel pressure vessel nozzles to austenitic stainless steel primary cooling piping systems. An important aspect for the integrity of such welds is the presence of residual stresses. Measurement of these residual stresses presents a considerable challenge because of the component size and because of the material heterogeneity in the weld regions. The specimen investigated here was a thin slice cut from a full-scale bi-metallic piping weld mock-up. A similar mock-up had previously been investigated by neutron diffraction within a European research project called ADIMEW. However, at that time, due to the wall thickness of the pipe, stress and spatial resolution of the measurements were severely restricted. One aim of the present investigations by high energy synchrotron radiation and neutrons used on this thin slice was to determine whether such measurements would render a valid representation of the axial strains and stresses in the uncut large-scale structure. The advantage of the small specimen was, apart from the easier manipulation, the fact that measurement times facilitated a high density of measurements across large parts of the test piece in a reasonable time. Furthermore, the recording of complete diffraction patterns within the accessible diffraction angle range by synchrotron X-ray diffraction permitted mapping the texture variations. The strain and stress results obtained are presented and compared for the neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. A strong variation of the texture pole orientations is observed in the weld regions which could be attributed to individual weld torch passes. The effect of specimen rocking on the scatter of the diffraction data in the butt weld region is assessed during the neutron diffraction measurements.

In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Crystallization Growth Behavior in ZnO-Bi2O3-B2O3 Glass as a Route to Functional Optical Devices

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Altemose ◽  
Katrina Raichle ◽  
Brittani Schnable ◽  
Casey Schwarz ◽  
Myungkoo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Crystal Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Xrd ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Transmission Window

ABSTRACTTransparent optical ZnO–Bi2O3–B2O3 (ZBB) glass-ceramics were created by the melt quenching technique. In this work, a melt of the glass containing stoichiometric ratios of Zn/Bi/B and As was studied. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements was used to measure the thermal behavior. VIS/NIR transmission measurements were used to determine the transmission window. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine crystal phase. In this study, we explore new techniques and report a detailed study of in-situ XRD of the ZBB composition in order to correlate nucleation temperature, heat treatment temperature, and heat treatment duration with induced crystal phase.

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