Citizen sociolinguists scaling back

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Rymes ◽  
Gareth Smail

AbstractThis paper examines the different ways that professional experts and everyday language users engage in scaling practices to claim authority when they talk about multilingual practices and the social significance they assign to them. Specifically, we compare sociolinguists’ use of the term translanguaging to describe multilingual and multimodal practices to the diverse observations of amateur online commentators, or citizen sociolinguists. Our analysis focuses on commentary on cross-linguistic communicative practices in Wales, or “things Welsh people say.” We ultimately argue that by calling practices “translanguaging” and defaulting to scaled-up interpretations of multilingual communication, sociolinguists are increasingly missing out on analyses of how the social meaning of (cross)linguistic practices accrues and evolves within specific communities over time. By contrast, the fine-grained perceptions of “citizen sociolinguists” as they discuss their own communicative practices in context may have something unique and underexamined to offer us as researchers of communicative diversity.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Lyu ◽  
Hiroki Takikawa

BACKGROUND The availability of large-scale and fine-grained aggregated mobility data has allowed researchers to observe the dynamic of social distancing behaviors at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Despite the increasing attentions paid to this research agenda, limited studies have focused on the demographic factors related to mobility and the dynamics of social distancing behaviors has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assist in the design and implementation of public health policies by exploring the social distancing behaviors among various demographic groups over time. METHODS We combined several data sources, including mobile tracking data and geographical statistics, to estimate visiting population of entertainment venues across demographic groups, which can be considered as the proxy of social distancing behaviors. Then, we employed time series analyze methods to investigate how voluntary and policy-induced social distancing behaviors shift over time across demographic groups. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of social distancing behaviors and their dynamics across age groups. The population in the entertainment venues comprised mainly of individuals aged 20–40 years, while according to the dynamics of the mobility index and the policy-induced behavior, among the age groups, the extent of reduction of the frequency of visiting entertainment venues during the pandemic was generally the highest among younger individuals. Also, our results indicate the importance of implementing the social distancing policy promptly to limit the spread of the COVID-19 infection. However, it should be noticed that although the policy intervention during the second wave in Japan appeared to increase the awareness of the severity of the pandemic and concerns regarding COVID-19, its direct impact has been largely decreased could only last for a short time. CONCLUSIONS At the time we wrote this paper, in Japan, the number of daily confirmed cases was continuously increasing. Thus, this study provides a timely reference for decision makers about the current situation of policy-induced compliance behaviors. On the one hand, age-dependent disparity requires target mitigation strategies to increase the intention of elderly individuals to adopt mobility restriction behaviors. On the other hand, considering the decreasing impact of self-restriction recommendations, the government should employ policy interventions that limit the resurgence of cases, especially by imposing stronger, stricter social distancing interventions, as they are necessary to promote social distancing behaviors and mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL None


Author(s):  
Linda O Keeffe

In order to design a computer game soundscape that allows a game player to feel immersed in their virtual world, we must understand how we navigate and understand the real world soundscape. In this chapter I will explore how sound, particularly in urban spaces, is increasingly categorised as noise, ignoring both the social significance of any soundscape and how we use sound to interpret and negotiate space. I will explore innovative methodologies for identifying an individual’s perception of soundscapes. Designing virtual soundscapes without prior investigation into their cultural and social meaning could prove problematic.


Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Lamuedra-Graván

This article aims to set a theoretical framework for a debate about the advantages and disadvantages of the actual way in which celebrities are portrayed in Spanish television. This work deals with how fame has been present in several societies over time. The phenomenon of celebrity is placed in a context that includes the USA and Britain. The piece introduces the idea, argued by a relevant number of Anglo-Saxon authors, that fame and democracy have walked and developed together in a number of countries.q Si hay un tipo de televisión que no queremos es la que se conoce como «televisión basura». Se trata de un concepto complejo, que el Consejo Audiovisual de Cataluña (CAC) ha definido con gran habilidad. No alude, según el CAC, a un género televisivo específico, ni se limita sólo al entretenimiento, sino que se produce cuando determinados programas degradan determinados géneros vulnerando los derechos fundamentales de terceras personas o por el atropello de valores democráticos o cívicos. A continuación el consejo considera que la telebasura se encuentra básicamente concentrada en la programación denominada «del corazón», aunque matiza que el género en sí no ha de caer irremisiblemente en los despropósitos propios de la telebasura y, de hecho, reconoce que no siempre lo hace. Este trabajo aborda de manera esquemática la evolución de la fama en nuestras sociedades, y se concentra en las circunstancias socio-económicas que han hecho posible su expansión. Tal material nos permitirá proceder a una breve reflexión acerca de la representación mediática de la fama hoy en día. Precisamente porque «el corazón» no es irremisiblemente telebasura, ni debemos permitir que los despropósitos en materia cívica propios de la telebasura secuestren las potencialidades positivas del género, que las tiene. Como el propio filósofo Emilio Lledó reconoce en una entrevista con Juan Cruz sobre la fama (Cruz, 1999). En la idea de la fama hay siempre ago positivo: la lucha por el reconocimiento que es una forma peculiar de compañía y solidaridad, y de «progreso» y «movimiento de tu ser». Aunque claro está, Lledó se refiere fundamentalmente a una fama que insta a aquel que la desea a ser mejor y superarse con el propósito de ser querido. En estos últimos años la importancia de los famosos en los medios de comunicación se ha intensificado. Esto, desde luego, es perceptible en España, pero está vigente en toda Europa, incluyendo los países nórdicos (Sparre, 2003), EE.UU, América Latina, y de manera progresiva, otras zonas del globo. En el texto completo de la comunicación se ofrecen razones contundentes que ilustran la proliferación del fenómeno de los famosos en el Reino Unido, EE.UU y otras áreas del mundo como se argumentará en el texto completo de la comunicación. El interés que despiertan los famosos y la destacada presencia de éstos, sobre todo en las sociedades occidentales permite establecer cierta vinculación entre los famosos y una serie de cambios sociales económicos y culturales propios de la era moderna, democrática y capitalista. Varios investigadores ligan el progreso de ‘la cultura de la celebridad’ en el siglo XX a la democracia. Entre ellos están Leo Braudy, Victoria Price, Richard Dyer, David Marshall y Chris Rojek. La fama en sí siempre ha existido, y el deseo de celebridad también, que Leo Broudy ya achaca a Alejandro Magno varios siglos antes del nacimiento de Jesucristo. Pero para que la fama y los famosos alcancen el grado de influencia y expansión actual han de producirse una serie de cambios sociales que se han sucedido desde el desarrollo de la fotografía y las agencias de noticias. La expansión de la fama es un fenómeno de la modernidad ilustrada, así como algunas perversiones de la fama pueden analizarse como síntomas de un desequilibrio entre valores democráticos y valores mercantilistas. En resumen, la comunicación que se propone trata la fama en un contexto social y económico amplio que puede aplicarse a Europa y Estados Unidos y describe los cambios más importantes del último siglo en la forma de entender este fenómeno. Todo ello tiene el objetivo de ofrecer una perspectiva amplia desde la que reflexionar acerca de la forma actual en la que los famosos aparecen en televisión en España, y en concreto acerca de la mercantilización de la fama y de la aparición de famosos que lo son por su relación con otros y no por motivos meritocráticos.


Author(s):  
Hsu Yu-Tsuen ◽  
Chang Wei-An ◽  
Chang Han-Pi

Abstract Dabogong is a Chinese deity with a widespread following in Sarawak; however, the connections between Dabogong temples are underdeveloped compared with that between Chinese subethnic associations. 1 Therefore, Sibu Dabogong Temple proposed to establish an association to plan and oversee the Sarawak Dabogong Festival in 2009. Since then, the scope of the organization’s membership and activities has become national as well as international. To learn how the social meaning of the festival is understood by the participants, we reviewed the local historical literature, conducted field research, and administered a questionnaire survey during the third Sarawak Dabogong Festival at Kuching 10 Miles in Sarawak in 2011. First, we explored the defining characteristic of Dabogong temples in Sarawak, the prominence of Dabogong in the Sarawak Chinese community, reasons for building temples, the accompanying gods in a Dabogong temple, and the timing of temple construction. Next, we examined the formation of the Dabogong Festival and the characteristics of the participants. Finally, we determined that the social significance of the festival can be attributed to its role in the transmission of Chinese tradition and the promotion of Dabogong belief.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Beltrama

