Tamarindus indica. Linn leaves ameliorates experimental induced heart failure in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajira Banu Haroon ◽  
Nausheen Ahmed ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sampath ◽  
Supritha Dinesh ◽  
Mohammed Azamthulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Cardiotonic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug

Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are highly prevalent in various countries, and heart failure accounts for the majority of deaths. The present study focuses on determining the protective effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Tamarindus indica (TIEE) by in vitro and in vivo methods. Methods In vitro cardiotonic activity was determined using Langendorff’s heart perfusion assembly. In vivo studies were performed using Doxorubicin (1.5 mg/kg, i.p for seven days) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. These animals were simultaneously treated with the TIEE at a low dose (200 mg/kg, p.o), high dose (400 mg/kg, p.o) and standard drug Digoxin (100 μg/kg, p.o) for seven days. At the end of the study, various parameters like electrocardiogram (ECG) recording, serum levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), and presence of cardiac troponin (cTnI) were determined. Isolated hearts were subjected to histopathological studies. Results The TIEE at a concentration of 60 μg/mL showed a significant cardiotonic effect in vitro that was evident by increased force of contraction, heart rate, and cardiac output. In vivo studies revealed that the TIEE decreased the prolongation of QT and RR interval of ECG, lowered the serum enzyme levels like LDH, CPK indicating cardiac protection, and the same was established by the absence of cTnI in blood. Histopathological examinations of heart tissue sections showed improved architecture in the treatment groups when compared with diseased groups. Conclusions The study revealed the cardioprotective activity of T. indica leaf extract by both in vitro and in vivo methods.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Anti-inflammatory Activities of an Extract of the Eleutherine bulbosa Rhizome on Collagen Antibody-induced Arthritis in a Mouse Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Bich Hanh ◽  
Do Thi Thao ◽  
Nguyen Thi Nga ◽  
Ngo Thi Phuong ◽  
Le Ngoc Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

As a continuation of our interest in the anti-inflammatory activities of Vietnamese plants, we searched for novel anti-inflammatory agents in Eleutherine bulbosa and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol extract of the rhizome of E. bulbosa (EBE) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro and in a collagen antibody-induced arthritic (CAIA) mouse model in vivo. Treatment of the CAIA mice with EBE decreased the incidence of arthritis, especially at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. A significant ( P<0.05) decrease in the arthritis score was seen after high-dose EBE treatment between days 10 and 14 in comparison with the negative control. The serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in the mice were measured using commercial ELISA kits. The results suggest that an ethanol extract of the E. bulbosa rhizome has beneficial effects on inflammatory cytokine regulation in an experimental CAIA model.

scholarly journals Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. Ethanol Extract Has Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Effects In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting the IRAK1/AP-1 Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2529
Author(s):  
Haeyeop Kim ◽  
Woo Seok Yang ◽  
Khin Myo Htwe ◽  
Mi-Nam Lee ◽  
Young-Dong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. has been used traditionally as a remedy for many diseases, especially inflammation. Therefore, we analyzed and explored the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of a Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. ethanol extract (Dt-EE). Dt-EE clearly and dose-dependently inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Also, Dt-EE suppressed the activation of the MyD88/TRIF-mediated AP-1 pathway and the AP-1 pathway related proteins JNK2, MKK4/7, and TAK1, which occurred as a result of inhibiting the kinase activity of IRAK1 and IRAK4, the most upstream factors of the AP-1 pathway. Finally, Dt-EE displayed hepatoprotective activity in a mouse model of hepatitis induced with LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) through decreasing the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and suppressing the activation of JNK and IRAK1. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that Dt-EE could be a candidate anti-inflammatory herbal medicine with IRAK1/AP-1 inhibitory and hepatoprotective properties.

