Beech wood treated with polyglycerol succinate: a new effective method for its protection and stabilization

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément L’Hostis ◽  
Emmanuel Fredon ◽  
Marie-France Thévenon ◽  
Francisco-José Santiago-Medina ◽  
Philippe Gérardin
Keyword(s):  
Beech Wood ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Middle Infrared

AbstractThis paper deals with an original and non-biocidal chemical treatment consisting of a vacuum/pressure impregnation step of beech wood with a water-borne mixture made from heat-activated condensation of succinic anhydride (SA) and glycerol (G). Chemical structures of adducts were established using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF) investigations. Beech wood was impregnated and cured in order to induce in situ polymerization of glycerol/succinic adducts (GSA) in the cell walls, leading to the formation of polyglycerol succinate (PGS) polyester. Various treatment conditions were investigated depending on the duration (6–72 h) and curing temperature (103–160°C). Weight percent gains (WPGs) ranging between 40 and 60% were obtained. Attenuated total reflectance-middle infrared spectroscopy (ATR-MIR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy confirmed polyester formation. A curing temperature of 160°C was found to be the best condition to totally avoid polymer leaching, and brought the anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) up to 64%. Decay resistance of PGS-treated wood against Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana was also strongly temperature and time dependent: performances fit with the EN113 standard requirements if a curing temperature of 160°C was applied.

Improvement of beech wood properties by in situ formation of polyesters of citric and tartaric acid in combination with glycerol

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément L’Hostis ◽  
Marie-France Thévenon ◽  
Emmanuel Fredon ◽  
Philippe Gérardin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection

AbstractBeech wood has been treated by impregnation followed by heating at various temperatures with solutions containing citric acid (CA) or tartaric acid (TA) alone or in combination with glycerol (G), i.e. with G+CA and G+TA. The resulting modified woods were tested in terms of resistance to leaching, durability and dimensional stability. These properties are improved as a function of heating temperature, which leads to higher levels of poly-esterification involving grafting onto wood simultaneously with thermal degradation of wood. Dimensional stability of all treated wood was increased, but glycerol does not have a positive effect with this regard. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy contributed to understanding the effects of the different treatments.In situpolymerization of G+TA at 140°C increased the bending resistance, while G+CA polymerization does not compensate notably the mechanical weakness induced by thermal degradation of wood at higher temperatures. However, G+CA treatment is more efficient regarding leaching and decay resistance, than that with G+TA.

Dimensional Stability, Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of MUF-Boron Treated Wood

2011 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bo Chai ◽  
Jun Liang Liu ◽  
Xing Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Wood Modification ◽  
Treatment Conditions

In order to improve the dimensional stability, mechanical properties and fire resistance of the wood from Cryptomeria fortunei, the melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin and the mixture of MUF/boric acid/borax (MBB) were prepared and used as the wood modification solution. Results show that both the MUF resin and the MBB solutions exhibit good permeability to wood. Under the same treatment conditions, the weight percent gains (WPG) of treated wood increases with the increasing concentration of modification solutions. MUF and MBB modification solutions can effectively enhance the dimensional stability, MOR, MOE and fire resistance of wood. Compared with MBB treated wood, MUF treated wood exhibits higher MOR and dimensional stability. The MBB treated wood has higher MOE and fire resistance than MUF treated wood.

scholarly journals Effect of short-chain silicones bearing different functional groups on the resistance of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) against decay fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Pries ◽  
Roland Wagner ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kaesler ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Decay Fungi

Abstract Blocks of pine sapwood and beech wood were treated with water-based emulsions containing short-chain silicones with different α-ω-bonded functional groups, such as diamino, carboxyl and carbonyl, betain, and epoxy groups. The weight percent gain upon treatment of the pine wood specimens was relatively high (10%–20%), but their cross-sectional bulking was low (1%–2.5%). Thus, the anti-shrink efficiency (ASE) due to the treatment was also low. The first water-submersion tests revealed some hydrophobation of the treated wood. A second submersion test, however, revealed successful hydrophobation only for betain-functionalised material. The carboxylated silicone even increased the speed of water uptake as compared to the controls. The samples treated with silicones bearing epoxy, diamino, and carboxy functionalities showed a distinct reduction in mass loss compared to the control samples after 16 weeks of incubation with the fungi Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor according to EN 113 and CEN/TS 15083-1, whereas the betain-functionalised silicone did not enhance fungal resistance. All silicones tested lowered the mass loss in a soft rot test according to ENv 807. The mode of action of the silicones is discussed.

