Effect of long-term fertilizer application in maize crop growing on chemical element leaching in Fluvisol

Abstract The study characterized the regime of nutrient leaching under different nitrogen and phosphorus supply of irrigated maize grown as monoculture on Fluvisol for the period 1999-2008 and additionally studied in the years 2009, 2010, and 2011. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of longterm fertilizer application on the leaching of nutrients from the soil under maize grown as monoculture. The experiment design included four nitrogen fertilizer rates (B1-control, B5, B4, B3, B2) calculated to compensate 50, 75, 100, and 125% from the plant N uptake, respectively. The field plots were equipped with lysimeters (at 50 and 100 cm depth) for studying the relationship between the applied fertilizer rates and the nutrient concentrations in the lysimetric water. The greatest nitrogen concentration in lysimetric water was observed under variant (B3-N200 P150) throughout the study period and the highest N losses were registered (36 kg ha-1) in 2010 under the same treatment (B3). A very good correlation was found between the N rates, calcium, and magnesium losses. Lysimetric water component compensation shows that agricultural activities have only influenced the speed of weathering and had no significant effect on the rates.

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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Dynamics in Tropical Cerrado Woodland Streams

Water ◽

10.3390/w10081080 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nícolas Reinaldo Finkler ◽

Flavia Tromboni ◽

Iola Boëchat ◽

Björn Gücker ◽

Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

N Uptake ◽

Pollution Abatement ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Water Velocity ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Lotic Ecosystem

Pollution abatement through phosphorus and nitrogen retention is a key ecosystem service provided by streams. Human activities have been changing in-stream nutrient concentrations, thereby altering lotic ecosystem functioning, especially in developing countries. We estimated nutrient uptake metrics (ambient uptake length, areal uptake rate, and uptake velocity) for nitrate (NO3–N), ammonium (NH4–N), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in four tropical Cerrado headwater streams during 2017, through whole-stream nutrient addition experiments. According to multiple regression models, ambient SRP concentration was an important explanatory variable of nutrient uptake. Further, best models included ambient NO3–N and water velocity (for NO3–N uptake metrics), dissolved oxygen (DO) and canopy cover (for NH4–N); and DO, discharge, water velocity, and temperature (for SRP). The best kinetic models describing nutrient uptake were efficiency-loss (R2 from 0.47–0.88) and first-order models (R2 from 0.60–0.85). NO3–N, NH4–N, and SRP uptake in these streams seemed coupled as a result of complex interactions of biotic P limitation, abiotic P cycling processes, and the preferential uptake of NH4–N among N-forms. Global change effects on these tropical streams, such as temperature increase and nutrient enrichment due to urban and agricultural expansion, may have adverse and partially unpredictable impacts on whole-stream nutrient processing.

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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-222 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 1073-1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

E. N. Johnson ◽

S. S. Malhi ◽

L. M. Hall ◽

S. Phelps

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Quality ◽

N Uptake ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Brassica Carinata ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Rates ◽

N Use

Johnson, E. N., Malhi, S. S., Hall, L. M. and Phelps, S. 2013. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata . Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1073–1081. Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a relatively new crop in western Canada and research information on its response to N fertilizer is lacking. Two field experiments (exp. 1 at 3 site-years and exp. 2 at 4 site-years) were conducted from 2008 to 2010 in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, to determine effect of N fertilizer application on Brassica carinata plant density, seed and straw yield, N uptake in seed and straw, N use efficiency (NUE), N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) and seed quality. N rates applied were 0 to 160 kg N ha−1 and 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively. Plant density was not affected by increasing N rate at 5 site-years but declined with high rates of N application at 2 site-years. Seed yield responded to applied N in 6 of 7 site-years, with the non-responsive site having a high total N uptake at the 0 kg N ha−1 rate (high Nt value). There were no sites where seed yields were maximized with the N rates applied. Response trends of straw yield and N uptake were similar to that of seed yield at the corresponding site-years. NUE and NFUE generally declined as N rate increased. Protein concentration in seed generally increased and oil concentration in seed decreased with increasing N rates. In conclusion, the responses of seed yield, total N uptake, NUE, and NFUE to applied N was similar to those reported in other Brassica species with the exception that a rate was not identified in which Brassica carinata yields were maximized.