scholarly journals The Ethanol Extract of Avocado (Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)) Seeds Successfully Induces Implant Regression and Restores Ovarian Dynamic in a Rat Model of Endometriosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Stéphane Minko Essono ◽  
Marie Alfrede Mvondo ◽  
Esther Ngadjui ◽  
François Xavier Kemka Nguimatio ◽  
Pierre Watcho
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease with conventional therapies which do not have desirable effectiveness and possess many side effects. Scientific evidences suggest that medicinal plants with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or antiproliferative properties are potential alternatives for the treatment of endometriosis. The ethanol extract of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) seeds was found exhibiting antiproliferative properties in vitro and in vivo. This study therefore is aimed at investigating the effects of such an extract on an experimental model of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced by grafting uterine fragments onto the peritoneum of female Wistar rats. After checking the success of the transplantation surgery, animals with endometriosis were orally treated with the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds at the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. The positive control was treated with letrozole (10 mg/kg) while the negative control received the vehicle. Treatments lasted 7 days and animals were sacrificed thereafter. Endometrial implant volume was determined. Estradiol and progesterone levels were measured in serum samples and endometriosis lesions. The oxidative status of endometriosis lesions was evaluated. Histological analysis of endometriosis lesions, uterus, and ovaries was also performed. Results showed that the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds decreased endometrial implant volume (p<0.001) and serum levels of estradiol and progesterone (p<0.01). The levels of estradiol also decreased in endometriosis lesions at doses of 12.5 and 50 mg/kg (p<0.001). Both malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased in endometriosis lesions (p<0.001). The ectopic endometrium height decreased and the number of antral follicles and corpora lutea (p<0.05) increased while that of luteinized unruptured follicles decreased (p<0.001). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds displayed an antiendometriosis effect suggesting that it could be a potential alternative for the treatment of endometriosis.

Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs) Protect Against Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Induced Heart Failure by Inhibiting Autophagy Related Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Xu ◽  
Sujing Qiang ◽  
Lingyun Tao ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Jing Ni
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Heart Tissue

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), kinds of seed cells, are expected to improve impaired diabetic cardiac function. Inflammation and autophagy play the important role in the development of metabolic disorder induced heart failure. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) on metabolic disorder induced heart failure and the underlying mechanisms. Methods In vivo, 8 weeks old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal chaw mice (sham group), high fat diet fed and streptozotocin intraperitoneal injected mice (HFD + STZ group) and ADMSCs tail intravenous injected per week for 3 months after the mice were treated with HFD + STZ (ADMSCs + HFD + STZ group). The lipid and glucose levels as well as echocardiography were measured per week. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the adhesion of macrophages in heart tissue among three groups. Besides, inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8(CXCL-15) were measured by western blot or RT-qPCR. In vitro, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were stimulated to 33mM glucose in the presence or absence of IL-1β. Transmission electron microscope, mRFG-GFP-LC3 assay and flow cytometry were used to investigate autophagy related apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Results HFD + STZ treated mice presented significant cardiac hypertrophy, body weight loss, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. However, these changes were remarkably reversed by ADMSCs administration. The administration of ADMSCs also remit histological alterations and deposition of collagen in the heart tissue. Furthermore, ADMSCs downregulated the adhesion of macrophages in heart tissue. More importantly, IL-1β from macrophages increased the autophagy of myocardial cell stimulated with high glucose which eventually leaded to their apoptosis and the following cardiac dysfunction. Conclusions This study confirmed that ADMSCs may have potential for use in improving cardiac function by restraining autophagy and apoptosis of myocardial cell. We also found the roles of the IL-1β in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced cardiac injuries, which may be a key factor for diabetic complications.

scholarly journals A Key Role for Cc Chemokine Receptor 4 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxic Shock

2000 ◽  
Vol 191 (10) ◽  
pp. 1755-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolande Chvatchko ◽  
Arlene J. Hoogewerf ◽  
Alexandra Meyer ◽  
Sami Alouani ◽  
Pierre Juillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Allergic Airway Inflammation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cc Chemokine ◽  
High Affinity Receptor ◽  
Factor Α

CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4, a high affinity receptor for the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), is expressed in the thymus and spleen, and also by peripheral blood T cells, macrophages, platelets, and basophils. Recent studies have shown that CCR4 is the major chemokine receptor expressed by T helper type 2 (Th2) polarized cells. To study the in vivo role of CCR4, we have generated CCR4-deficient (CCR4−/−) mice by gene targeting. CCR4−/− mice developed normally. Splenocytes and thymocytes isolated from the CCR4−/− mice failed to respond to the CCR4 ligands TARC and MDC, as expected, but also surprisingly did not undergo chemotaxis in vitro in response to macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α. The CCR4 deletion had no effect on Th2 differentiation in vitro or in a Th2-dependent model of allergic airway inflammation. However, CCR4−/− mice exhibited significantly decreased mortality on administration of high or low dose bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with CCR4+/+ mice. After high dose LPS treatment, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and MIP-1α were reduced in CCR4−/− mice, and decreased expression of MDC and MIP-2 mRNA was detected in peritoneal exudate cells. Analysis of peritoneal lavage cells from CCR4−/− mice by flow cytometry also revealed a significant decrease in the F4/80+ cell population. This may reflect a defect in the ability of the CCR4−/− macrophages to be retained in the peritoneal cavity. Taken together, our data reveal an unexpected role for CCR4 in the inflammatory response leading to LPS-induced lethality.

