Fartspottings: Reflections on “high seriousness” and poetic passings of wind

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nester
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
American Poetry ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe mention of farts in English language poetry has changed just as the role of poetry in our lives. This essay offers a survey of the uses and mentions of the word fart and the act of farting in poetry, centering around poet and critic Matthew Arnold's notion of “high seriousness” as the ideal place for poetry, as well as poet Robert Lowell's idea of the “raw and cooked” in 20th century American poetry. Questions posed: Can poetry and the mention of farts coexist? Can both anti-academic and academic poets' farts find their way to the page in a post-post-“high seriousness” age?

Towards a theory of sporadic rhyming

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roi Tartakovsky
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Characteristics

A surprising amount of 20th-century (and earlier) English-language poetry employs rhyme, but not the rhyme we normally think of, which marks the end of the line in metrical poetry, but a kind of half-intentional half-accidental rhyme that can appear anywhere within the text. This type of rhyming, which I term ‘sporadic’ and distinguish from ‘systematic,’ has illuminating potential as it relies on, but also departs from traditional rhyme functions. As such, it asks for a new theorization. In this essay I elaborate the core characteristics of sporadic rhyming, and then exemplify and qualify these through a series of readings.

PRETENTIOUS SCANSION, FASCIST AESTHETICS, AND A FATHER-COMPLEX FOR JOYCE: E. E. CUMMINGS ON SAPPHICS AND EZRA POUND

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 178-198
Author(s):  
J. Alison Rosenblitt
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
English Verse ◽  
Father Complex

This paper considers a Sapphic poem written by E. E. Cummings: ‘the phonograph may(if it likes)be prophe’, which takes aim at Ezra Pound's relationship to the classical tradition and in particular at Pound's classicising use of quantitative metre. Cummings’ humourous but biting poem comments on Pound's literary ideas in the light of his fascist politics. Cummings’ poem constructs a layered discussion about ownership of the Classical tradition and about the privileging of the Classical aesthetic versus the English ear in English-language poetry. Thus Cummings offers both a critique of Pound and, implicitly, a literary argument concerning the role of the Classics in English verse.

scholarly journals THE MEANS OF EXPRESSION OF THE CATEGORY OF ADMIRATIVENESS IN RUSSIAN, FRENCH AND ENGLISH

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena K. Kuzmina ◽  
Gulnara G. Nazarova ◽  
Lilia R. Nizameeva ◽  
Gérard Broussois
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
French And English ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The comprehension of admirativeness as an independent category took place relatively recently – at the end of the 20th century. Until now, some scholars have not recognized an independent character of admirative. However, in recent years there has been an increasingly noticeable tendency to recognize the separate role of admirativeness and to indicate that the expression of surprise evoked by unexpected information cannot be combined with similar meanings. At the same time, the ways and degree of expression of admirativeness in different language systems vary significantly. The introduction of such grammatical category as admirativeness and the term “admirative” refers to the second half of the 19th century. In 1879, O. Dozon coined the term in his works on the Albanian language. The choice of this name (Fr. admiratif comes from the verb “to admire”) is determined by the fact that the linguist interpreted the concept as a certain sense of admiration or surprise, often having an ironic character. Further the development of this direction showed that admirative had the meaning of surprise rather than admiration. In this connection, in 1997, S. de Lancey first singled out this concept into a separate grammatical category. The scholar substantiates it by the fact that in a number of languages, such as Korean, Turkish, Tibetan, Dardic, Sanvar, etc., admirative has a separate grammatical expression. The identification of admirativeness as a separate linguistic phenomenon with a number of specific features has been still the subject of controversy among the researchers. Characteristics and distinctive features of admirativeness, allowing for the separation it from other similar categories will be considered later in the paper (Davletbaeva et al., 2013). In his writings, S. de Lancey uses the term “mirative”, thereby excluding its correlation with admiration introduced by O. Dozon from the meaning of the concept, and indicating that its primary function is to convey the subject’s astonishment. To date, the term “mirative” is widely used in English-language grammar. V.A. Plugnyan notes that the use of this term is more grounded from a typological point of view, however, the use of the concept “admirative” is often retained in domestic works (Smagina, 1996).

