Physicochemical Characterization of Arrowroot Starch (Maranta arundinacea Linn) and Glycerol/Arrowroot Starch Membranes

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Andrés Sandoval Gordillo ◽  
Germán Ayala Valencia ◽  
Rubén Antonio Vargas Zapata ◽  
Ana Cecilia Agudelo Henao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Size Dispersion ◽  
Arrowroot Starch

Abstract In the current work, physicochemical properties of arrowroot starch and thermal properties of glycerol/arrowroot starch membranes were investigated. Arrowroot starch exhibited high purity (starch content >99%) with amylose content >40% and granule size dispersion between 29 and 126 μm. Arrowroot starch has a gelatinization temperature of 63.94°C and a B-type crystalline structure. Arrowroot starch, in combination with three levels of glycerol, was used to manufacture membranes by casting method. Increasing the plasticizer effect due to glycerol content increased the water weight loss of the membranes at temperatures higher than 110°C. Additionally, the onset temperature of the endothermic peak observed by differential scanning calorimetry and associated to water removal from the membranes changed with glycerol content. Physicochemical and thermal properties of arrowroot starch and glycerol/arrowroot starch membranes were similar to those reported previously for other starch sources. From the data obtained in this study, it is clear that arrowroot starch could have promising industrial applications.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Talc Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polypropylene Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Govorčin Bajsić ◽  
Vesna Rek ◽  
Ivana Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Better Than

The effect of the addition of talc on the morphology and thermal properties of blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The blends of TPU and PP are incompatible because of large differences in polarities between the nonpolar crystalline PP and polar TPU and high interfacial tensions. The interaction between TPU and PP can be improved by using talc as reinforcing filler. The morphology was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of the neat polymers and unfilled and talc filled TPU/PP blends were studied by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of talc in TPU/PP blends improved miscibility in all investigated TPU/T/PP blends. The DSC results for talc filled TPU/PP blends show that the degree of crystallinity increased, which is due to the nucleating effect induced by talc particles. The reason for the increased storage modulus of blends with the incorporation of talc is due to the improved interface between polymers and filler. According to TGA results, the addition of talc enhanced thermal stability. The homogeneity of the talc filled TPU/PP blends is better than unfilled TPU/PP blends.

Characterization of Nigerian Clay as Porous Ceramic Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abubakar ◽  
A.B. Aliyu ◽  
Norhayati Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Compaction Method ◽  
Percentage Porosity

Porous ceramics were produced by compaction method of Nigerian clay and cassava starch. The samples were prepared by adding an amount from 5 to 30%wt of cassava starch into the clay and sintered at temperature of 900-1300°C. The influence of cassava starch content on the bulk density and apparent porosity was studied. The result of XRD and DTA/TGA shows that the optimum sintering temperature was found to be 1300°C. The percentage porosity increased from 12.87 to 43.95% while bulk density decreased from 2.16 to 1.46g/cm3 with the increase of cassava starch from 5 to 30%wt. The effect of sintering temperature and cassava starch content improved the microstructure in terms of porosity and the thermal properties of porous clay for various applications which requires a specific porosity.

scholarly journals THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECYCLED-PLASTIC PELLETS OBTAINED FROM DISPOSABLE FACE MASK WASTES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Vienna Saraswaty ◽  
Rossy Choerun Nissa ◽  
Bonita Firdiana ◽  
Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Government ◽  
Plastic Pellets

THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECYCLED-PLASTIC PELLETS OBTAINED FROM DISPOSABLE FACE MASK WASTES. The government policy to wear a face mask during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased disposable face mask wastes. Thus, to reduce such wastes, it is necessary to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of disposable face masks wastes before the recycling process and the recycled products. In this study, physicochemical characterization of the 3-ply disposable face masks and the recycled plastic pellets after disinfection using 0.5% v/v sodium hypochlorite were evaluated. A set of parameters including the characterization of surface morphology by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), functional groups properties by a fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal behavior by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile strength and elongation at break were evaluated. The surface morphological of each layer 3-ply disposable face mask showed that the layers were composed of non-woven fibers. The FT-IR evaluation revealed that 3-ply disposable face mask was made from a polypropylene. At the same time, the DSC analysis found that the polypropylene was in the form of homopolymer. The SEM analysis showed that the recycled plastic pellets showed a rough and uneven surface. The FT-IR, tensile strength and elongation at break of the recycled plastic pellets showed similarity with a virgin PP type CP442XP and a recycled PP from secondary recycling PP (COPLAST COMPANY). In summary, recycling 3-ply disposable face mask wastes to become plastic pellets is recommended for handling disposable face mask wastes problem.

