scholarly journals Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Map of Timisoara

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Stefu ◽  
I. Solyom ◽  
A. Arama
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Theoretical Estimation ◽  
Electromagnetic Power ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field

Abstract There are many electromagnetic field (EMF) sources nowadays acting simultaneously, especially in urban areas, making the theoretical estimation of electromagnetic power at ground level very difficult. This paper reports on EMF maps built with measurements collected in Timisoara, at various radiofrequencies. A grid of 15×15 squares was built (approximate resolution 400m x 400m) and measurements of the average and maximum values of the electric field E, magnetic field H and total power density S at 0.9, 1.8 and 2.4 GHz were collected in every node of the grid. Positions of the nodes in terms of latitude and longitude were also collected. Maps were built presenting the spatial distribution of the measured quantities over Timisoara. Potential influences of EMF on public health are discussed.

A 4 × 4 array multichannel magnetic stimulation system using submillimeter sized planar square spiral coils: The spatial distribution of electromagnetic field

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Limei Song ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Jinhai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Average Magnetic Field ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
Field Strengths

Multi-coil magnetic stimulation has advantages over single-coil magnetic stimulation, such as more accurate targeting and larger stimulation range. In this paper, a 4 × 4 array multichannel magnetic stimulation system based on a submillimeter planar square spiral coil is proposed. The effects of multiple currents with different directions on the electromagnetic field strength and the focusing zone of the array-structured magnetic stimulation system are studied. The spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field are discussed. In addition, a method is proposed that can predict the spatial distributions of the electric and magnetic fields when currents in different directions are applied to the array-structured magnetic stimulation system. The study results show that in the section of z = 2 μm, the maximum and average magnetic field strengths of the array-structured magnetic stimulation system are 6.39 mT and 2.68 mT, respectively. The maximum and average electric field strengths are 614.7 mV/m and 122.82 mV/m, respectively, where 84.39% of the measured electric field values are greater than 73 mV/m. The average magnetic field strength of the focusing zone, i.e., the zone in between the two coils, is 3.38 mT with a mean square deviation of 0.18. Therefore, the array-structured multi-channel magnetic stimulation system based on a planar square spiral coil can have a small size of 412 μm × 412 μm × 1.7 μm, which helps improving the spatial distribution of electromagnetic field and increase the effectiveness of magnetic stimulation. The main contribution of this paper is a method for designing multichannel micro-magnetic stimulation devices.

scholarly journals Identifying Vulnerable Populations in Subtropical Brisbane, Australia: A Guide for Heatwave Preparedness and Health Promotion

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Loughnan ◽  
Nigel Tapper ◽  
Thu Phan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Heat Events

Building healthy societies is a key step towards climate resilient communities. Ill health is related to increased risk during heat events and is disproportionally distributed within and between communities. To understand the differences in the spatial distribution of climate related health risks and how this will change in the future we have undertaken a spatiotemporal analysis of heatwave risks in urban populations in Brisbane, Australia. The aim of this was to advise emergency managers and public health authorities of high-risk areas during extreme heat events (EHEs). The spatial distribution of heat related morbidity identified areas of high healthcare service demand during EHEs. An index of risk was developed based on social and environmental determinants of vulnerability. Regression analysis was used to determine the key drivers of heat related morbidity from the index. A weighted map of population vulnerability was produced which identified the high risk areas and provided key information to target public health interventions and heat stress prevention policy. The predicted changes in high risk populations such as the proportion of elderly people living in urban areas were also mapped to support longer term adaptation and develop health care infrastructure and health promotion strategies.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Dioxide, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Transportation in Urban Areas: Lessons From the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Gas Emissions

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a pollutant of concern in urban areas around the world. The main sources in urban environments are related to the burning of fuel and include transportation, electricity generation, and industrial and residential activities. From a public health perspective NO2 has also been widely associated with respiratory disease, including asthma exacerbation. NO2 also plays a key role in ground-level concentrations of ozone (O3), which is also a public health concern. This policy brief explores the relationships between transportation, climate change mitigation and ambient levels of air pollutants such as NO2. The Covid-19 pandemic has offered a glimpse of how rapid changes in transportation use can result in significant decreases in NO2 concentrations. Data from New York City supports this relationship. Transportation policies aimed at reducing traffic offer an opportunity to both mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality. The implementation of measures to rethink public space and the use of streets in response to Covid-19 also provides insights into an additional policy alternative to achieve these goals.

scholarly journals Mapping the Spatial Variability of Sexually Transmitted Infections Across Fiji Health Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Sidloski ◽  
Tayyab Shah ◽  
Elisa Toroca
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Significant Public Health

