<p>Nossa proposta neste artigo é analisar o debate teórico sobre o presidencialismo tendo como eixo central o tema da governabilidade e sua relação com a atuação das oposições partidárias na arena legislativa, brasileira e latinoamericana. Argumentamos que a preocupação com a consolidação das democracias recentes levou os analistas a privilegiarem a governabilidade em detrimento da efetividade da oposição parlamentar, demonstrando que a evolução dos estudos e dos debates acerca dos desenhos constitucionais mais adequados à consolidação democrática resultou, por um lado, na concepção de que, se forem efetivas, as oposições parlamentares podem prejudicar a consolidação das novas democracias e, por outro, num déficit de pesquisas empíricas sobre as suas prerrogativas e o seu comportamento. Defendemos a necessidade de superação desse viés normativo e do desenvolvimento de uma agenda de investigações sobre a sua atuação estratégica.</p><p> </p><p>PRESIDENTIALISM, GOVERNABILITY AND PARLIAMENTARY OPPOSITIONS: a critical analysis of the comparative literature</p><p>Our proposal in this article is to analyze the debate on presidentialism, having as central the theme of governability and its relation with the performance of party oppositions in the legislative arena. We argue that the concern with the consolidation of recent democracies has led analysts to privilege governance over the effectiveness of parliamentary opposition. In this way, the evolution of studies and debates about the most appropriate constitutional designs for democratic consolidation has resulted, on the one hand, in the conception that, if effective, parliamentary oppositions can harm the consolidation of new democracies and, on the other, in a lack of empirical research on their prerogatives and behavior. We defend the need to overcome this normative bias and the development of an investigation agenda on its strategic performance, after all, parliamentary oppositions are indispensable actors in the democratic regime.</p><p>Keywords: Parliamentary oppositions. Presidentialism. Governance. Executive and Legislative.</p><p> </p><p>PRÉSIDENTIALISME, GOUVERNABILITÉ ET OPPOSITIONS PARLEMENTAIRES: une analyse critique de la littérature comparée</p><p>Notre proposition dans cet article est d’analyser le débat sur le présidentialisme, ayant comme central le thème de la gouvernabilité et sa relation avec la performance des oppositions dans l’arène législative. Nous soutenons que le souci de la consolidation des démocraties récentes a conduit les analystes à privilégier la gouvernance sur l’efficacité de l’opposition parlementaire. De cette manière, l’évolution des études et des débats sur les conceptions constitutionnelles les plus appropriées pour la consolidation démocratique a abouti, d’une part, à l’idée que, si elles sont efficaces, les oppositions parlementaires peuvent nuire à la consolidation des nouvelles démocraties et, d’autre part, à une manque de recherche empirique sur leurs prérogatives et leurs comportements. Nous défendons la nécessité de surmonter ce biais normatif et le développement d’un programme d’enquête sur ses performances stratégiques, après tout, les oppositions parlementaires sont des acteurs indispensables du régime démocratique.</p><p>Mots-Clès: Les oppositions parlementaires. Présidentialisme. La gouvernance. Exécutif et législatif.</p>
Public Private Partnerships and the Prospects for Sustainable ICT Projects in the Developing World