Effect of gender on growth-restricted fetuses born preterm

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-679
Author(s):  
Tea Štimac ◽  
Ana-Maria Šopić-Rahelić ◽  
Jelena Ivandić ◽  
Eduard Ekinja ◽  
Isaac Blickstein
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Similar Incidence

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of fetal gender in small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates with birth weight less than the fifth percentile by gestational age. Methods We compared male and female SGA neonates for maternal and neonatal outcomes in the following gestational age subgroups: at <32 + 6, 33 + 0–36 + 6 and at ≥37 + 0 weeks of gestation. Results We examined 159, 154 and 2363 SGA neonates born at <32 + 6, 33 + 0 to 36 + 6 and ≥37 weeks of pregnancy, respectively, whose birth weight was below the fifth percentile for gestational age and who met our inclusion criteria. Overall, there were no significant differences between the mothers of males and females, except that there were more males at term and the incidence of nulliparas was greater among the mothers of males. In terms of outcomes, males had a similar incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and admissions to intensive care. Interestingly, low Apgar scores were more common in preterm females born at 33–37 weeks and vice versa in births over 37 weeks. Conclusion Our data do not support an advantage of either gender in preterm birth of infants who are most likely growth restricted.

Umbilical Morphology: Normal Values for Neonatal Periumbilical Skin Length

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
Aengus S. O'Marcaigh ◽  
Lora B. Folz ◽  
Virginia V. Michels
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rieger Syndrome ◽  
Neonatal Diagnosis ◽  
Robinow Syndrome ◽  
Aarskog Syndrome

Malformations of the umbilicus are a feature of many dysmorphic syndromes including Rieger syndrome, Robinow syndrome, and Aarskog syndrome. The characteristic umbilical malformation in Rieger syndrome consists of redundant periumbilical skin which extends along the cord for an excessive distance. Although the measurement of umbilical skin length plays an important role in the neonatal diagnosis of Rieger syndrome, normal values for this measurement in healthy neonates have not been established. Umbilical skin length was measured in 104 healthy neonates. The length to which the umbilical skin extended along the cranial aspect of cord (mean 11.53 mm, SD 3.58) was significantly longer than the umbilical skin length along the caudal aspect (mean 8.71 mm, SD 2.89) (P &lt; .05). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between age and umbilical skin length. Birth weight, length, and gestational age were not significantly associated with umbilical skin length when adjusted for the other three variables. No significant differences in umbilical skin length were observed between male and female groups. The above normal values should aid in the neonatal diagnosis of Rieger syndrome, and furthermore it is recommended that cranial umbilical skin length measurement be included in the examination of the dysmorphic child.

A note on heritability estimates for growth traits in male and female Romanov sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. María ◽  
K. G. Boldman ◽  
L. D. van Vleck
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Direct Genetic Effect

A total of 1855 records were analysed using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) techniques to estimate heritabilities separately for males and females lambs on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 90-day weight (W90) and average daily gains birth to weaning (Cl) and weaning to 90 days (C2). An animal model including fixed effects of year × season, parity, litter size and rearing type; and random effects of direct genetic effect (h2D) and residual was applied. Estimates ofh2Dfor BWwere 048 (males) and 0·50 (females); for WW 0·35 (males) and 0·22 (females); for W90 0·21 (males) and 0·31 (females); for Cl 0·20 (males) and 0·25 (females); and for C2 0·18 (males) and 0·29 (females).

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PLACENTAL THICKNESS WITHGESTATIONALAGE IN THIRD TRIMESTER AND PROBABLE FETAL OUTCOME

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Sambhunath Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Ritayan Sasmal ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Placental Thickness

Accurate gestational age determination is very important for management of continuation and termination planning of the pregnancy. rd To establish placental thickness as a parameter for determination of gestational age and fetal growth pattern at 3 trimester. 100 primigravida women who are fullling the inclusion criteria and attend gynae &obs OPD or admitted in their third trimester at IPGME&R from January 2017 to june 2018. Placental thickness at 3rd trimester USG scan is moderately correlated with gestational age, if placental thickness expressed in millimeter then it correlated with gestational age at weeks. rd st Placental thickness with >3.2 cm (32 mm) at 3 trimester almost associated with good fetal outcome, with APGAR score >8 at 1 min and birth weight >2500 gm.