Protection mechanisms of DMDHEU treated wood against white and brown rot fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Verma ◽  
Ulrich Junga ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Fine Wood

AbstractThe resistance of beech and pine wood blocks treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) againstTrametes versicolorandConiophora puteanaincreased with increasing weight percent gain (WPG) of DMDHEU. Full protection [mass loss (ML) below 3%] was reached at WPGs of approximately 15% (beech) and 10% (pine). Untreated and DMDHEU treated blocks were infiltrated with nutrients and thiamine prior to fungal incubation and it was observed whether the destruction or removal of nutrients and vitamins during the modification process has an influence on the ML caused by the fungi. This study revealed that no considerable differences were found. Then, the cell wall integrity was partly destroyed by milling and the decay of the fine wood powder filled into steel mesh bags was compared to that of wood mini-blocks. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effects of surface area, cell wall bulking, and reduction in micro-void diameters play a role in decay resistance. The ML caused by the fungi, however, also decreased with increasing WPG and showed comparable patterns similar to the case of mini-blocks. ML of powder bearing the highest WPG appeared to be caused by losses in DMDHEU during fungal incubation. For brown rotted wood, the infrared absorption ratios at 1030 cm-1and 1505 cm-1revealed decreasing decay of polysaccharides with increasing WPG of treated wood.

An innovative method for the chemical modification of Carpinus betulus wood: a methodology and approach study

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 839-846
Author(s):  
Ehsan Bari ◽  
Ali Jamali ◽  
Nouredin Nazarnezhad ◽  
Darrel D. Nicholas ◽  
Miha Humar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Acetic Acid Treatment ◽  
Modify Wood ◽  
Impact Bending

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of acetyl and methyl bonds on the physical, mechanical, photochemical and biological resistance properties of hornbeam wood.Carpinus betulus(hornbeam) wood is considered to be a less valuable species due to poor durability. In order to improve its properties, a novel and simple method was applied to modify wood samples. Hence, wood samples were modified by either acetylation or methylation at four treatment levels. Reactions between hornbeam wood and the formalin and acetic acid treatment system were successful as exemplified by increased mass [weight percent gain (WPG)], slightly better compression strength and considerably improved impact bending strength. Furthermore, the biological decay resistance of the treated wood samples increased for all of the treatments.

Durability Improvement of Bio-Based Material by Polymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Li ◽  
Yi Xing Liu ◽  
Yun Lin Fu ◽  
Qing Lin Wu ◽  
Xiang Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ftir Analysis

Bio-based materials such as wood, bamboo, bio-straw material are vulnerable to degradation by microorganisms and susceptible to change in dimension under humidity, which greatly reduced their service life. In this study, a novel thought was inspired from the unique porous structure of bio-based material that durability of wood may be capable of being improved by generating polymer in situ the special structure. Maleic anhydride (Man) and Styrene (St) were used to penetrate into wood for further copolymerization. SEM observation shows that polymer filled in wood porous structure and tightly contacted wood matrix (i.e. biopolymers), indicating strong interaction between them. FTIR analysis indicates that polymer chemically grafted onto wood matrix by reaction of anhydride group and hydroxyl group. As the amount of hydroxyl groups greatly reduced for their reacting with polymer, the dimensional stability of wood immersing in water was improved; and as the reaction of wood with polymer, the biopolymers were wrapped by resultant polymer, preventing the sample from attack of microorganisms, thus decay resistance of treated wood against microorganisms was greatly improved. Both of them contributed to the improvement of wood durability.

Effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin oligomer size on the decay resistance of beech wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimirs Biziks ◽  
Sascha Bicke ◽  
Gerald Koch ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation

AbstractTreating wood with water-soluble resins is a well-known and effective method to improve the durability of wood. However, there has been no systematic work to date related to the influence of average molecular size of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin on the decay resistance of wood, especially of hardwoods. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of average molecular size of PF resin treatment on the resistance of beech wood against brown- and white-rot fungi. Four different average molecular weights (Mw) of resol type resin oligomers (297, 421, 655 and 854 g/mol) were examined. Different weight percent gains (WPGs) in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood blocks (15 × 20 × 50 mm3) were attained through vacuum impregnation using various concentrations of aqueous-PF solutions. Afterwards treated wood blocks passed the leaching and were exposed to brown-rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum; Coniophora puteana) and white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor) for 16 weeks. No effect of oligomer size on the resistance against G. trabeum decay of wood blocks was observed, resulting in resin loadings of 7–8%. The required WPG for resistance to brown-rot decay by C. puteana increased slightly with increasing oligomer molecular size: 6, 7, 10 and 11% for wood treated with 297, 421, 655 and 854 g/mol, respectively. The extent of white-rot fungal decay resistance of treated wood was affected by the molecular size of oligomers. Resin loadings of 8% and of 17% against T. versicolor were required to attain similar durability levels for beech wood treated with Mw = 297 and 854 g/mol, respectively.

scholarly journals Treatment of wood with atmospheric plasma discharge: study of the treatment process, dynamic wettability and interactions with a waterborne coating

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jure Žigon ◽  
Matjaž Pavlič ◽  
Pierre Kibleur ◽  
Jan Van den Bulcke ◽  
Marko Petrič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Waterborne Coating ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPlasma treatment is becoming a mature technique for modification of surfaces of various materials, including wood. A better insight in the treatment process and the impact of the plasma on properties of wood bulk are still needed. The study was performed on Norway spruce and common beech wood, as well as their thermally modified variations. The formations of the airborne discharge, as well as mass changes of the treated wood, were monitored. The impact of such treatment on wood-coating interaction was investigated by evaluating the dynamic wettability and penetration into wood. At the wood surface, plasma streamers were observed more intense on denser latewood regions. Wood mass loss was higher with increasing number of passes through the plasma discharge and was lower for thermally modified wood than for unmodified wood. Plasma treatment increased the surface free energy of all wood species and lowered the contact angles of a waterborne coating, these together indicating enhanced wettability after treatment. Finally, the distribution and penetration depth of the coating were studied with X-ray microtomography. It was found that the coating penetrated deeper into beech than into spruce wood. However, the treatment with plasma increased the penetration of the coating only into spruce wood.

scholarly journals In-Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction Study of Austenite Decomposition During Rapid Cooling and Isothermal Holding in Two HSLA Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1812-1825
Author(s):  
Sen Lin ◽  
Ulrika Borggren ◽  
Andreas Stark ◽  
Annika Borgenstam ◽  
Wangzhong Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Bainitic Transformation ◽  
Austenite Decomposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
X Ray

AbstractIn-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction experiments with high temporal resolution during rapid cooling (280 °C s−1) and isothermal heat treatments (at 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C for 30 minutes) were performed to study austenite decomposition in two commercial high-strength low-alloy steels. The rapid phase transformations occurring in these types of steels are investigated for the first time in-situ, aiding a detailed analysis of the austenite decomposition kinetics. For the low hardenability steel with main composition Fe-0.08C-1.7Mn-0.403Si-0.303Cr in weight percent, austenite decomposition to polygonal ferrite and bainite occurs already during the initial cooling. However, for the high hardenability steel with main composition Fe-0.08C-1.79Mn-0.182Si-0.757Cr-0.094Mo in weight percent, the austenite decomposition kinetics is retarded, chiefly by the Mo addition, and therefore mainly bainitic transformation occurs during isothermal holding; the bainitic transformation rate at the isothermal holding is clearly enhanced by lowered temperature from 550 °C to 500 °C and 450 °C. During prolonged isothermal holding, carbide formation leads to decreased austenite carbon content and promotes continued bainitic ferrite formation. Moreover, at prolonged isothermal holding at higher temperatures some degenerate pearlite form.

Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Emmerich ◽  
Maja Bleckmann ◽  
Sarah Strohbusch ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Susanne Bollmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Action ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Decay Tests ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot (Trametes versicolor), brown rot (Coniophora puteana) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document