Abstract 59: Antimir Therapy Ameliorates HIF1-mediated Loss of SERCA2 and Cardiac Contractility

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L Williams ◽  
Chad Walton ◽  
Keith MacCannell ◽  
Abigail Avelar ◽  
Ralph Shohet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium

Ischemic heart disease is a major precipitant of heart failure in the developed world. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is a highly oxygen-sensitive protein and the principal regulator of hypoxia-related signaling including changes in metabolism and angiogenesis. To more fully understand the role of HIF1 in the heart, our lab has developed a transgenic mouse model in which a stable form of HIF-1alpha can be inducibly expressed under normoxic conditions in cardiomyocytes. Upon HIF1 induction, genes associated with calcium signaling are downregulated and metabolism is shifted toward glycolysis. Strikingly, these mice also show a rapid decrease in cardiac contractility and concurrent loss of SERCA2 protein expression (up to 90%) within one week. SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2) is the ATP-dependent calcium pump required for calcium re-uptake during excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and its dysfunction has been implicated in heart failure. To extend the physiological significance of these findings, we examined ischemic heart tissue from WT mice subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery to mimic myocardial infarction. At one day and 3 days post-ligation, we observed an increase in transcripts needed for glycolysis and decreased abundance of transcripts from the genes for proteins that regulate excitation-contraction including the ryanodine receptor, phospholamban and SERCA2. We also observed that while SERCA2 transcript decreased in HIF1 transgenic hearts, it did not fully account for the observed protein loss. Microarray analysis found miR-29c to be substantially upregulated and a potential regulator of SERCA2 expression. Subsequent in vitro analysis confirmed miR-29c reduced SERCA2 expression by 20-30% and could be modulated with an anti-sense inhibitor. In vivo administration of the antimir to miR-29c also improved cardiac contractility and SERCA2 expression in HIF1 transgenic mice. These results suggest that a HIF1 regulated microRNA, miR-29c, contributes to loss of SERCA2 in hypoxia and can be therapeutically targeted to improve cardiac function.

Significance of Platelet β-Adrenoceptors for Platelet Responses In Vivo and In Vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (06) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
P T Larsson ◽  
N H Wallén ◽  
A Martinsson ◽  
N Egberg ◽  
P Hjemdahl
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Dose Infusion ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThe significance of platelet β-adrenoceptors for platelet responses to adrenergic stimuli in vivo and in vitro was studied in healthy volunteers. Low dose infusion of the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline decreased platelet aggregability in vivo as measured by ex vivo filtragometry. Infusion of adrenaline, a mixed α- and β-adrenoceptor agonist, increased platelet aggregability in vivo markedly, as measured by ex vivo filtragometry and plasma β-thromboglobulin levels. Adrenaline levels were 3–4 nM in venous plasma during infusion. Both adrenaline and high dose isoprenaline elevated plasma von Willebrand factor antigen levels β-Blockade by propranolol did not alter our measures of platelet aggregability at rest or during adrenaline infusions, but inhibited adrenaline-induced increases in vWf:ag. In a model using filtragometry to assess platelet aggregability in whole blood in vitro, propranolol enhanced the proaggregatory actions of 5 nM, but not of 10 nM adrenaline. The present data suggest that β-adrenoceptor stimulation can inhibit platelet function in vivo but that effects of adrenaline at high physiological concentrations are dominated by an α-adrenoceptor mediated proaggregatory action.

