Problem-based L2 learning: self-negotiated linguistic cognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Xiaowei
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
L2 Learning ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Consistent Feature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Cognition

AbstractThe existing literature has revealed that Problem-based Learning (PBL) can improve the cognitive competence of learners, but few studies focus on L2 learning from the perspective of students, or on the relationship between PBL and linguistic cognition. Based on students’ reflective journals, the researcher’s observation notes, and interviews with teachers and students, this case study describes the individual and collective self-negotiations during a Problem-Based L2 Learning (PBLL) practice of 157 non-English majors at three universities in Beijing. The current study makes a distinction between surface and deep self-negotiations, and confirms the conception of the self-negotiated L2 cognition of PBLL learners. The research results show (1) that the self-negotiation is a consistent feature of PBLL because the whole PBLL process comprises the cyclic intertwining of individual and collective self-negotiations, (2) that L2 learners manage to achieve individual and collective self-negotiations through cognitive mechanisms of linking, riffling and converging, and (3) that deep self-negotiations in PBLL are more dynamic, interactive, and generative. Pedagogical implications, research limitations, and future directions are also discussed.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The book’s epilogue explores the place of musical portraiture in the context of posthumous depictions of the deceased, and in relation to the so-called posthuman condition, which describes contemporary changes in the relationship of the individual with such aspects of life as technology and the body. It first examines Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo to view how Bernard Herrmann’s score relates to issues of portraiture and the depiction of the identity of the deceased. It then considers the work of cyborg composer-artist Neil Harbisson, who has aimed, through the use of new capabilities of hybridity between the body and technology, to convey something akin to visual likeness in his series of Sound Portraits. The epilogue shows how an examination of contemporary views of posthumous and posthuman identities helps to illuminate the ways music represents the self throughout the genre of musical portraiture.

An Introduction, Review, and Conceptual Analysis of Mattering as an Essential Construct and an Essential Way of Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 073428292110576
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Flett
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sense Of Mattering ◽  
Extended Discussion

While the importance of having self-esteem is widely recognized and has been studied extensively, another core component of the self-concept has been relatively neglected—a sense of mattering to other people. In the current article, it is argued that mattering is an entirely unique and complex psychological construct with great public appeal and applied significance. The various ways of assessing mattering are reviewed and evidence is summarized, indicating that mattering is a vital construct in that deficits in mattering are linked with consequential outcomes at the individual level (i.e., depression and suicidal tendencies), the relationship level (i.e., relationship discord and dissolution), and the societal level (i.e., delinquency and violence). Contemporary research is described which shows that mattering typically predicts unique variance in key outcomes beyond other predictor variables. Mattering is discussed as double-edged in that mattering is highly protective but feelings of not mattering are deleterious, especially among people who have been marginalized and mistreated. The article concludes with an extended discussion of key directions for future research and an overview of the articles in this special issue. It is argued that a complete view of the self and personal identity will only emerge after we significantly expand the scope of inquiry on the psychology of mattering.

Coordinating concurrent legal orders in the prosecution of international crimes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-344
Author(s):  
BEATRICE I. BONAFÉ
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInternational criminal law provides a particularly interesting case study for the proliferation of legal orders as it helps to understand the types of uncertainties their interaction may entail with respect to the position of the individual as well as the solutions that may be adopted in that respect. This article analyses a selected number of substantive and procedural uncertainties that originate in the relationship between international criminal law and domestic legal orders. The purpose of the discussion is to identify the particular legal devices that have been elaborated in order to ensure the coordination between these legal orders, and to suggest areas in which a better coordination is still to be achieved.