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Nutrient concentrations in runoff from pasture in Westernport, Victoria

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9830139 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 139 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

NB Greenhill ◽

KI Peverill ◽

LA Douglas

Keyword(s):

Land Management ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Forms ◽

High Concentrations

Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus forms, calcium, sulfur and potassium in runoff from previously fertilized plots were explained on the basis of differences in slope, previous fertilizer history, and land management at three runoff sites. Data are also given for concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus forms, calcium, sulfur and potassium in runoff that occurred after superphosphate was applied. High concentrations of phosphorus forms, calcium and sulfur occurred in runoff from a storm 24 h after fertilizer application. At other times, concentrations of all measured parameters were low, and similar to those reported elsewhere.

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Effectiveness of Nutrient Management on Water Quality Improvement: A Synthesis on Nitrate-Nitrogen Loss from Subsurface Drainage

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.14078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 675-689

Author(s):

Wenlong Liu ◽

Yongping Yuan ◽

Lydia Koropeckyj-Cox

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

N Losses ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Management Plans ◽

Fertilizer Rates

HighlightsFertilizer rate was found to be the most important factor controlling flow-weighted nitrate-N concentrations.Organic fertilizer may significantly increase nitrate-N losses, but N content of manures can be variable.We did not find significant differences in nitrate-N export among fertilizer application methods or timing.Split fertilization reduced nitrate-N export at lower fertilizer rates (<167 kg N ha-1) but not at higher rates.Fertilizer N recommendations need re-evaluation to consider both environmental and economic effects.Abstract. Nutrient management, as described in NRCS Code 590, has been intensively investigated, with research largely focused on crop yields and water quality. Yet, due to complex processes and mechanisms in nutrient cycling (especially the nitrogen (N) cycle), there are many challenges in evaluating the effectiveness of nutrient management practices across site conditions. We therefore synthesized data from peer-reviewed publications on subsurface-drained agricultural fields in the Midwest U.S. with corn yield and drainage nitrate-N (NO3-N) export data published from 1980 to 2019. Through literature screening and data extraction from 43 publications, we obtained 577 site-years of data with detailed information on fertilization, corn yields, precipitation, drainage volume, and drainage NO3-N load/concentration or both. In addition, we estimated flow-weighted NO3-N concentrations ([NO3-N]) in drainage for those site-years where only load and volume were reported. Furthermore, we conducted a cost analysis using synthesized and surveyed corn yield data to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different nutrient management plans. Results from the synthesis showed that N fertilizer rate was strongly positively correlated with corn yields, NO3-N loads, and flow-weighted [NO3-N]. Reducing N fertilizer rates can effectively mitigate NO3-N losses from agricultural fields; however, our cost analysis showed negative economic returns for continuous corn production at lower N rates. In addition, organic fertilizers significantly boosted corn yields and NO3-N losses compared to inorganic fertilizers at comparable rates; however, accurate quantification of plant-available N in organic fertilizers is necessary to guide appropriate nutrient management plans because the nutrient content may be highly variable. In terms of fertilizer application methods, we did not find significant differences in NO3-N export in drainage discharge. Lastly, impact of fertilization timing on NO3-N export varied depending on other factors such as fertilizer rate, source, and weather. According to these results, we suggest that further efforts are still required to produce effective local nutrient management plans. Furthermore, government agencies such as USDA-NRCS need to work with other agencies such as USEPA to address the potential economic losses due to implementation of lower fertilizer rates for water quality improvement. Keywords: Conservation practice, Corn yields, Cost-effectiveness, NO3-N loss, Nutrient management, Subsurface drainage, Midwest U.S.

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Litterfall and nutrient cycling in four Hawaiian montane rainforests

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400008634 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 189-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Peter M. Vitousek ◽

Grant Gerrish ◽

Douglas R. Turner ◽

Lawrence R. Walker ◽

Dieter Mueller-Dombois

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Parent Material ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Mauna Loa ◽

Tree Ferns ◽

Material Texture ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Substrate Age ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACTThe mass of fine litterfall and nutrient circulation through litterfall were determined in four Melrosideros polymorpha/Cibotium spp.-dominated rainforests that differed in substrate age, parent material texture and annual precipitation on Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes on the island of Hawaii. Three of the sites had rates of litterfall of 5.2 Mg ha−1 y−1; the fourth, which was on the most fertile soil, produced 7.0 Mg ha−1 y−1 of litterfall with higher concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Tree ferns of the genus Cibotium cycled relatively large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through litterfall; their contribution to nutrient circulation was disproportionate to their mass in the forest, or in litterfall. The forest on the youngest substrate, which also had the lowest concentrations of nitrogen in litterfall, was fertilized with complete factorial combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and a treatment consisting of all other plant nutrients. Additions of nitrogen increased the quantity and nitrogen concentration in litterfall during the second year following the initiation of fertilization, while no other treatment had a significant effect. Additions of nitrogen had no effect on litterfall mass or nutrient concentrations in the most nutrient-rich site.

