scholarly journals The definition and classification of innovation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Timur Kogabayev ◽  
Antanas Maziliauskas
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe paper presents the different definitions of innovation; the objective of the research being that of creating a theoretical model building on the previous work of several authors. The aim of the research is to define the different models, classifications and definitions of innovation. In this article we made use of a wide range of bibliographical sources on innovation, efficiency and also used comparative analysis of innovation definitions. Theoretical concepts were studied as well. The approach was constructed based on theoretical models of innovation definitions and used the technology and market perspectives. The main methods employed were comparative analysis of definitions of innovation and the creation of a model of innovation. It has been emphasized in the literature that the role of innovation is very important for making decisions regarding investment projects or investments for production. Innovation can bring benefits such as saving time, costs, and products and use them more effectively. Nowadays in the world, innovation is one of the most important factors of economic development, production, creation of a variety of products and in making management decisions. Innovation activity stimulates and has a positive effect also in investment activity.Innovation is the core action for the development and productivity of any economic activity. Investment activity and its results are directly dependent on the type of innovation that has been used. An important range of literature sources refer to innovation efficiency measurement criteria, which are in most cases related to product, technology (process) and market. The use of a number of different measurement indicators is leading to the need for further examination of the innovation-business performance relationship. Our findings have let us distinguish five major groups of criteria where various factors could be allocated. To the three groups (product, market and process) we allocate two additional groups: finance and management. Innovation plays an important role in the efficiency of investments in an organization, forms of business activity and state policy in the field of business and design.

real investment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Марина Чараева ◽  
Marina Charaeva
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Strategic Human Resource Management ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Real Investment

Covers the basics of real investment in the Russian Federation as the basis of economic development of the country. Examines the major categories of investments, investment policy, investment climate in Russia, the basic approaches and techniques. Highlights the features of investment activity of commercial enterprises, the formation of investment strategies, strategic human resource management in the investment process. In the conditions of innovative development of the Russian economy the special relevance of investment planning and business planning at the enterprises. Reveal the financial potential of investment activity and portfolio investment projects. The wide range of topics related to the evaluation of the effectiveness and riskiness of investment projects. Meets the current requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education. For undergraduate and graduate students in the areas of economic and managerial profile of the students, teachers and listeners of system of additional professional education.

scholarly journals Legal Provision of State Guarantees in the Investment Sphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Целовальникова ◽  
I. Celoval'nikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article deals with the provisions of the current legislation containing measures of state stimulation of investment activity for the purpose of industrial development and production of competitive products. Among the array of legislation, the author identifies the position of the industrial policy under which conditions are created for legal, economic and organizational stimulation of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs to establish or maintain (modernizing) industrial projects in the Russian Federation. The author points out that the legislation provides for financial assistance in terms of grants from the federal budget of the Russian Federation, the budgets of the Russian Federation, local budgets; the possibility of concluding a special investment contract; provision of information and consulting services; support scientific and technological activity and innovation activity of investors in the industry. The article details the procedure for granting state guarantees of the Russian Federation on loans or bond loans, attracted for implementation of investment projects related to the creation of new or renovation of existing social, agroindustrial, industrial, utility and transportation facilities, and the possibility of their further exploitation. The authors point to the desirability of introducing legislation on investment activities, the provisions on the criteria for the recognition of investment objects as socially important facilities in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Financial Resources for the Growth of the Russian Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
V. I. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Production

The article deals with the formation of financing mechanisms for the dynamic growth of the Russian economy, focused on ensuring the country's global economic and technological competitiveness in the long-term period. The transition to sustainable, dynamic development in modern Russian conditions is associated with implementing a deep structural and technological modernisation of the national economy. It should be focused on further improving the country's infrastructure and expanding the existing sectoral structure of the Russian economy based on advanced development of the production of modern machinery and equipment for a wide range of sectors of the national economy. One of the independent priority of structural modernisation is the accelerated development of technologies of a new technological order (NBIK technologies) and the creation of production facilities to produce new types of high-tech products to diversify exports and increase the global competitiveness of the Russian industry. The solution to this problem involves a significant increase in investment activity in the economy, at least by a third (at least 10 per cent of GDP). In the current conditions, the rise in investment activity should face several restrictions. First, with the weakness of the Russian national production of investment equipment, which can be overcome through imports, but most importantly, through the development of its own production of machinery and equipment in the national industry's structural modernisation. Second, the weakness of the national financial system, which is reflected in the lack of long-term savings and the low level of monetisation of the national economy. For overcoming this limitation, it is proposed to form a special investment circuit based on a targeted credit issue to finance investment projects. The conditions and limitations of using the target credit issue to finance economic growth are considered.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Information Eco-environment on the Investment Attractiveness of the City