scholarly journals Androcentrism of English proverbs and Anti-Proverbs with Gender Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Maria Kirsanova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Changing Role

Since the 20th century with the birth of feminism, gender studies have undergone analysis in many areas of knowledge. Special attention has been paid to the theory of androcentricity in the English language and the deficiency of female images in speech. In this article, the images of men and women presented by English proverbs and anti-proverbs are analyzed. The objective of this research is to find out if proverbs are androcentric and present male mindsets and world views. The other aim is to check whether anti-proverbs reflect the changing role of women in society. To fulfill these purposes, proverbs with gender components (man/woman, wife/husband, he/she etс.) were selected and underwent a semantic analysis. In order to reveal the evolution of the images of men and women we compared the images of men and women illustrated in proverbs with those shown in anti-proverbs with the same gender components. As a result, we came to the conclusion that both proverbs and anti-proverbs are androcentric; however, in anti-proverbs female opinions are more representative when compared to proverbs. To sum up, it is obvious that the role of women is changing and the changes are reflected in the language. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

scholarly journals Androcentrism of English proverbs and Anti-Proverbs with Gender Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Maria Kirsanova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Views ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Changing Role

Since the 20th century with the birth of feminism, gender studies have undergone analysis in many areas of knowledge. Special attention has been paid to the theory of androcentricity in the English language and the deficiency of female images in speech. In this article, the images of men and women presented by English proverbs and anti-proverbs are analyzed. The objective of this research is to find out if proverbs are androcentric and present male mindsets and world views. The other aim is to check whether anti-proverbs reflect the changing role of women in society. To fulfill these purposes, proverbs with gender components (man/woman, wife/husband, he/she etс.) were selected and underwent a semantic analysis. In order to reveal the evolution of the images of men and women we compared the images of men and women illustrated in proverbs with those shown in anti-proverbs with the same gender components. As a result, we came to the conclusion that both proverbs and anti-proverbs are androcentric; however, in anti-proverbs female opinions are more representative when compared to proverbs. To sum up, it is obvious that the role of women is changing and the changes are reflected in the language.

scholarly journals The History of the Soviet Arctic Development in the English-Language Historiography of the Late 20th and the Early 21st Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-601
Author(s):  
Denis Anan'ev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Arctic Region

In the modern context the Arctic region is considered to be an arena for fierce international competition. The need to address numerous political, economic, legal and environmental issues, connected with this region, compels to rethink the historical experience of its development. The history of the Arctic Zone development made by the Russian Federation (particularly the Soviet period) has been studied both by Russian and foreign scholars. This paper intends to analyze the contemporary English-language publications on this topic; as well as to determine their subject matter and to identify the key trends in the English-language historiography of the Soviet Arctic development. The study has found that the contemporary English-speaking researchers (P. Josephson, J. McCannon, P. Horensma) consider a wide range of issues related to the history of the Soviet Arctic. For instance, the scholars write about the conduct of scientific research, administrative reforms and economic development, as well as about environmental issues and problems of indigenous population of the region. The theme of clarifying the role of the Soviet Union in determination of international and legal status of the Arctic region has been emphasized in the literature studied (N. Fogelson, J. McCannon). In the context of the «cultural turn» in the late 20th-century historiography Western researchers (P. Horensma, J. McCannon) analyzed the role of ideology and propaganda in constructing «the Arctic myth», its significance for the Soviet mass culture. The access to the Russian archives and their availability allowed the modern Western scholars to conduct their researches there, that resulted in obtaining a more objective assessment of the real victories and failures in the development of the Soviet Arctic. Summarizing the historical experience of the Russian Arctic development in the late 20th century the majority of Western authors believe that only the full-scale international cooperation will make it possible to effectively address the problems of the region.

