Disparities in obesity prevalence and obesity-related behaviors among adolescents in Trinidad and Tobago

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colwick Wilson ◽  
Susan Woolford ◽  
Leon Wilson ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Winetta Oloo
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective African Americans adolescents have disproportionately high rates of obesity compared to their Caucasian peers. Little is known about the rates of obesity among adolescents of African descent in countries with diverse populations. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and weight-related behaviors among adolescents in Trinidad and Tobago and to explore differences by race and gender. Methods In this cross-sectional study, students from a national stratified sample of high schools (n = 42) in Trinidad and Tobago completed a self-administered survey regarding their health habits. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height (via a portable stadiometer) and weight (via a digital scale), and BMI percentiles determined using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. Univariate calculations and χ2 analyses were performed to determine obesity prevalence and explore associations between obesity and self-reported demographic factors and weight-related behaviors. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test mean difference in weight status and multivariate analyses explored the role of gender and race after adjusting for covariates. Results Of the 3618 adolescents in the study, 56.3% were female. Race: 31.9% Black-Trinidadian, 33.7% Indo-Trinidadian and 33.4% Mixed-Race. Mean age was 17.6 years. The overall prevalence of obesity was 7%, but this differed by race (Black-Trinidadians 17%, Mixed-Trinidadians 2%, Indo-Trinidadians 1%). Black-Trinidadian girls were most likely to be obese (28.1%) and to engage in obesity related habits than their peers. Conclusion Black-Trinidadian girls have a significantly higher prevalence of obesity than their peers. Further work should explore culturally tailored interventions to address obesity prevention and treatment in this group.

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyez Haque ◽  
Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽  
Betty Ann Horbul ◽  
Patricia Desroches ◽  
Craig Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

scholarly journals Virtual Environments, Online Racial Discrimination, and Adjustment among a Diverse, School-Based Sample of Adolescents

2016 ◽  
pp. 1077-1093
Author(s):  
Brendesha M. Tynes ◽  
Chad A. Rose ◽  
Sophia Hiss ◽  
Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor ◽  
Kimberly Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescent Adjustment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Educational Professionals ◽  
And Gender

Given the recent rise in online hate activity and the increased amount of time adolescents spend with media, more research is needed on their experiences with racial discrimination in virtual environments. This cross-sectional study examines the association between amount of time spent online, traditional and online racial discrimination and adolescent adjustment, including depressive symptoms, anxiety and externalizing behaviors. The study also explores the role that social identities, including race and gender, play in these associations. Online surveys were administered to 627 sixth through twelfth graders in K-8, middle and high schools. Multiple regression results revealed that discrimination online was associated with all three outcome variables. Additionally, a significant interaction between online discrimination by time online was found for externalizing behaviors indicating that increased time online and higher levels of online discrimination are associated with more problem behavior. This study highlights the need for clinicians, educational professionals and researchers to attend to race-related experiences online as well as in traditional environments.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Obesity and Physical Activity of Children in the Spotlight of Their Parents’ Excessive Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8737
Author(s):  
Erik Sigmund ◽  
Dagmar Sigmundová
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regular School ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: The study reveals the relationships between daily physical activity (PA) and the prevalence of obesity in family members separated according to the participation of their offspring in organized leisure-time physical activity (OLTPA), and answers the question of whether the participation of children in OLTPA is associated with a lower prevalence of obesity in offspring with respect to parental PA and body weight level. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 1493 parent-child dyads (915/578 mother/father-child aged 4–16 years) from Czechia selected by two-stage stratified random sampling with complete data on body weight status and weekly PA gathered over a regular school week between 2013 and 2019. Results: The children who participated in OLTPA ≥ three times a week had a significantly lower (p < 0.005) prevalence of obesity than the children without participation in OLTPA (5.0% vs. 11.1%). Even in the case of overweight/obese mothers/fathers, the children with OLTPA ≥ three times a week had a significantly lower (p < 0.002) prevalence of obesity than the children without OLTPA (6.7%/4.2% vs. 14.9%/10.7%). Conclusions: The cumulative effect of regular participation in OLTPA and a child’s own PA is a stronger alleviator of children’s obesity than their parents’ risk of overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals The Association Between Food-Away-From-Home Frequency and a Higher BMI Varies by Food Security Status in US Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra S Crespo-Bellido ◽  
Stephanie K Grutzmacher ◽  
Yumie Takata ◽  
Ellen Smit
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Away From Home ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

