Troubling translanguaging: language ideologies, superdiversity and interethnic conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiota Charalambous ◽  
Constadina Charalambous ◽  
Michalinos Zembylas
Keyword(s):  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Public Display ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Greek Cypriot ◽  
Interethnic Conflict ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Turkish Language ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper looks at how histories of conflict and ideologies of language as a bounded entity mapped onto a homogeneous nation impact on attempts of translanguaging in the classroom in the conflict-affected context of Greek-Cypriot education. Drawing on ethnographic data from a highly diverse primary school, this study examines how nationalist understandings of language and belonging affect the ways in which a group of Turkish-speaking students of Pontian and Turkish-Bulgarian backgrounds relate to their Turkish-speakerness in classroom interaction. The findings show that, despite the multilingual and hybrid realities of this particular school, in formal educational practices Turkish-speaking students kept a low profile as to their Turkish-speakerness. Even when the teacher encouraged translanguaging practices and a public display of students’ competence in the Turkish language, this was met with inarticulateness and emotional troubles, fuelled by a fear that ‘speaking Turkish’ could be taken as ‘being Turkish’. In discussing these findings, the paper points to the impact that different overlapping histories of ethnonationalist conflict have on translanguaging practices in education; in our case by associating Turkishness with the ‘enemy group’ and socializing children within essentialist assumptions about language and national belonging. The paper argues that in this case the discourses of conflict create unfavourable ecologies for hybrid linguistic practices, which ultimately suppress creative polylingual performances.

scholarly journals The Impact of Rhetorical Argumentation on Achieving the Mastery of Fluency and Accuracy in Communicative Competence: A Case Study of 2 nd Year Students at the University Des Frères Mentouri, Constantine

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Bouderbane
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Procedural Fluency ◽  
Language Knowledge ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Rhetorical Argumentation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The present study is a comparison between the impact of rhetorical argumentation and narrating stories on students’ fluency and accuracy in communicative competence. We aimed at evaluating the usefulness and suitability of these tasks, and their efficiency when it comes to teaching fluency and accuracy by analysing the direct effects of the tasks on the indices of fluency and accuracy. The problematic issue in this research investigates the effects of the task rhetorical argumentation, and whether it is an important task that teachers should rely on it in teaching speaking in academic contexts. The sample is composed of 65 students which are divided in between 30 students in the control group and 35 students in experimental group. The data was collected by a test which was used to evaluate three main areas which are: classroom interaction, topic knowledge and language knowledge. The results of the experiment show that there are two types of fluency which are procedural and automatic. Rhetorical argumentation can be used to develop procedural fluency, and not automatic since the task is considered as difficult and students were not familiar with it.

scholarly journals A semiotic approach to language ideologies: Modelling the changing Icelandic languagescape

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 271-296
Author(s):  
Stephen Pax Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Semiotic Model ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Linguistic Purism

Attempts have been made to examine how speakers frame linguistic varieties by employing social semiotic models. Using ethnographic data collected over many years, this article applies such a model to Iceland, once described as the ‘e-coli of linguistics’ – its size, historical isolation and relative linguistic homogeneity create conditions akin to a sociolinguistic laboratory. This semiotic model of language ideologies problematizes the prevailing discourse of linguistic purism at a time of sociolinguistic upheaval. The analysis shows how an essentializing scheme at the heart of Icelandic language policy ensured that linguistic “anomalies” such as “dative disease” and “genitive phobia” indexed essential differences. “Impure” language was indicative of un-Icelandicness. Once monolingual (indeed monodialectal), the Icelandic speech community is increasingly characterized by innovative linguistic transgressions which thus far have not been instrumentalized by language policy makers. It is shown how a semiotic model can help us analyse the function of language ideologies more generally.

scholarly journals Development of an automated assessment technology for detecting damage in body armour

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (20) ◽  
pp. 4116-4125
Author(s):  
Ryan Marks ◽  
Stephen Grigg ◽  
Davide Crivelli ◽  
Matthew Pearson ◽  
Mark Eaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Automated Assessment ◽  
Central Location ◽  
Body Armour ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plate Current

Hard ballistic body armour plates are designed to withstand the impact of a bullet and protect the wearer, if this happens the armour is clearly damaged and so is retired from service. Mishandling, however, such as dropping the armour, may cause minor and difficult to detect damage which compromises the effectiveness of the plate. Current methods of inspection involve shipping the plates to a central location, performing a thorough inspection and returning them to service if uncompromised; this is costly and requires redundancy of equipment for when not in service. Acousto-Ultrasonics is a method of structural health monitoring in which ultrasonic waves are excited in a structure by a transducer and receivers record the response, any deviation from a baseline measurement give an indication of damage within the structure. Within this paper the development and testing of a novel handheld prototype device is presented, which gives a simple yes/no answer to if there is damage on the plate. This inspection is quick and easy to perform by unskilled personnel. Low profile sensors have been utilised combined with a novel flexible circuitry with built in memory, which does not compromise the effectiveness of the armour.