AbstractThe present article focuses on two questions: (i) How do listeners infer the social identity of a speaker based on how they choose to describe the world? (ii) Are these inferences informed by similar principles to those motivating the social significance of linguistic phenomena in other domains of the grammar? We address this issue by exploring the social meaning of imprecision (Lasersohn 1999): speakers’ well-attested tendency to apply varying degrees of deviation from the truth when reporting facts (e.g., describing a car as going 70 MPH, instead of 69). Based on results from a social perception study, we found (i) that a high degree of precision is associated with a constellation of both favorable and unfavorable qualities; (ii) that different linguistic cues to signal precision differentially affect the social meaning of the utterance; (iii) and that most such qualities bear a striking resemblance to those associated to variation in other realms – e.g., the hyper/hypo-articulation of sounds. We take this as evidence that semantic variation can be socially meaningful across the specific lexical items in which it manifests itself, and that such social meanings can be linguistically motivated by similar principles across different domains of the grammar.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
ARNALDO SPALLACCI

The ideological and cultural approach towards sport has changed over time and must be linked with the changes in gender relations especially in the Western society. Therefore, the present paper brings to attention the relationship between men and exercise and discusses sport as an important practice for the cultural and physical construction of masculinity. The paper is a narrative analysis of the concept of sport and its socio-cultural significance over time, all presented in the context of gender relations. The analysis is based on information from European documents regarding sport and on statistical data at European level regarding the engagement of men and women in physical activities, with special attention paid to the case of Italy. Over time, the construction of masculinity has been subjected to many changes especially in Western Europe. Mainly, the transition was from the traditional dominant male figure, to the “new man”, interested in health and self-care. The social significance of sport has changed and participation in physical activity is no longer seen as a typical masculine practice being widely open to women as well. In this context, gender relations changed and masculinity now implies new dimensions.


2018 ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
Ásta

Various ways in which a category of people can be said to be socially constructed is discussed before a conception of social construction that can underwrite the project of offering a metaphysics of social categories is offered. The author discusses several conceptions of causal social construction, including where the social is the cause and the effect, and where ideals or norms play a role in the construction. The type of social construction needed for the project of giving a metaphysics of social construction is constitutive social construction. The author offers her conception of constitutive social construction, the key component of which is an account of social meaning. Comparison with the accounts of social construction by Ian Hacking, Ron Mallon, and Sally Haslanger is made.


Author(s):  
Philippe Hambye ◽  
Anne Catherine Simon

AbstractThis article questions the common usage of the concept of “linguistic variety” and the usual view of vernacular speech as the expression of a speaker’s identity. The term “variety” in linguistics has an ambiguous status: it is used to describe “linguistic representations” (social constructs) as well as actual linguistic practices. An alternative way of understanding the function of varieties in the sociolinguistic space is proposed: we explain how varieties relate to speech styles in a way that captures the social significance of linguistic variation. A case study about vowel lengthening in the French spoken in Belgium is then presented. Through both a quantitative and qualitative analysis, it is shown how marked regional variants are used to produce a particular social meaning, even among middle-class speakers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Anna Pawlikowska-Piechotka

The social significance of sports buildings, their function and role, have been changing within centuries. In some aspects, they are constant and harmonious, in some – quick and dynamic, but their ways are to answer the needs and expectations of their host society. In Europe, for more than three millennia, the development of individual disciplines has been accompanied by the evolution of sports facilities. To meet these needs, expectations and requirements - the architecture of sports facilities should be highly diverse. This variety is manifested in various styles, constructions, building materials, forms, and functions – depending on a given era, on the role, on the environmental and landscape features, on the social expectations, and the possibilities of implementation and political situation. However, their prominent role is universal: great usefulness for the society, their involvement in creating the tradition and identity of the site. They should always respond well to the emotions of extreme sports, equating beauty and nobility with the utility and ethos of sports competitions. In 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemics proved how important and valuable is flexibility, the readiness of sports facilities to meet unexpected challenges and new situations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-248
Author(s):  
Kate Whisker-Taylor ◽  
Lynn Clark

This paper investigates a process referred to by Wells (1982) as “Yorkshire Assimilation,” which is a process of assimilation in which voiced obstruents become fully devoiced when followed by a voiceless segment. The process is thought to occur only in Yorkshire, England. There is very little existing literature on Yorkshire Assimilation and, when it is discussed, it is described as a phonological rule, i.e., it is thought to be used categorically by those speakers who display the feature (Wells 1982:367, 148). This paper presents the first empirical account of Yorkshire Assimilation. Using both historical and contemporary speech data from Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, we explore the extent to which Yorkshire Assimilation is indeed variable, how its use has changed over time, and how it is constrained by both linguistic and social factors in speech production. We also couple this production study with a small perception experiment designed to tap into the social meaning of Yorkshire Assimilation in Huddersfield.


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