scholarly journals Why Do People Support Online Crowdfunding Charities? A Case Study From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Jiao ◽  
Lamei Qian ◽  
Tianzhuo Liu ◽  
Lijun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Future Return ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Whereas the effect of people’s motivations to give to traditional, off-line charities has been extensively investigated, their motivations to support online charitable crowdfunding projects are largely unexplored. The present study examines the influences of extrinsic motivations (such as reputation, the wish to signal a certain image; and reciprocity, the expectation on future return for their present contribution), intrinsic motivations (such as a sense of belonging, the feeling of belonging to an integral part of a positive community; joy of giving, the anticipated positive emotions experienced by helping others; altruism, intrinsic desire to help others without expectation of a return; and financial constraints, individuals’ personally felt financial stresses induced by donations), and social interactions (such as social influence, people’s perception of how their close acquaintances believe they should support the project; and social ties, the strength of the relationship between the individual and the project initiator) on intentions to support charitable crowdfunding behaviors, namely, the willingness to share (WTS) project information and the intention to donate (ITD) money. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses on self-reported survey data from 617 respondents in China reveal support for the hypotheses. The results show that intrinsic motivations and social ties are predictors for both supporting behaviors. Reputation and social influence motivate people to share projects, but have no significant effects on their ITD. Reciprocity is positively, and financial constraints are negatively, related to ITD but have no significant effects on WTS. These findings offer insights into the motivations driving individuals’ participation in charitable crowdfunding. The implications for both platforms and fundraisers are discussed.

scholarly journals Flexible and consistent quantile estimation for intensity–duration–frequency curves

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 6479-6494
Author(s):  
Felix S. Fauer ◽  
Jana Ulrich ◽  
Oscar E. Jurado ◽  
Henning W. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flexible Model

Abstract. Assessing the relationship between the intensity, duration, and frequency (IDF) of extreme precipitation is required for the design of water management systems. However, when modeling sub-daily precipitation extremes, there are commonly only short observation time series available. This problem can be overcome by applying the duration-dependent formulation of the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution which fits an IDF model with a range of durations simultaneously. The originally proposed duration-dependent GEV model exhibits a power-law-like behavior of the quantiles and takes care of a deviation from this scaling relation (curvature) for sub-hourly durations (Koutsoyiannis et al., 1998). We suggest that a more flexible model might be required to model a wide range of durations (1 min to 5 d). Therefore, we extend the model with the following two features: (i) different slopes for different quantiles (multiscaling) and (ii) the deviation from the power law for large durations (flattening), which is newly introduced in this study. Based on the quantile skill score, we investigate the performance of the resulting flexible model with respect to the benefit of the individual features (curvature, multiscaling, and flattening) with simulated and empirical data. We provide detailed information on the duration and probability ranges for which specific features or a systematic combination of features leads to improvements for stations in a case study area in the Wupper catchment (Germany). Our results show that allowing curvature or multiscaling improves the model only for very short or long durations, respectively, but leads to disadvantages in modeling the other duration ranges. In contrast, allowing flattening on average leads to an improvement for medium durations between 1 h and 1 d, without affecting other duration regimes. Overall, the new parametric form offers a flexible and enhanced performance model for consistently describing IDF relations over a wide range of durations, which has not been done before as most existing studies focus on durations longer than 1 h or day and do not address the deviation from the power law for very long durations (2–5 d).

scholarly journals Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude and Environment Behavior of Cybersecurity Awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Norhafizah Che Zainal ◽  
Mohd Hazwan Mohd Puad ◽  
Nor Fazlida Mohd Sani
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
The Self ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Education Society ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
The Relationship

Today, cybersecurity is a growing issue in our education society to ensure a safe teaching and learning process for teachers and students. Reports and studies demonstrated that teachers and students are moderately aware of the cybersecurity threat surrounding them that could affect the learning curve and other fatal impacts. This study aims to identify the role of self-efficacy in the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and environment behavior of cybersecurity awareness. The researchers used a correlational design with a quantitative approach by using a questionnaire instrument to collect data from teacher respondents. A total of 350 teachers in took part in this survey voluntarily, distributed using social media applications in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. The researchers used the IBM SPSS Statistics to analyze the data descriptively and inferentially. The levels of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and environment behavior of Malaysian school teachers towards cybersecurity awareness are low. Self-efficacy acts as a moderator in influencing the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and environment behavior of cybersecurity awareness. Strategies and programs need to be initiated by stakeholders to increase the self-efficacy of cybersecurity that could assist the positive change of environment behavior among teachers for teaching and learning benefit.

