Combined treatment of green pitch pine wood by heat and superheated steam and the effects on physical properties of the products

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggun Park ◽  
Chang-Deuk Eom ◽  
Yeonjung Han ◽  
Jun-Ho Park ◽  
Yoon-Seong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Green Wood ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pitch Pine

Abstract Pitch pine (P. rigida) wood was treated with superheated steam (SHS) and the subsequent effects due to drying and heat treatment (HT) were observed. The following treatment parameters were tested: 180°C air HT, 220°C air HT, 0.1 MPa–180°C SHS HT, 0.1 MPa–220°C SHS HT, 0.5 MPa–180°C SHS HT, and 0.5 MPa–220°C SHS HT. No drying checks were observed in the specimens (500×150×50 mm3) treated at 0.5 MPa–220°C SHS and with these treatment parameters, equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was the lowest. Low EMC has an effect on physical properties such as shrinkage, compressive strength parallel to the grain, bending strength, hardness, and decay resistance. Based on the results, it is expected that the green wood in a large scale is possible to be simultaneously dried and heat-treated without occurrence of checks by the SHS HT process.

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Resin from Wild Pistachio Trees on Physical Properties and Durability of Beech Wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Soheila Izadyar ◽  
Yaser Babaei ◽  
Davood Efhamisisi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pistachio Trees

This study was carried out to investigate the physical properties and decay resistance of beech wood treated with natural pistachio resin (PR) from Iranian wild pistachio trees (Pistacia atlantica), alone and in combination with boric acid (BA). Wood samples were impregnated with different concentration of PR dissolved in ethanol (3 to 20 %) with vacuum-pressure technology. The combination of PR (20 %) and BA (2 %) was also conducted to evaluate any interaction or synergistic effects. The water absorption, volumetric swelling, and decay resistance against Trametes versicolor fungi, before and after a leaching test (EN 84), were measured on treated and untreated samples. The chemical compositions of PR were also identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The chemicals analysis identified more than 20 different compounds in the PR, monoterpenoids being the predominant fraction and α-pinene the major component. The samples treated with a higher concentration of PR showed much higher weight gain percentage (WG%). The results showed that the increase in WG% reduced the average values of water absorption and volumetric swelling of treated samples even after long terms of soaking in water. The decay resistance of the treated samples increased against white rotting fungi as the values of WG% increased. Efficient protection was seen when a combined treatment of PR and BA was used. Even after the leaching process, the weight loss of the treated samples was less than 3 percent. The samples treated with BA alone largely lost their effectiveness against fungal attack after the leaching. The use of PR along with an environmental friendly co-biocide can also be recommended for wood preservation in places that require minimal toxicity.

Effects of Heat-Treatment Temperature on the Properties of Negative CTE Eucryptite Ceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Qi Hong Wei ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Chong Hai Wang ◽  
Xiao Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Negative Thermal Expansion ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated

In this paper, negative thermal expansion coefficient eucryptite powders were prepared by sol-gel method using silica-sol as starting material. The raw blocks were obtained by dry pressing process after the powder was synthesized, and then the raw blocks were heat-treated at 600º, 1150º, 1280º, 1380º, 1420º and 1450°C, respectively. Variations of density, porosity and thermal expansion coefficient at different heat treatment temperatures were investigated. Phase transformation and fracture surface morphology of eucryptite heat-treated at different temperatures, respectively, were observed by XRD and SEM. The results indicate that, with the increasing heat- treatment temperature, the grain size and the bending strength increased, porosity decreased, thermal expansion coefficient decreased continuously. Negative thermal expansion coefficient of -5.3162×10-6~-7.4413×10-6 (0~800°C) was obtained. But when the heat-treatment temperature was more than 1420°C, porosity began to increase, bending strength began to decrease, which were the symbols of over-burning, while the main crystal phase didn’t change.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Decay Resistance of Chinese Fir and Pine

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1118-1122
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Li ◽  
Lan Xing Du ◽  
Gou Ying Hu ◽  
Xing Xia Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