scholarly journals Production and Physicochemical Properties of Starch Isolated from Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum)

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chien Lu ◽  
Yung-Jia Chan ◽  
Fang-Yu Tseng ◽  
Po-Yuan Chiang ◽  
Po-Hsien Li
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Isolation Procedure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transition Range ◽  
Ray Patterns

Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is an annual fast-growing underutilized pseudo cereal with a high percentage of starch content. In this study, djulis starch was extracted from the flour of dried grains by three different isolation procedures: (1) hydrochloric acid (HCl) isolation procedure (HP); (2) deionized water isolation procedure (WP); and (3) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) isolation procedure (NP), followed by investigation of the physicochemical properties of the isolated djulis starch. The amylose content of HP, WP, and NP was 22.14%, 24.15%, and 22.43%, respectively. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological observation, djulis starch presented a polygonal shape with granule sizes of 0.56–1.96, 0.74–3.02, and 0.62–2.48 μm, respectively. Djulis starch showed the classification of typical A-type x-ray patterns, and the relative degree of crystallinity for HP, WP, and NP was 33.15%, 36.17%, and 37.42%, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was used to determine the transition temperatures, transition range, and enthalpies of the gelatinization of starches. HP and WP isolated starch exhibited the highest ΔH 9.24 and 8.51 J/g, respectively, whereas NP starch showed the lowest ΔH of 6.95 J/g. The pasting temperatures of HP, WP, and NP isolated starch, which were analyzed by using a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), were 71.70 °C, 72.80 °C, and 69.53 °C, respectively. The dependence of swelling power for the three isolated starches on temperature was tested at 10 °C with intervals between 60 °C and 90 °C. In short, the NP isolation procedure with a stable reaction is compelling from a technological point of view.

scholarly journals Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of Softgels Cross-Linked with Cactus Mucilage Extracted from Cladodes of Opuntia Ficus-Indica

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis R. Camelo Caballero ◽  
Andrea Wilches-Torres ◽  
Agobardo Cárdenas-Chaparro ◽  
Jovanny A. Gómez Castaño ◽  
María Carolina Otálora
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Prepared Composite ◽  
Cactus Mucilage ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Vibrational Characterization

A new crosslinking formulation using gelatin (G) and cactus mucilage (CM) biopolymers was developed, physicochemically characterized and proposed as an alternative wall material to traditional gelatin capsules (softgels). The effect of G concentration at different G/CM ratios (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) was analyzed. Transparency, moisture content (MC), solubility in water (SW), morphology (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), vibrational characterization (Fourier transform infrared, FTIR), color parameters (CIELab) and thermal (differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis, DSC/TGA) properties of the prepared composite (CMC) capsules were estimated and compared with control (CC) capsules containing only G and glycerol. In addition, the dietary fiber (DF) content was also evaluated. Our results showed that the transparency of composite samples decreased gradually with the presence of CM, the G/CM ratio of 3:1 being suitable to form the softgels. The addition of CM decreased the MC, the SW and the lightness of the capsules. Furthermore, the presence of polysaccharide had significant effects on the morphology and thermal behavior of CMC in contrast to CC. FTIR spectra confirmed the CMC formation by crosslinking between CM and G biopolymers. The addition of CM to the softgels formulation influenced the DF content. Our findings support the feasibility of developing softgels using a formulation of CM and G as wall material with nutritional properties.