scholarly journals FASION AS THE MEANS OF PERSONALITY SELF-IDENTITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Iryna Hrynyk
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The article carries out theoretical and empirical analysis of features of personality᾿s self-identity by means of fashion. It presents theoretical analysis of the main approaches to the interpretation of fashion and its evolution in the process of social development and describes the content characteristics of fashion as a social and psychological phenomenon and its impact on the individual identification and self-presentation. It has been determined that fashion is an important mechanism of self-presentation and identification of the individual with a certain social group. The author clarifies the scale of the fashion influence on the self-identification and self-presentation of the personality and its possible consequence revealing the psychological mechanisms of young people᾿s interest in modern fashion. The empirical study of the role and influence of fashion on self-presentation among students has been carried out. According to quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results obtained factors and the relationship between them have been singled out, which are the key to the self-identity of personality. It is confirmed that the studied groups of students perceive fashion as a means to emphasize their individuality; they have a clear need for material well-being, prestige, popularity.

scholarly journals Can I teach these students? A case study of Vietnamese teachers’ self-efficacy in relation to teaching English as a Foreign Language

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nga Thi Tuyet Phan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
The Self ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
The Relationship

The study looked at factors that influenced the self-efficacy in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) of a group of university teachers in Vietnam. This study explored the relationship between Vietnamese teachers’ discourses of effective teaching practices and their self-efficacy beliefs, the influence of Vietnamese culture and context on teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs, and whether participating in the research led to a change in the self-efficacy beliefs of the teacher participants and of myself as researcher.The research took the form of a qualitative case study. Participants were eight university teachers of the English language at a technical university in Vietnam. Data collection lasted six months. Data collection tools included focus group discussions, individual interviews, journaling, and observations. An inductive coding process and thematic analysis were used for analysing data. Findings indicate that social persuasion was the most influential source of self-efficacy information. The study shows that different sources of self-efficacy information interacted with one another to influence the two dimensions of self-efficacy. Besides, it appears that teachers’ understanding of a number of environment and workplace factors appeared to constrain some teachers into adopting the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) approach and possibly reduced their self-efficacy in adapting a Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)-oriented approach. After participating in the study, the teaching approaches of study teachers and my own approaches seemed to be more CLT-oriented although most of us were characterised by a low sense of self-efficacy in adapting this approach in the Vietnamese classrooms. Findings also suggest that several aspects of Vietnamese culture, e.g. the concept of face, are likely to have influenced the way the study teachers selected, weighted and interpreted efficacy-building information. In addition, it is plausible that changes in context, e.g. teaching different kinds of students, led to a change in the way the teachers and I weighed and selected self-efficacy information. Self-reflection, self-doubt and self-regulation were other factors causing fluctuations in the study teachers’ and my self-efficacy. My study contributes to a widening understanding of how different aspects of culture can impact on self-efficacy. It provides examples to challenge the claim that the self-efficacy of experienced teachers is stable and the widespread view that a negative sense of self-efficacy induces individuals to give up and make less effort. The study shows the relationship between teacher self-efficacy beliefs and their discourses of EFL instruction, i.e. their self-efficacy in using different aspects of a communicative approach fluctuated at different stages of the study. The study points to the need to improve leadership practice and teaching conditions at the faculty and university. Preparing teachers for regulation strategies, encouraging them to work collectively, and offering more professional development programs are likely to develop a stronger sense of self-efficacy among teachers.

The collective body: Legacies of monastic discipline in the post-Soviet prison

2020 ◽  
pp. 136248062093067
Author(s):  
Lyuba Azbel ◽  
Evan Winter Morse ◽  
Tim Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
The Self ◽  
The West ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Healthy Body

The emergence of the prisoner subject is an element of local practices, including how health is governed. Yet, disciplinary practices have been overlooked in research on health in post-Soviet prisons. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 40 male prisoners in Kyrgyzstan, this article performs a genealogical analysis by applying models of subjectivity from Christian monasticism to understand how a healthy body emerges through the contingent governing relations of the post-Soviet prison. An apparatus of “collective self-governance” produces bodies that extend the self to the collective and blur the boundaries between physical and moral health. Here, unlike in the West, the idealization of an autonomous subject is inimical to agency and, by extension, health. Rather, a healthy body is produced through a healing process that rests on submission to the collective, with the threat of exile imminent. In such settings, health interventions aimed at the individual are unlikely to succeed without a consideration of collective healing practices.

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