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Response of silage corn and wheat to dairy manure and fertilizers in long-term fertilized and manured trials

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss96-043 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 357-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adrien N’Dayegamiye

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Crop Species ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Wet Weight ◽

N Rates ◽

Fertilizer Rates

Silage corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown (1987–1991) in trials that had been manured and fertilized since 1978 to evaluate the effects of annual N, P, K and Mg fertilizers and dairy cattle manure on yields and nutrient uptake. Manure as the main factor was applied at 0 and 20 Mg ha−1 on a wet-weight basis. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments: NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized control. For silage corn, fertilizer rates were 150, 100, 150 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. Fertilizer rates for wheat were 80, 100, 120 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. In manured plots, reduced N rates were applied for silage corn (100 kg N ha−1) and wheat (50 kg N ha−1). Silage corn and wheat yields and nutrient uptake were significantly increased by manure, N and K fertilizers whereas P and Mg effects were limited. A N-K synergistic effect on yields and nutrient uptake was observed both for silage corn and wheat. Application of K fertilizer significantly reduced silage corn Mg uptake without limiting yields, while it increased wheat yields and Mg uptake. Reduced N rates applied to silage corn and wheat achieved maximum yields and nutrient uptake in long-term manured treatments. Crop response to fertilizer application varied with crop species and was higher for silage corn than for wheat. Fertilizer adjustment is necessary after a long-term fertilizer or manure application. Key words: Silage corn, wheat, yields, nutrient uptake, manure, fertilizers, long-term, response to fertilizers

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Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth and Yields in Terraced Lands of Medium and High Altitude Regions of Rwanda

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-176 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A. Fashaho ◽

A. O. Musandu ◽

J. J. Lelei ◽

S. M. Mwonga ◽

G. M. Ndegwa

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

High Altitude ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Maize Yields ◽

Four Levels ◽

Fertilizer Rates

Depletion of nitrogen and phosphorus in terraced hilly areas of Rwanda has lowered maize (Zea mays L.) production. Trials were carried out in 2017 and 2018 in four-year-old-terraced Lixisols and Acrisols of medium and high altitudes to determine effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application rates on maize yields. A factorial arrangement of four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) and phosphorus (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications, was used. Results showed that combinations of 120 - 180 kg N ha-1 and 80 - 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) higher increases in plant height (45 – 60 % and 56 – 70 % over the control), stem collar diameter (63 – 74 % and 43 % over the control) and grain yields (3 times over the control; i.e. 6.40 – 6.46 t ha-1 and 6.02 - 6.12 t ha-1) in medium and high altitude sites. The optimum fertilizer rates are 176.6 kg N ha-1 and 96.2 kg P2O5 ha-1 in terraced Lixisols of medium altitude area. Land use needs to adjust fertilizer application to these optimum rates for enhanced maize yields in this area and other regions with similar agro-ecological characteristics. Further studies on integrated effects of N and P fertilizers are recommended.

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Modified split application of nitrogen with biochar improved grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rainfed maize grown in Vertisols of India

10.1101/2020.07.13.200345 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bharat Prakash Meena ◽

Pramod Jha ◽

K. Ramesh ◽

A.K. Biswas ◽

R. Elanchezhian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

N Uptake ◽

Growth Stages ◽

N Losses ◽

N Application ◽

Soil P ◽

Agronomic Management ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Maize Grain ◽