To enhance decay resistance, the effect of heat treatment and the variation of chemical composition on Chinese Fir and Pine were investigated in this study — heat treatment temperature was 170°C, 190°C and 210°C, respectively, heat treatment time was 2, 3 and 4hours, respectively. Both of them were subsequently exposed to white-rot fungus and brown-rot fungus. The results showed that:(1) With the increasing of the heat treatment, decay resistance of Chinese Fir and Pine were improved, anti-corrosion of Pine after being heat treated at 190°C which were exposed to write-rot fungus can reach I, anti-corrosion of Chinese Fir after being heat treated at 170°C treated which were exposed to brown-rot fungus could reach I yet, After being heat treated at 210°C for 3 hours , the Chinese fir samples had no measurable weight loss when exposed to the write-rot fungus.(2) There was no remarkable influence on both Chinese Fir and Pine by heat treatment time.(3) The moisture content of Chinese Fir and Pine were lower than the moisture content that the rot fungus need, macromolecule chains such as cellulose and hemicellulose broke down, their contents decreased, and the hemicellulose decomposed into acetic acid, they prevented the growth of rot fungus.

Effect of Heat-Treatment Temperature on the Osteoconductivity of the Apatite Derived from Bovine Bone

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Rhee ◽  
Ho Nam Park ◽  
Yang Jo Seol ◽  
Chong Pyong Chung ◽  
Sang Hyuk Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Field Emission Electron Microscopy

Effect of heat-treatment temperature on the osteoconductivity of the apatite derived from bovine trabecular bone was investigated. Three different heat-treatment temperatures (600, 800 and 1000 oC) were adopted in the experiment and their effects on the physical properties of apatite granules, which could affect on the osteoconductivity, were evaluated. The content of carbonate ions in the apatite structure was assessed by FT-IR and its crystallinity was evaluated by X-ray diffractometry. The microstructure was assessed by field emission electron microscopy. Apatite granules heat-treated at 600 oC and 1000 oC were implanted into the calvaria of New Zealand White rabbit for 4 weeks, respectively, and the undecalcified ground histologic specimens stained with multiple staining method was observed. As increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the crystal size and crystallinity of the apatite increased while the content of carbonate ions decreased. The apatite granules heat-treated at 600 oC showed much better osteoconductivity comparing to that heat-treated at 1000 oC. The results were explained in terms of the physical properties of apatite which could affect to the osteoconductivity.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Effect on the Surface Properties of Carbon Cloth Electrode for Microbial Fuel Cell

2021 ◽  
pp. X
Author(s):  
Shih-Hang CHANG ◽  
Yuan-Ting TSAO ◽  
Kuan-Wei TUNG
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Treated Carbon

In this study, we investigate the effect of heat treatment on the surface properties of carbon cloth electrodes and on the power generation efficiencies of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) configured with the heat-treated carbon cloth electrodes. Water contact angle measurements show that the hydrophobic surfaces of the carbon cloth became super-hydrophilic after heat treatment at a temperature above 500 °C, making it suitable for bacterial propagation. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the signal of the C-O functional group of the carbon cloth electrodes increased in intensity after heat treatment. The MFCs configured with heat-treated carbon cloth electrode exhibited high power density of 16.58 mW/m2, whereas that of the untreated MFCs was only 8.86 mW m2. Compared with other chemical modifications, heat treatment does not use any environmentally unsound acidic or toxic solutions during modification and are promising for manufacturing large-scale MFC stacks.

Investigation of the Influence of Heat Treatment on the Strength of FGRP Used in Sandwich Constructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Protsenko ◽  
Daria P. Malysheva ◽  
Victor V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Point Bend ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the data of an experimental study on how heat treatment influences the physical and mechanical properties of cured samples of sandwich structures. The sandwich structures were made using VaRTM method. Heat treatment at 80 °С and 60 °С leads to increase in the bending strength. Three-point bend tests of sandwich structures and FGRP were conducted. Also, hardness and tensile strength were determined. Heat treatment results in increase of bending stress of FGRP by 71%, via the the tensile strength of heat-treated FGRP increased by 78%. The results characterize the relationship between the durability and the temperature and exposure time of the sandwich structures. The results correlate with the data of swelling of the cured binder. As a result of heat treatment at 80 °С for 4 hours, the extent of swelling decreased by 14%. The heat treatment of sandwich structures at a temperature of 80 °С for 4 hours is optimal and leads to increase in the tensile strength by 30.7%.