Poetry of East Africa: from the mid-20th till present

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
First Time

The book deals with the development of English and Swahili poetry in three East African countries: Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. It covers the period from the late 1960s to the present day. For the first time in the world African literary studies, the researcher created a comprehensive picture of the East African literary process of the second half of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. The author analyzes two branches of modern East African poetry, such as the English-language poetry of Uganda and Kenya and the Swahili poetry of Kenya and Tanzania, by dwelling on the works of over 30 modern East African poets. An extensive poetic corpus is used to characterize its themes and artistic features. The poetry of modern East African authors is analyzed considering the culture, traditions, and realities of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania.

The (Hegemonic?) Role of the English Language

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Tomuschat
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
World Wide ◽  
European History ◽  
European Languages ◽  
World Level ◽  
Primary Instrument

Latin was the language mostly used by international lawyers in the early centuries of European history, later replaced by French. In the course of the 20th century, the monopoly of French was progressively eroded by English. At world level, English has become the primary instrument of communication, whose dominance is not confined to diplomatic intercourse, but has also intruded into academia. Numerous international law journals have switched to English at least as a supplementary language. This ascendance of English has the great advantage of ensuring easy communication among lawyers world-wide. Yet the concentration on English leads to neglect of writing in other languages, and accordingly, to an impoverishment of intellectual debate. The use of English, tends to degenerate into a tool of political hegemony. All international lawyers should make an effort to reach at least a passive knowledge of the traditional European languages in order to avoid a “déformation linguistique”.

scholarly journals So Imagism Began

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
English Language ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
Narrative History

The paper aims at exploring the importance of the first period of Imagism development in the twentieth-century literary history. Turning our mind to the dawn of Imagism is important because the analysis of its first stage helps uncover the main goal of the research – to prove that the short success history and the long-term influence of Imagism on the twentieth-century English-language poetry and lyrical narrative history have been rooted both in the practical “behaviour rules” for the new poetry and in the complex aesthetic debate with the previous tradition – Classicism, Romanticism and Symbolism. The new focus of the research is the investigation of “The Poets’ Club” (T. E. Hulme, F. Flint et al.) and particularly Edward Storer’s activity in Imagist theory and practice elaboration. This aspect of the paper adjusts and deepens the generally accepted point of view on the Ezra Pound’s decisive role in shaping the movement being the only “impresario” of Imagism and Modernism. T. E. Hulme’s ideas of breaking with the Romantic aesthetics for the Classicist one; substituting metaphor with analogy; focusing on particular physical image ((“Lecture on Modern Poetry”, 1908; “Romanticism and Classicism”, 1911) were supported by Edward Storer. The search for new verse poetics denying the absolute imperative of syllabic tonics, artificial rhythm and rhyme, was also common. First imagists’ theoretical views review is backed up with the analysis of Hulme’s (“Autumn”, “Embankment”, “Conversion”) and Storer’s (“Illusion”, “Image”, “By the Shore”) poems on the background of Romantic and Georgian poetry. It’s hardly possible to over-estimate the role of T. E. Hulme, F. Flint, E. Storer and “The Poets’ Club” in Imagism making as they were not just proclaiming the new relations “author/persona – text/image – reader” but also exhibiting the concern for the receptive side of poetry; new objectiveness instead of Romantic abstraction; impersonality, technical freedom and “new symbolism” found in “small dry images”.

scholarly journals THE TRADITION OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ELEGY AND J. BRODSKY’s POETRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036
Author(s):  
E.A. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Usa

In the present article J. Brodsky’s poetry is analyzed in the context of a particular elegiac tradition associated with some key figures of English-language poetry of the mid-to-late 20th century. These are W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden and S. Heaney. The aim of the article is to examine the continuity of the 20th century English poetry by the example of a sequence of dedication poems (elegies), in which each subsequent poem alludes to the previous one(s). The comparative method allows us not only to show the features of modern English-language poetry (for instance, the link between elegiac mood and reflection on the purpose of poetry), but also to analyze the influence of poets’ interpersonal contacts on their works. Special emphasis is put on J. Brodsky’s poetry as it may seem extraneous to the English-language tradition in question. The analysis of Brodsky’s personal and creative biography, his particular dedication poems and essays allows us to find the links between the Russian poet and the literary tradition of Great Britain, Ireland and the USA.

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