Preparation and characterization of titanium—segmented polyurethane composites for bone tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Javier Aguilar-Perez ◽  
Rossana Vargas-Coronado ◽  
Jose Manuel Cervantes-Uc ◽  
Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodriguez ◽  
Raul Rosales-Ibañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Soft Segment ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Human Dental Pulp ◽  
Polyurethane Composites

Segmented polyurethanes were prepared with polycaprolactone diol as soft segment and 4,4-methylene-bis cyclohexyl diisocyanate and l-glutamine as the rigid segment. These polyurethanes were filled with 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% titanium particles (Ti), physicochemically characterized and their biocompatibility assessed using human dental pulp stem cells and mice osteoblasts. Physicochemical characterization showed that composites retained the properties of the semicrystalline polyurethane as they exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) between −35°C and −45°C, melting temperature (Tm) at 52°C and crystallinity close to 40% as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. In agreement with this, X-ray diffraction showed reflections at 21.3° and 23.6° for polycaprolactone diol and reflections at 35.1°, 38.4°, and 40.2° for Ti particles suggesting that these particles are not acting as nucleating sites. The addition of up to 5 wt.% of Ti reduced both, tensile strength and maximum strain from 1.9 MPa to 1.2 MPa, and from 670% to 172% for pristine and filled polyurethane, respectively. Although there were differences between composites at low strain rates, no significant differences in mechanical behavior were observed at higher strain rate where a tensile stress of 8.5 MPa and strain of 223% were observed for 5 wt.% composites. The addition to titanium particles had a beneficial effect on both human dental pulp stem cells and osteoblasts viability, as it increased with the amount of titanium in composites up to 10 days of incubation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Thermophysical Properties of Phase Change Materials Using Unconventional Experimental Technologies

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4687
Author(s):  
Arnold Martínez ◽  
Mauricio Carmona ◽  
Cristóbal Cortés ◽  
Inmaculada Arauzo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Inhomogeneous Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

The growing interest in developing applications for the storage of thermal energy (TES) is highly linked to the knowledge of the properties of the materials that will be used for that purpose. Likewise, the validity of representing processes through numerical simulations will depend on the accuracy of the thermal properties of the materials. The most relevant properties in the characterization of phase change materials (PCM) are the phase change enthalpy, thermal conductivity, heat capacity and density. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the most widely used technique for determining thermophysical properties. However, several unconventional methods have been proposed in the literature, mainly due to overcome the limitations of DSC, namely, the small sample required which is unsuitable for studying inhomogeneous materials. This paper presents the characterization of two commercial paraffins commonly used in TES applications, using methods such as T-history and T-melting, which were selected due to their simplicity, high reproducibility, and low cost of implementation. In order to evaluate the reliability of the methods, values calculated with the proposed alternative methods are compared with the results obtained by DSC measurements and with the manufacturer’s technical datasheet. Results obtained show that these non-conventional techniques can be used for the accurate estimation of selected thermal properties. A detailed discussion of the advantage and disadvantage of each method is given.

Purification and characterization of kraft lignin

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Fang ◽  
Marina Alekhina ◽  
Olga Ershova ◽  
Sami Heikkinen ◽  
Herbert Sixta
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Lower Glass Transition Temperature

Abstract To upgrade the utilization of kraft lignin (KL) for high-performance lignin-based materials (e.g., carbon fiber), the purity, molecular mass distribution (MMD), and thermal properties need to be improved and adjusted to target values. Therefore, different methods, such as ultrasonic extraction (UE), solvent extraction, dialysis, and hot water treatment (HWT), were applied for the purification of KL. The chemical and thermal properties of purified lignin have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The lignin fractions obtained by UE with ethanol/acetone (E/A) mixture (9:1) revealed a very narrow MMD and were nearly free of inorganic compounds and carbohydrates. Further, the E/A-extracted lignin showed a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) and a clearly detectable melting temperature (Tm). Dialysis followed by HWT at 220°C is an efficient method for the removal of inorganics and carbohydrates; however, lignin was partly forming condensed structures during the treatment.

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