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health problem in countries within the South Pacific, including Fiji. If untreated, curable STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis can cause infertility, adverse outcomes in pregnancy, and can increase the risk of contracting HIV in infected individuals. Methods: This research used cartographic software to map and analyze the spatial distribution of selected STIs across health regions in Fiji. Total rates of STIs, as well as the prevalence of gonorrhea and syphilis specifically, were examined for the years of 2007 and 2016 to determine how spatial distribution patterns have changed over this period, and how resources might currently be most effectively mobilized to address this public health issue. Results/Discussion: Our findings suggest that while some specific regions with high prevalence rates for 2007 and 2016 should be targeted for intervention in the short term, lack of data collecting and reporting raises concerns about the accuracy of rate estimations in non-urban areas. Conclusion: Analyzing the spatial distribution of the prevalence of STIs in a given population can better inform the development and implementation of intervention strategies at local scales, thus improving health outcomes for countries and their communities. Overall, consistent and transparent STI data collection and reporting procedures are necessary for effective long-term management and minimization of STI spread in Fiji.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in domiciled dogs and cats in urban areas of Brazil: risk factors and spatial distribution

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Igor Falco Arruda ◽  
Patricia Riddell Millar ◽  
Alynne da Silva Barbosa ◽  
Luiz Claudio de Souza Abboud ◽  
Izabel Cristina dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

Toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent zoonotic parasite in Brazil capable of infecting mammals and birds. The increase in the urban populations of pets and the narrowing of the human–animal relationship can facilitate the transmission of important public health zoonoses, such as toxoplasmosis. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and spatial distribution of T. gondii infection and its risk factors in domiciled dogs and cats attended at the Jorge Vaitsman Institute, Rio de Janeiro. Serum samples from 400 dogs and 272 cats were evaluated by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies. Epidemiological questionnaires were used to interview the animals’ owners to identify risk factors for infection. Of the total, 34% (136/400) of dogs and 8.1% (22/272) of cats had anti-T. gondii antibodies. Breed (OR: 2.10–95%, CI 1.27–3.46) was a risk factor for dogs, while sex (OR: 3.40–95%, CI 1.10–10.52) and homemade food consumption (OR: 8.49–95%, CI 2.48–29.05) were risk factors for cats. Offal consumption was considered a risk factor for both species evaluated (OR: 2.74–95%, CI 1.38–5.43 for dogs; OR: 7.66–95%, CI 1.24–47.29 for cats). The spatial analysis showed that T. gondii seropositive animals were widely distributed in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro state, with a concentration observed mainly in the west and north zones of Rio de Janeiro city. The results emphasize the importance of adopting prophylactic measures to control T. gondii transmission in domiciled dogs and cats in Rio de Janeiro, contributing positively to public health.

EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT IN THE VICINITY OF WIND TURBINES

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
Aris Alexias ◽  
Yiannis Kiouvrekis ◽  
Charilaos Tyrakis ◽  
Mohammed Alkhorayef ◽  
Abdelmoneim Sulieman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Exposure Measurements

Abstract Background There is an exponential growth of public concern worldwide regarding the exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by wind turbines. The high concern of the general population enhances the fact that EMF exposure remains a crucial issue that demands specific actions and reliable data to evaluate possible health hazards. Materials and Methods EMF exposure measurements were conducted in two wind farm (W/F) areas in Greece. The magnetic field strength concentrated in the proximity of 22 wind turbines (20 type of Gamesa Eolica Siemens of total power of 17 MW and 2 type of E53 Enercon, 800 KW each). Measurements were conducted using a Narda-NBM-550 basic unit (Narda Safety Test Solutions Company) using EHP-50F probe. The EMF exposure measurements were processed applying the weighted peak method (WPM), according to the 2013/35/EU Directive. WPM provides correction of the measured value of pulse signals, taking into account the phases of the various frequency components. The data were classified under two scenarios of EMF exposure: ‘high wind’ and ‘low wind’ conditions. Results The variation of the magnetic field strength was calculated between 1.13 and 1.42% (WPM). Measurements indicate that the intensity of the emitted magnetic field at the base of the wind turbines, in both high and low wind conditions, was relatively low (mean = 0.146 μT), while decreasing rapidly with increasing distance and reaching background values 6 m from the base. Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that EMF levels are similar or even lower compared to those in urban areas and well below the national and international safety limits.

The study of ground-level ozone over Kyiv and its impact on public health

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
A.V. Shavrina ◽  
◽  
I.A. Mikulskaya ◽  
S.I. Kiforenko ◽  
V.A. Sheminova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

Urban Greening and Human-Wildlife Relations in Philadelphia: From Animal Control to Multispecies Coexistence?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hunold
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Urban Wildlife ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Urban Greening ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Animal Control

City-scale urban greening is expanding wildlife habitat in previously less hospitable urban areas. Does this transformation also prompt a reckoning with the longstanding idea that cities are places intended to satisfy primarily human needs? I pose this question in the context of one of North America's most ambitious green infrastructure programmes to manage urban runoff: Philadelphia's Green City, Clean Waters. Given that the city's green infrastructure plans have little to say about wildlife, I investigate how wild animals fit into urban greening professionals' conceptions of the urban. I argue that practitioners relate to urban wildlife via three distinctive frames: 1) animal control, 2) public health and 3) biodiversity, and explore the implications of each for peaceful human-wildlife coexistence in 'greened' cities.

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