N Rates

AbstractConventionally, non-judicious and blanket fertilizer nitrogen (N) used in rainfed maize lead to higher N losses, low N use efficiency (NUEs) and poor yields due to substandard agronomic management practices. To avoid such N losses, fertilizer additions are synchronized with plant uptake requirements. In this context, agronomic based management focused on optimizing N rates and biochar application is essential for improved NUEs and crop productivity. Keeping this in view, a field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 in rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) grown in Vertisols of India. In this study, twelve treatments that comprised of N omission plot (N0), skipping of basal rate, multi-split topdressing at varying time as broadcast and band placement, soil test crop response (STCR) based NPK with target yield 6.0 t ha-1 in maize and biochar application (10 t ha−1) were investigated. The experiment was conducted following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) set up with three replications. Pooled analysis of three years data revealed that the application of N rates (120 kg Nha−1) in 2 equal splits (60 kg Nha−1) at knee high (V8) and tasseling (VT) stages with skipped basal N rate, achieved higher maize grain yield (5.29 t ha−1) ascribed to the greater growth parameters, yield components and N uptake compared to the recommended practices. Biochar application (10 t ha−1) as soil amendments along with multi top dressed N (120 kg N ha−1) into 3 splits also increased the grain yield. Delayed N application at V8 and VT growth stages, resulted in higher N uptake, agronomy efficiency (AE), partial factor productivity (PFP), physiology efficiency (PE) and recovery efficiency (RE). Biochar along with N fertilizer also improved the soil organic carbon (5.47g kg−1), ammonium-N (2.40 mg kg−1) and nitrate-N (0.52 mg kg−1) concentration in soil (P<0.05) as compared to non-biochar treatments. Application of biochar along with chemical fertilizer (120 kg Nha−1) significantly increased the concentration of ammonium (2.40 mg kg−1) and nitrate (0.52 mg kg−1) in soil (P<0.05) as compared to non-biochar treatments. The perfect positive linear relationship illustrated that the grain yield of rainfed maize was highly dependent (R2=0.99 at p<0.0001) on N availability, as indicated by the fitted regression line of maize grain yield on N uptake. On the other hand, factor analysis revealed, the one to one positive function relationship of biomass with N uptake at V8 and VT growth stages. Principal Component Regression (PCR) analysis showed that PC1 acted as a major predictor variable for total dry matter yield (TDMY) and dominated by LAI and N uptake. Consequently, these results expressed that the agronomic management based multi-top dressed N application and biochar application to achieve higher yield and greater NUEs in rainfed maize is strongly linked with N application into splits.

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Fertilizer Rate and Pot-In-Pot Production Increase Growth of Heritage River Birch

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-16.3.135 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 135-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John M. Ruter

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Production Increase ◽

Fertilizer Rates ◽

Root:Shoot Ratios

Abstract A study was conducted to compare the effects of three fertilizer rates [High N Southern Formula, 23N–1.7P–6.6K (23–4–8) at 1.3, 1.7, and 2.0 kg N/m3 (2.2, 2.8, and 3.4 lb N/yd3)] and two production systems [pot-in-pot (PIP) or conventional above-ground (CAG)] on the growth of Heritage river birch (Betula nigra L. ‘Cully’) in 26 liter (#7) containers. Plants grown PIP had greater shoot dry weight (20%), root dry weight (31%), total biomass (27%) and root:shoot ratios (12%). Increasing fertilizer rates increased shoot dry weights but decreased root:shoot ratios. Rate of fertilizer application influenced foliar Mg, Zn, and Fe while production system had no effect. The foliar P:Zn ratio increased linearly as rate of fertilizer increased. Soluble salts and NO3-N in the leachate increased linearly as rate of fertilizer increased at 15 and 60 days after application (DAA), whereas the response was curvilinear at 120 DAA. When different, nutrient concentrations in the leachate were greater for plants grown CAG. Fertilizer longevity based on prill analysis was greater when the PIP system was used, presumably due to lower substrate temperatures during the experimental period.

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Prediction of effects of measures to reduce eutrophication in surface water in rural areas – a case study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0286 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 155-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. W. H. van der Kolk ◽

R. F. A. Hendriks

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Substantial Reduction ◽

Water System ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Sediment Layer ◽

Quality Model ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus

In the Bergambacht polder in The Netherlands, the surface water system is highly eutrophic. Owing to this high nutrient concentration, duckweed grows abundantly. To reduce the nutrient concentrations in the surface water, remedial measures are needed. To predict the effectiveness of three measures, a combination of a nutrient leaching model and a water quality model for nutrients in the surface water system was used. The scenarios formulated on the basis of these measures were simulated over a period of 35 years. Removing duckweed results in a substantial reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus. Improving the water purification plants results in a small reduction in the average nutrient concentrations. Dredging the total sediment layer results in a large reduction of phosphorus concentrations, but leads to an increase in nitrogen concentrations. The three measures combined will not improve the nitrogen concentration 30 years after implementation, but the phosphorus concentration will be reduced by 80% compared with 1990.

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