Empirical Optimization of High Density Plate-Fin Heat Sink for Constant Pumping Power in Low Profile Cooling Application

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Yazawa ◽  
Tatsuro Yoshida ◽  
Shinji Nakagawa ◽  
Masaru Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Narrow Space ◽  
The Impact

Since the VLSI processors are increasing power in accordance with exponential law, cooling solutions for such as personal computers have been evolving for over a decade. Recent heat sinks are designed with high dense fins and low profile to adapt to a high heat flux source within a slim enclosure. To achieve such compact cooling solution, thin fin and small gap is desirable. In addition, the pumping power is also limited by the allowable narrow space for fans. Thus it is important to minimize the thermal resistance for given pumping power that we define the optimum. Due to the lack of literatures on topic of low profile and high dense fins experiments, an apparatus was specially built to measure the thermal and fluid dynamic performance at the same time. Since such a high dense fin arrangement requires extra space on the sides by manufacturing reasons, the impact of bypass flow needs to be considered. The experiments are carefully carried out and the results are precisely compared with numerical analysis. The numerical model aiming to find the optimum for given pumping power is discussed with extrapolating the data points. This report is concluded with the best configuration of plate fins of low profile heat sinks for a given fan performance.

The Impact of Teacher Speech Modification on the Quality of Interaction and Learning: An Analysis of Spoken Discourse in Saudi EFL Classrooms

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Hanaa Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Abdullah Al-Bargi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Efl Classrooms ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to investigate, following a qualitative research design, the ways in which English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers modify their speech in an endeavor to create interactive learning environments facilitated by the implementation of strategies providing inherently comprehensible input for students. The study also seeks to examine students’ reactions to the use of such different speech modification strategies. The data gathered was taken from three different EFL classrooms with a total of sixty-two university students (forty male and twenty-two female) and three non-native speakers (NNS) of English language teachers. The data analysis reveals that EFL teachers regularly modify their talk through the use of different linguistic and interactional strategies in the Saudi EFL context, including the use of simplified grammar and vocabulary, shorter sentences, repetition, and emphatic stress and reduced speech rate. Other modification strategies include the use of clarification requests, confirmation checks, transition markers and hand gestures in order to facilitate student understanding and learning. The data analysis also suggests that teachers’ modification strategies have a positive impact on language learners in accelerating their comprehension and developing their classroom interaction. The study results provide valuable implications for foreign language classroom pedagogy and teacher training.

scholarly journals Becoming Monolingual: The Impact of Language Ideologies on the Loss of Multilingualism on São Tomé Island

Languages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Creole Languages ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the loss of the creole languages on São Tomé Island and the societal move from multilingualism to monolingualism in Portuguese. It argues that recognizing the ideologies attached to these languages is key in understanding the language shift, but also the processes leading toward monolingualism. This qualitative study is based on three main theories: Language as social practice, language ideology, and monoglot standardization. Data comes from ethnographic fieldwork and sociolinguistic interviews with 56 speakers from the capital of São Tomé and Príncipe. I argue that the existence of multilingualism on São Tomé Island is not valued at a societal level because of the pejorative ideologies that have been held about the creole languages since colonial times. Also, the use of the creole languages stood as a problem for the creation of a unified Santomean nation, as the different racial groups on the islands had their own creole. Results show how ideologies about the Portuguese language and its association with national unity, modernity, and European-ness favored its expansion on São Tomé Island and a move toward monolingualism.

On Partnering and Tourism: A Comparison of Two Small Towns in Western North Carolina

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Molly Levin
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Community Development Organizations ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Impact

Many community development organizations seek to involve their clients in projects through partnerships. This paper addresses the partnership model of the North Carolina-based organization HandMade in America and its Small Towns Revitalization Program. Ethnography plays an important role in this investigation. I spent the summer of 2004 as an intern at HandMade in America (HandMade), collecting ethnographic data in order to create a survey measuring the impact that the Small Towns program is having on the quality of residents' lives. While sitting in numerous living rooms and kitchens talking with men and women, old and young, local and newcomer, it became clear that while there are similarities across the region, each town has its own resources and problems that dictate the concerns of its residents.

Language Ideologies and Minority Language Education: Lessons from Brittany for Kashubia

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-206
Author(s):  
Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska ◽  
Michael Hornsby
Keyword(s):  
Language Ideologies ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Minority Language Education ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Ethnographic Data

In many situations of minority language education, the focus has been on gains in the absolute numbers of speakers, with the result that less attention has been paid to the processes and linguistic outcomes associated with students in these educational programmes. In this article, we initiate a discussion on the revitalization situations in Brittany and Kashubia from a comparative perspective. In particular, we look at the different models of education in each of these regions and examine ethnographic data that highlight the attempts of students to attain legitimate ‘speakerhood’ of the minority languages in question. In particular, we take into the consideration the difficulties associated with these situations of attempted additive multilingualism when the general trend, among the majority populations, is toward standardized monolingualism. By way of a conclusion, we attempt to evaluate the different educational systems in both regions in terms of the production of future generations of ‘successful’ Kashubian and Breton speakers by examining the various language ideologies that are apparent in both situations of language revitalization.

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