Factors Affecting Heart Rate Variability in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Cabal ◽  
Bijan Siassi ◽  
Bernardino Zanini ◽  
Joan E. Hodgman ◽  
Edward E. Hon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rate Level ◽  
Heart Rate Level

Neonatal heart rate variability (NHRV) was studied in 92 preterm infants (birth weight, 750 to 2,500 gm; gestational age, 28 to 36 weeks). Each infant was monitored continuously during the first 6 hours and for one hour at 24, 48, and 168 hours of life. During each hour NHRV was quantified and related to the following parameters: sex, gestational age, postnatal age, heart rate, and the presence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). NHRV in healthy preterm infants was inversely related to heart rate level and directly related to the infant's postnatal age. In healthy babies with gestations of 30 to 36 weeks there was no significant correlation between NHRV and gestation. Decrease in NHRV was significantly related to the severity of RDS, and the reappearance of NHRV in infants with RDS was associated with a good prognosis. Decreased NHRV significantly differentiated the infants with RDS who survived after the fifth hour of life. The data reveal that NHRV (1) should be corrected for heart rate level and postnatal age; (2) is decreased in RDS; and (3) can be used as an indicator of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with RDS.

scholarly journals Retinopathy of prematurity: Prevalence and risk factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Rinawati Rohsiswatmo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Background Retinopathy ◽  
Multiple Blood

Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the ma-jor causes of infant blindness. There are several factors known asrisk factors for ROP. Recent studies show ROP as a disease ofmultifactorial origin.Objective To report the prevalence of ROP in Cipto MangunkusumoHospital, Jakarta and its relation to several risk factors.Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted fromDecember 2003-May 2005. All infants with birth weight 2500 gramsor less, or gestational age 37 weeks or less, were enrolled con-secutively and underwent the screening of ROP at 4 to 6 weeks ofchronological age or 31 to 33 weeks of postconceptional age.Result Of 73 infant who met the inclusion criteria, 26% (19 out of73 infant) had ROP in various degrees. About 36.8% (7 out of 19infants) were in stage III or more/threshold ROP. No ROP wasnoted in infants born >35 weeks of gestational age, and birth weight>2100 grams. No severe ROP was found in gestational age >34weeks and birth weight >1600 grams. None of full-term, small forgestational age infants experienced ROP. Birth weight, sepsis,apneu, asphyxia, multiple blood transfusions, and oxygen therapyfor more than 7 days were statistically significant with the develop-ment of ROP. However, using multivariate analysis, only asphyxia,multiple blood transfusions, and oxygen therapy for more than 7days were statistically significant with the development of ROP.Conclusion Screening of ROP should be performed in infantsborn 34 weeks of gestational age and/or birth weight <1600 grams.Infants with birth weight from 1600-<2100 grams need to bescreened only if supplemental oxygen is necessary or with clini-cally severe illness

scholarly journals Pathological staging of chorioamnionitis contributes to complications in preterm infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu Miao ◽  
Zhuxiao Ren ◽  
Yunbei Rao ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
Jianlan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Pathological Staging ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of pathological staging of chorioamnionitis (CA) on complications in preterm infants; Methods A single-center, retrospective study was conducted to choose singleton preterm infants (gestational age < 37 weeks) from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in our hospital from December 2016 to December 2017. The basic data and placental pathological results were retrospectively collected. According to the placental pathological results of whether inflammation infiltrating amnion, CA 0/I phase was classified into non-amnionitis group, CA II/III phase was classified into amnionitis group, the incidence of common complications in preterm infants was compared. Further, logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of amnionitis on complications after being adjusted to gestational age, birth weight and thrombocytopenia. Results A total of 221 preterm infants were enrolled, including 186 cases in non-amnionitis group and 35 cases in amnionitis group. The gestational age of amnionitis group (32.00 ± 2.71 weeks) was significantly lower than non-amnionitis group (34.14 ± 2.06 weeks), birth weight (1.93 ± 0.64 kg) was significantly lower than that of non-amnionitis group (2.26 ± 0.58 kg), and the hospital stay in amnionitis group was significantly longer (25.71 ± 19.23 days), all of the difference above was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in amnionitis group (37.14%) was significantly higher than that in non-amnionitis group (13.98%) (P = 0.002), and the risk of IVH was significantly increased by amnionitis (OR = 3.636, 95%CI: 1.632–8.102); after correction of gestational age, birth weight and thrombocytopenia, the risk of IVH was still significantly increased (OR = 2.471, P = 0.046, 95% CI: 1.015–6.015). And the late-onset IVH was more common (P = 0.009). Conclusion Amnionitis leads to a significant reduction in gestational age and birth weight in preterm infants, and it is an independent risk factor for IVH.