ABSTRACT Background For decades, Americans have increasingly relied on food away from home (FAFH) despite its association with negative health outcomes. Little is known about FAFH frequency and expenditures of adults with lower food security (FS) and their association with health outcomes, such as BMI. Objectives We evaluated patterns of adults’ FAFH purchases by FS status and other demographic characteristics, and examined the association between FAFH frequency and BMI in adults of varying levels of FS. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the Consumer Behavior Survey, Food Security Survey, and anthropometric measurements to assess FAFH frequency and expenditures, FS, and calculated BMI of adults (≥18 y) who participated in the NHANES 2007–2014 (n = 20,733). We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between FAFH frequency quartiles (quartile 1: 0 n/wk; quartile 2: 1–2 n/wk; quartile 3: 3–4 n/wk; quartile 4: ≥5 n/wk) and BMI by FS category. Results Although FAFH frequency was similar across FS levels, adults with high FS spent more dollars (${\$}$213.60) and a greater proportion (29.4%) of their food budget on FAFH compared with adults with marginal, low, and very low FS (${\$}$133.00, ${\$}$116.20, ${\$}$103.30 and 21.4%, 19.7%, 20.0%, respectively). Obesity prevalence was highest in adults with low FS (42.9%) and very low FS (41.5%), and lowest in adults with high FS (33.7%). FAFH frequency and BMI were positively associated in adults with high (P &lt; 0.001), marginal (P = 0.025), and low (P = 0.024) FS, but not in adults with very low FS (P = 0.589). Conclusions FAFH is frequent in adults regardless of FS status. The positive association between FAFH and BMI is the strongest in adults with high FS, the group with the lowest prevalence of obesity. Conversely, BMI was not associated with FAFH in adults with very low FS, despite their higher prevalence of obesity.

scholarly journals Time-trends of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007–2019): repeated cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Taiar ◽  
Nawal Alqaoud ◽  
Ali H. Ziyab ◽  
Faheema Alanezi ◽  
Monica Subhakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to examine age-specific trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007 to 2019) using the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) definitions. Design: Using cross-sectional approach, Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System (KNSS) objectively measured weight and height of schoolchildren over a 13-year period. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine age-specific trends of obesity and overweight over the study period. Setting: Public primary, middle, and high schools in all provinces of Kuwait. Participants: Schoolchildren aged 5-19 years (N 172 603) Results: According to the WHO definition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren respectively increased from 17.73% and 21.37% in 2007 to 20.19% and 28.39% in 2019 (P for trends<0.001). There is evidence that the obesity in females (but not males) has levelled off in the period 2014-2019 according to the three definitions of obesity, which is corroborated by a similar trend in the mean of BMI-for-age Z score. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in schoolchildren in Kuwait has risen over the last 13 years and trends are similar across all definitions. Obesity is no longer increasing at the same pace and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity in females has plateaued. The current level of childhood overweight and obesity is too high and requires community-based and school-based interventions.

scholarly journals Gender Difference in Obesity Prevalence Among General Population of Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Khan ◽  
Hina Nauman ◽  
Sania Saher ◽  
Hafiza Arifa Imtiaz ◽  
Amina Bibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Obesity has become a pandemic problem and it is infamous for causing both physical and psychological disorders. Even though obesity is influenced by many factors which include fast food, menopause, socioeconomic status, and genetics, however, gender has paramount importance as a factor that affects obesity when we do not consider other factors. Thus, our current research study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and influence of gender on it. Our current cross-sectional descriptive study was finished in almost 6 months from August 2020 to January 2021 among general population of Pak Aran Society Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 183 people were recruited in study in accordance to set criteria of exclusion and inclusion. Only those people whose age was from above 20 years to below 61 years, and who had no physical or mental illness and were willing to participate were enrolled in study. Data collection was done through one self-structured proforma and WHO Classification of Weight Status established on BMI. SPSS version 25 was applied to perform data analysis. Various statistical tests like Chi-square test, Independent Sample t-test, and One-Way ANOVA test were used to evaluate the study variables and their relationship. Overall, our current study indicates high prevalence (19.10%) of obesity among all participants, nevertheless, mean of BMI value was higher among women (26.26 SD of ±3.70) as compared to men (25.06 with SD of ±4.27) which shows that women had higher risk of development of obesity than men. However, relationship between obesity and gender was statistically insignificant (p=0.262). The difference of BMI mean value between women and men was significant statistically (p=0.046). Significance difference was also observed in BMI mean value of across four grades of weight status (p=0.0001). In summary, in general, prevalence of obesity is higher among women than among men which means female gender raises the obesity incidence among women.