scholarly journals Effects of Heat Treatment of Selective Laser Melting Printed Ti-6Al-4V Specimens on Surface Texture Parameters and Cell Attachment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Pei-Wen Peng ◽  
Jen-Chang Yang ◽  
Wei-Fang Lee ◽  
Chih-Yuan Fang ◽  
Chun-Ming Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Characteristic Length ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Areal Surface

Selective laser melting (SLM) is extensively used for fabricating metallic biomedical products. After 3D printing, it is almost always advisable to apply a heat treatment to release the internal tensions or optimize the mechanical properties of the printed parts. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of heat treatment of SLM printed Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) circular specimens on the areal surface texture parameters and cell attachment. Areal surface texture parameters, including the arithmetic mean height (Sa), root-mean-square height (Sq), skewness (Ssk), and kurtosis (Sku) were characterized. In addition, wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis was applied to investigate the characteristic length scales of untreated and heat-treated Ti64 specimens. In this study, the vertical distance between the highest and lowest position of cell attachment for each sampling area was defined as DH. Results showed that an increase in the periodic characteristic length scale was primarily due to the formation of large-scale aggregations of Ti64 metal powder particles on the heat-treated surface. In addition, MG-63 cells preferred lying in concave hollows; in heat-treated specimens, values of DH statistically significantly decreased from 31.6 ± 4.2 to 8.8 ± 2.8 μm, while Sku decreased from 3.3 ± 1.4 to 2.6 ± 0.6, indicating a strong influence of Sku on cell attachment.

scholarly journals Changes of major chemical components in larch wood through combined treatment of drying and heat treatment using superheated steam

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggun Park ◽  
Soo-Kyeong Jang ◽  
Jun-Ho Park ◽  
Sang-Yun Yang ◽  
Hyunwoo Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Larch Wood ◽  
Major Chemical

scholarly journals The effect of oil heat treatment on biological, mechanical and physical properties of bamboo

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Hao ◽  
Qiuyi Wang ◽  
Yihua Wang ◽  
Xin Han ◽  
Chenglong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Methyl Silicone

AbstractBamboo is now widely used in construction, papermaking, textile, furniture and other fields because of its renewable, fast-growing, high-strength, high-yield and easy processing. However, compared with wood, bamboo and bamboo products are more vulnerable to damage by fungi and pests. An effective and eco-friendly method is urgently needed to improve their physical and chemical properties, decay resistance and anti-mildew properties, and hydrophobic properties. Here, bamboo was heated with methyl silicone oil. The effect of different temperatures (140 °C–200 °C) and different times (2 h–6 h) on the properties of bamboo was studied systematically, including chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, surface wettability, decay resistance and anti-mildew property. No starch granules were observed inside the parenchymal cell lumen of bamboo specimen heat treated at 200 °C for 6 h. And with the increase of heat treatment temperature and time, the content of cellulose and hemicellulose decreases gradually while relative content of lignin increases due to its better thermal stability. Accordingly, the surface wettability decreases due to the changes of the surface functional groups and micro-morphologies. Under the condition of oil heat treatment at 160 °C for 2 h, the compressive strength parallel to grain of bamboo samples reach the maximum of 109.52 MPa. With further increase of heating temperature, the corresponding compressive strength decreases. The resulted bending strength and MOE both display similar changing trend. However, the optimal parameter is at 180 °C for 2 h, with the highest bending strength and MOE values of 142.42 MPa and 12,373.00 MPa, respectively. Finally, the decay resistance and anti-mildew property are dramatically enhanced with increased heat treatment temperature and time. All the corresponding changing mechanisms are investigated in depth and in detail. Our results provide comprehensive process parameters and micro-mechanism for the performance of oil heat treatment of bamboo, which can be used to guide the actual production.

BOFORS BP20-2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Zinc Alloys ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alloy Tool

Abstract BOFORS BP20-2 is a vacuum-degassed (BOVAC) alloy tool steel recommended for plastic molds, brake dies, die-casting dies for tin, lead and zinc alloys, and for constructional parts. It is supplied prehardened to 270-300 Brinell and needs no further heat treatment before use; however, it may be heat treated for a number of applications that require higher hardness and strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-263. Producer or source: Bofors Steels Inc..

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