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Issue 04) ◽  
pp. 641-652
Author(s):  
Irina Gladilina ◽  
Svetlana Sergeeva ◽  
Nelli Kozhevnikova ◽  
Elizaveta Tokareva
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The information eco-environment of the city, aimed at attracting investment, is designed to solve the problems of forming investment attractiveness, protection from unscrupulous investors, obtaining reliable information when justifying the implementation of investment projects, participation in them. Considering the dynamism of modern investment processes, the creation of an effective information eco-environment is an important component of the development of the investment process, especially from the point of view of ensuring effective interaction of its participants and attracting a wide range of investors to the investment activity process. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the impact of the information eco-environment on the processes of investment in the urban environment and increase the investment attractiveness of the city. However, the features of information support of the investment market specifically at the municipal level remain insufficiently studied. Based on the analysis of literary sources and an expert survey, this article examines the forms of information disclosure that are most effective from the point of view of investors; factors of investment attractiveness that should be paid attention to when forming an information eco-environment. Finally, this article suggests the identification of key areas of development of the urban information eco-environment, which can be transformed into the investment attractiveness of the city. The results showed that the systematic use of the information eco-environment of the city should create conditions for users to receive the necessary information promptly, which contributes to the activation of investment activity, increasing its efficiency.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE INVESTMENT POLICY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Developed Countries

The investigation has defined the relevance of the topic which lays in the need of studying of questions related to the innovative investment policy of enterprises in conditions of digitalization as well were identified not enough studied aspects in this direction. The article presents features of innovation and investment policy of enterprises in the context of digital transformation in the country. Such features are related to the development of digital infrastructure, digital literacy of the population, the degree of state involvement in these processes, and the expected social, economic, technological and environmental effects. Was studied the experience of the developed countries on this issue and considered the possibility of applying some innovative investment models in domestic practice. Was Performed an analysis of innovation and investment activities in terms of economic activities and region, which indicates a low level of innovation activity and investment attractiveness. At the same time, the data of the official statistics testify that in the first place of the direction of investment in innovations are the expenses for procurement of machines, equipment, and software. However, in recent years there has been an increase in investment in the IT sector. Was performed grouping of development endeavors by volume of investment was carried out, which showed that most investments are directed to the development of blockchain technologies, artificial intelligence, and robotics. Was studied innovative investment activity in the IT sector and identified the effects of such activities of enterprises in terms of social, economic, technological, and environmental transformations, as well as conditions that procure them. Conclusions were made about the need for active participation of the state in the development and implementation of innovative investment policy for enterprises. Proposed measures to support the implementation of innovative investment projects that will accelerate the digital transformation of advanced technologies in the activities of domestic enterprises, etc.

scholarly journals State regulation and investment support at the regional level: Kaluga region experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Osipov ◽  
Kamilhan Akhmedov
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
State Support ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Kaluga Region

The article is devoted to the actual problems of state regulation and support of investment activity at the regional level. The importance of creating a favorable business environment for sustainable development, ensuring the flow of investment and the intensification of investment activities in particular at the regional level is shown. The experience of Kaluga region in state support and regulation of investment activity is considered. The complex of development institutions created in the region for these purposes is described. The legislative framework of state support for investment activities, including the provision of tax incentives and preferences is defined. Infrastructure investment projects implemented in the Kaluga region, including the most massive of them – industrial parks, are listed. Seven categories of investors that receive state support in the Kaluga region are given. Requirements for investors to be assigned to each category are analyzed. Their tax privileges and preferences, primarily on such taxes as the tax on profit of organizations and tax on property of organizations are described. It is noted that despite the development and implementation of a wide range of measures for state support of investment entities, Kaluga region has recently begun to give up its leadership position. An attempt to explain the current situation is made. In this regard, it is of interest to search for new measures to improve state regulation and support investment activities both at the Federal and regional levels, some of which are discussed in the article. In particular, the need for greater orientation of measures for state support of investment activities of small and medium-sized businesses was noted. The feasibility of direct inclusion of investors – residents of industrial parks in the system of state support measures was underlined.