Competing Risk Analysis of the Health Status of Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenaw Ayele ◽  
Mekonnen Tadesse ◽  
Zelalem Tazu
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Competing Risk

Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is not only the most common respiratory disorder in premature infants but also the main cause of neonatal mortality. Methods: Competing risk framework was used to examine and identify potential prognostic factors of the health status of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Preterm infants with RDS admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of selected hospitals in Ethiopia were followed for 28 days and only neonates with complete cases were included in the analysis. The Fine-Gray or sub-distribution hazard model was used to identify significant prognostic factors. Three outcome variables (death due to RDS, death due to other causes and discharged alive) were considered. Results: The Fine-Gray model fit results revealed that anemia, multiple pregnancies, birth-weight and gestational age were the prognostic factors significantly associated with the death of neonates due to Respiratory distress syndrome problem while Pneumonia, meningitis, anemia and gestational age of neonates were the significant prognostic factors for death of neonates due to other causes. Moreover, pneumonia, birth weight and gestational age were identified as the prognostic factors associated with neonates being discharged alive. Conclusion: Offering intensive and adequate treatments for neonates with lowest birth-weights and gestational age may be useful to reduce neonatal mortality and increase the incidence of being discharged alive.

scholarly journals Intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants: associated risk factors and outcome in the neonatal period

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Catache Mancini ◽  
Naila Elias Barbosa ◽  
Débora Banwart ◽  
Sandra Silveira ◽  
José Luiz Guerpelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a severe complication in very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns (NB). With the purpose of studying the incidence of IVH, the associated risk factors, and the outcomes for these neonates, we studied all the VLBW infants born in our neonatal unit. Birth weight, gestational age, presence of perinatal asphyxia, mechanical ventilation, length of hospitalization, apnea crisis, hydrocephalus, and periventricular leukomalacia were analyzed. The diagnosis of IVH was based on ultrasound scan studies (Papile's classification) performed until the tenth day of life and repeated weekly in the presence of abnormalities. Sixty-seven/101 neonates were studied. The mortality rate was 30.6% (31/101) and the incidence of IVH was 29.8% (20/67) : 70% grade I, 20% grade III and 10% grade IV. The incidence of IVH in NB <1,000 g was 53.8% (p = 0.035) and for gestational age <30 weeks was 47.3% (p = 0.04), both considered risk factors for IVH. The length of hospitalization (p = 0.00015) and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.038) were longer in IHV NB. The IVH NB had a relative risk of 2.3 of developing apnea (p = 0.02), 3.7 of hydrocephalus (p = 0.0007), and 7.7 of periventricular leukomalacia (p < 0.00001). The authors emphasize the importance of knowing the risk factors related to IVH so as to introduce prevention schemes to reduce IVH and to improve outcomes of affected newborns.

scholarly journals OUTCOME OF PRETERM BABIES WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaitan Singh Balai ◽  
Vivek Arora
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Preterm Babies

Background: To study outcome of preterm babies with RDS in babies admitted in NICU. Methods: This study was hospital based prospective study of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted in NICU of MBGH RNT medical college Udaipur, from February 2017 to January 2018. Results: Among 200 preterm neonates included in the study 31 neonates expired. Mortality was 15.5%. The mortality was 10.17% among the preterm neonates with RDS and hospitalized within 6 hrs. It was 31.81% among neonates hospitalized between 6-12 hrs and 62.5% and 66.66% among neonates hospitalized between 12-24 hrs and after 24 hrs of birth respectively. Conclusion: Mortality rate is inversely related to birth weight and gestational age and directly related to age at admission and severity of respiratory distress (Silverman-Anderson score). Keywords: Preterm, Neonates, Birth weight.

scholarly journals Is Maternal Hypertension a Reducing Factor for Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Iranian Preterm Newborns?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Kashaki ◽  
Maryam Saboute ◽  
Maryam Esmaeili Allafi ◽  
Elahe Norouzi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Maternal Hypertension

Abstract Background & objective: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia can be associated with preterm birth and infant mortality and morbidity. It seems that intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm neonates born to hypertensive mothers is less common compared to the other ones. In this study, we assessed the relationship between hypertensive disorders of pregnant mothers and the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates weighing less than 1500 grams. Methods: In this case-control study, 305 singleton preterm neonates with a birth weight less than 1500 g were entered. The presence of IVH in all preterm neonates was assessed using brain ultrasonography and its correlation to hypertensive disorders of their mothers were evaluated.Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia in mothers with and without prepregnancy hypertension was 40%, and 15.09% respectively. The prevalence of IVH in preterm neonates was 26.9% (n=82). The incidence of IVH in preterm neonates of mothers with and without preeclampsia was 16.07%, and 29.31% in (p=0.028), respectively. The prevalence of IVH in preterm neonates of mothers with hypertension and without hypertension was 12.5% and 29.05%, respectively (p=0.018). Preterm neonates with IVH had a lower mean birth weight, smaller gestational age and lower Apgar scores compared to preterm neonates without IVH with p values of <0.001, <0.001 and <0.01, respectively.Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increases the risk of preterm delivery, but incidence of IVH in preterm neonates weighing less than 1500 gr is lower in infants born to mothers with hypertension including preeclampsia compared to non hypertensive mothers. And also lower gestational age, birth weight, and Apgar scores were important predicting factors for IVH in preterm neonates.

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