scholarly journals Is child weight status correctly reported to parents? Cross-sectional analysis of National Child Measurement Programme data using ethnic-specific BMI adjustments

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. e541-e550
Author(s):  
Nicola Firman ◽  
Kambiz Boomla ◽  
Mohammed T Hudda ◽  
John Robson ◽  
Peter Whincup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background BMI underestimates and overestimates body fat in children from South Asian and Black ethnic groups, respectively. Methods We used cross-sectional NCMP data (2015–17) for 38 270 children in three inner-London local authorities: City & Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets (41% South Asian, 18.8% Black): 20 439 4–5 year-olds (48.9% girls) and 17 831 10–11 year-olds (49.1% girls). We estimated the proportion of parents who would have received different information about their child’s weight status, and the area-level prevalence of obesity—defined as ≥98th centile—had ethnic-specific BMI adjustments been employed in the English National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP). Results Had ethnic-specific adjustment been employed, 19.7% (3112/15 830) of parents of children from South Asian backgrounds would have been informed that their child was in a heavier weight category, and 19.1% (1381/7217) of parents of children from Black backgrounds would have been informed that their child was in a lighter weight category. Ethnic-specific adjustment increased obesity prevalence from 7.9% (95% CI: 7.6, 8.3) to 9.1% (8.7, 9.5) amongst 4–5 year-olds and from 17.5% (16.9, 18.1) to 18.8% (18.2, 19.4) amongst 10–11 year-olds. Conclusions Ethnic-specific adjustment in the NCMP would ensure equitable categorization of weight status, provide correct information to parents and support local service provision for families.

scholarly journals Association between obesity and lipid profile in children 10--12 years of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Ruqoyatul Himah ◽  
Endy P. Prawirohartono ◽  
Madarina Julia
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
And Gender

Background Worldwide prevalence of obesity in children hasbeen increasing. Together with dyslipidemia and hypertension,obesity is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular morbiditylater in life.Objective The aim of this study was to assess associationbetween obesity and occurrence of dyslipidemia in 10-12 yearsold children.Methods We performed a cross sectional study on 53 obese and53 non-obese children matched for age and gender in Yogyakarta.Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) at or above the95th percentile of the CDC 2000 reference. The levels of totalcholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceridewere measured. Dyslipidemia was defined as increased level oftotal cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and decreasedlevel of HDL-cholesterol.Results Obese children had higher risk of increased level oftriglyseride, i.e. RR 2.6 (95% CI 1.6 to 4.4), P<O.OOl anddecreased level ofHDL-cholesterol, i.e. RR 17.8 (95%CI 14.0 to20.1), P=0.003. Overall, relative risk for dyslipidemia in obesechildren was 5.2 (95%CI 4.2 to 5.9), P=0.002, higher than innon-obese children.Conclusion Compared to non-obese children, obese children havehigher risk of dyslipidemia, particularly hypertriglyceridemia andhypo-HDL.

scholarly journals High plasma salivary α-amylase, but not high AMY1 copy number, associated with low obesity rate in Qatari adults: cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neyla Al-Akl ◽  
Richard I. Thompson ◽  
Abdelilah Arredouani
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between salivary α-amylase activity (psAAa) or AMY1 copy number and the risk of obesity remains controversial. We aimed to assess this relationship in a cohort from Qatar, where obesity affects 43% of adults. The relationship was investigated cross-sectionally in 923 Qatari adults from the Qatar biobank cohort. AMY1 CN was estimated form whole genome sequencing data. The associations with obesity prevalence were assessed by linear and logistic regressions. We found no difference in AMY1 CN between obese and normal-weight individuals. However, the psAAa was significantly lower in obese individuals. Significant inverse correlations were found between adiposity markers and psAAa in both sexes, but were marginally stronger in men. A significant effect of high psAAa, but not AMY1 CN, on reduced obesity rates was identified in men (OR per psAAa unit 0.957 [95% CI 0.937–0.977], p < 0.001, with psAAa ranging between 5 to 66 U/L). A significantly higher prevalence of obesity was observed in the lowest quartile of psAAa in men (75% (Q1) vs. 36% (Q4), p < 0.001) and women (74% (Q1) vs 56% (Q4), p = 0.009). Our findings suggest that high psAAa, but not AMY1 CN, has a potential positive benefit against obesity in the Qatari population.

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