Tax incentives of China’s investments in Zabaykalsky Krai: implementation of behavioral economic models

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Irina Vitalevna Mezentseva
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Subjective Aspect ◽  
Investment Process

Currently, the Russian regions apply a vast array of tools for regulating the investment process, including tax incentives. Active use of tax preferences is dictated by the fact that in the conditions of regional budget deficit, tax incentives, unlike subsidies, do not require direct budget expenditures for stimulating investment activity. However, the world experience demonstrates that tax incentives do not fall under the group of factors that strongly affect investment decisions. For determining the degree of preference of tax incentives in relation to other measures of regional support, a survey was carried among Chinese investors, who implement investment projects on the territory of Zabaykalsky Krai. The survey was based on a method of hierarchical analysis based on the special matrices by filed in by the investors. The acquired results displayed that out of ten measures of state support, tax incentives hold the eighth place. The calculated coefficient of the significance of tax incentives testifies to the low attractiveness of fiscal stimuli for the Chinese investors. The authora attempted to find the reasons for tax incentive not being in demand. The scientific novelty of this work consists in conducting the analysis of regional legislation that regulates the order of granting investment tax incentives based on the concept of behavioral economics. In the course of application of the provisions of behavioral economics, emphasis was made on the subjective aspect of the mechanism of preferential taxation. The reasonableness of considering such peculiarities of human mind as cognitive inertia and relativity is substantiated with regards to arranging the structure of tax incentives that would allow increasing the importance of tax incentives in formation of investment climate on the territory of Zabaykalsky Krai. The authors make recommendations on increasing the attractiveness of tax incentives among Chinese investors based on the concept of reference point and the effect of loss aversion.

Real options in business valuation and investment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Андрей Гусев ◽  
Andrey Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Real Options ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Investment Analysis ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Business Valuation ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Specific Calculations

In the presented monograph discusses the major problems associated with the development of methods of investment analysis and application of real options method in the assessment of efficiency of investment projects and valuation of enterprise (business). Disclosed the content of the basic models of evaluation of real options, a classification of real options, the theoretical principles supported by specific calculations. Scientific publication intended for graduate students, University teachers, scientific employees, specializing in the field of management of investment activity of enterprises and business valuation.

К ВОПРОСУ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ФИНАНСОВО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ В СФЕРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ В РФ: ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ, СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ С ЗАРУБЕЖНЫМИ СТРАНАМИ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Михаил Геннадьевич Чепрасов ◽  
Юлия Станиславовна Лисачева ◽  
Евгения Дмитриевна Стрельникова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article discusses the problematic aspects of the financial and legal regulation of innovation activity in the Russian Federation, as well as ways to solve them. A comparative analysis with foreign countries is presented. В данной статье рассмотрены проблемные аспекты финансово-правового регулирования инновационной деятельности в РФ, а также пути их решения. Представлен сравнительный анализ с зарубежными странами.

RESEARCH ON INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: TRENDS AND PROBLEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-73
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Ivanovich Bogdanenko
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
Innovation Processes

In the monograph the theoretical identification of concepts and categorical series of state regulation of investment-innovation processes are investigated; the directions of optimization of the state policy of innovation and investment development management in Ukraine are determined; the organizational and legal principles of the state regulation of development of intellectual potential of the population are substantiated; the areas of development and improvement of the national innovation system as an object of state policy are highlighted and assessed. The monograph will be interesting for scholars, lecturers, doctoral and graduate students, and will also be useful to practical politicians, journalists and media workers and a wide range of readers interested in investment and innovation activities.

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