Exploring the Pharmacognostic Features, Anti-oxidant and Lipid Lowering Potential of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Neeraj Panihar ◽  
Neeru Vasudeva ◽  
Sunil Sharma ◽  
Babu Lal Jangir
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Β Carotene

Background: Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. is a herb consumed as food and has medicinal value. It is a rich source of bioactive nutrients which cure and prevent many ailments. Traditionally, it is used to treat hypertension, diabetes, constipation, cancer etc. Methods and Objective: Present work illustrates morphological, microscopic and physicochemical parameters of Fagopyrum esculentum seeds as per WHO guidelines, in vitro antioxidant activity; assessed by DPPH scavenging method, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching method and study of lipid lowering potential of the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of seeds on normal diet fed Wistar rats. Results: Morphological studies delineated the triangular shape, dark brown colour, 8 mm length and 6 mm width of the seed. The microscopic examination of the transverse section of seed depicted features like testa or pericarp (seed coat), the endosperm, embryo and sclerenchyma cells. Study of physiochemical parameters exhibited 0.3±0.02% of foreign matter and 1.44±0.51% crude fibre content. Total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash value were 6.7±1.7%, 1.9±0.23% and 3.9± 0.31% respectively. Alcohol soluble and water soluble extractive value came out to be 65.02± 3.21 mg/g and 12.7±1.24 mg/g respectively. Foaming index was less than 100, swelling index was found to be 0.5±0.01 ml/g. Loss on drying was 4.02±1.27%. Phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate and ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and flavonoids. Trace amount of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Pesticide residue analysis confirmed the presence of nontoxic pesticides like dimethipin, hymexazol, phenothrin-2, methoprene, triadimenol, prohydrojasmon- 1, jasmolin ii, triademinol, jasmolin i, prohydrojasmone i, cyromazine in both the extracts by gc-ms spectrometer. The ethyl acetate and ethanol extract has shown significant in-vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated by the DPPH method (IC50 = 94.37±2.51 and 216.04±4.39 μg/ml respectively), hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay (IC50 = 83.72±3.72 and 193.47±5.05 µg/ml respectively) and β-carotene bleaching method (IC50 = 100.67±4.01 and 205.39±2.89 µg/ml respectively). Lipid lowering study performed on Wistar rats demonstrated a significant (p<0.001) decrease in serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and increase in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level as compared to normal group. Both the extracts have shown a non significant difference in the level of TG as compared to standard drug atorvastatin, depicting that the efficacy of extracts is at par with that of standard drug atorvastatin. Conclusion: Pharmacognostical study of the plant can be a very good tool for identification as well as authentication of a herb. Moreover, these parameters may be helpful in the development of monograph of the plant. Pharmacological activity confirmed Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. seed to be a good antioxidant and have lipid lowering potential.

Methylprednisolone on circulating eicosanoids and vasomotor tone after endotoxin

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hales ◽  
R. D. Brandstetter ◽  
C. F. Neely ◽  
M. B. Peterson ◽  
D. Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Eicosanoid Production ◽  
Circulating Levels

Acute pulmonary and systemic vasomotor changes induced by endotoxin in dogs have been related, at least in part, to the production of eicosanoids such as the vasoconstrictor thromboxane and the vasodilator prostacyclin. Steroids in high doses, in vitro, inhibit activation of phospholipase A2 and prevent fatty acid release from cell membranes to enter the arachidonic acid cascade. We, therefore, administered methylprednisolone (40 mg/kg) to dogs to see if eicosanoid production and the ensuing vasomotor changes could be prevented after administration of 150 micrograms/kg of endotoxin. The stable metabolites of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Methylprednisolone by itself did not alter circulating eicosanoids but when given 2.5 h before endotoxin not only failed to inhibit endotoxin-induced eicosanoid production but actually resulted in higher circulating levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (P less than 0.05) compared with animals receiving endotoxin alone. Indomethacin prevented the steroid-enhanced concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha after endotoxin and prevented the greater fall (P less than 0.05) in systemic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance with steroid plus endotoxin than occurred with endotoxin alone. Administration of methylprednisolone immediately before endotoxin resulted in enhanced levels (P less than 0.05) of both TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha but with a fall in systemic blood pressure and vascular resistance similar to the animals pretreated by 2.5 h. In contrast to the early steroid group in which all of the hypotensive effect was due to eicosanoids, in the latter group steroids had an additional nonspecific effect. Thus, in vivo, high-dose steroids did not prevent endotoxin-induced increases in eicosanoids but actually increased circulating levels of TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha with a physiological effect favoring vasodilation.

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