scholarly journals The Selected Results of the Experimental Research of Solid Fuel Pneumatic Transportation to Ship’s Boiler

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Thomas Luschtinetz ◽  
Wojciech Zeńczak ◽  
Daniel Łuszczyński
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Oscillation Period ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Pneumatic Transportation ◽  
Movable Platform ◽  
Solid Biomass

AbstractThe article presents the problems related to the application of alternative fuel like solid biomass in the shipbuilding. The decreasing resources of the crude oil, the requirements regarding environmental protection as well as the increase of the liquid fuel prices were the reason for the study. The solid biomass comparing to the liquid or gaseous forms has relatively low calorific value. In order to increase this value the solid biomass is subject to the densification or torrefaction process and most often occurs in the shape of pellets. In this form it could be useful on ships. A test stand has been characterised where it can be experimentally verified whether ship’s rolling does affect the changes in flow resistance values during the pneumatic transportation of solid fuel from the storage facility to the boiler. On the basis of the measurements the hydraulic characteristics have been provided for the piping located on the movable platform with and without granular material. The changes in the platform oscillation period have influence on the change in the pressure inside transport piping for each investigated material. The results also show that the platform constantly inclinations do exert an influence on the pressure drop in the transport pipeline during transporting the granular material. It is smaller when the position is inclined. Comparing the results obtained for the different transported materials of a similar nature of the pressure fluctuations could be observed.

scholarly journals Generator gas as a fuel to power a diesel engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Tutak ◽  
Arkadiusz Jamrozik
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Generator Gas

The results of gasification process of dried sewage sludge and use of generator gas as a fuel for dual fuel turbocharged compression ignition engine are presented. The results of gasifying showed that during gasification of sewage sludge is possible to obtain generator gas of a calorific value in the range of 2.15 ? 2.59 MJ/m3. It turned out that the generator gas can be effectively used as a fuel to the compression ignition engine. Because of gas composition, it was possible to run engine with partload conditions. In dual fuel operation the high value of indicated efficiency was achieved equal to 35%, so better than the efficiency of 30% attainable when being fed with 100% liquid fuel. The dual fuel engine version developed within the project can be recommended to be used in practice in a dried sewage sludge gasification plant as a dual fuel engine driving the electric generator loaded with the active electric power limited to 40 kW (which accounts for approx. 50% of its rated power), because it is at this power that the optimal conditions of operation of an engine dual fuel powered by liquid fuel and generator gas are achieved. An additional advantage is the utilization of waste generated in the wastewater treatment plant.

scholarly journals The reduction of atmospheric emissions after the implementation of first Polish nuclear power plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 01001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Cholewiński
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Solid Biomass ◽  
Representative Samples

In this work the environmental benefits in the atmospheric emissions after the implementation of 3,000 MW nuclear power plants were assessed and presented. To determine the quantity of avoided emissions of CO2, NOx, SO2 and Hg compounds, harmonised stoichiometric combustion model dedicated to solid fuel fired power plant was created. To increase the credibility of the studies, future strict emission standards (Directive 2010/75/EU, BAT documents for LCP) were included as well. In conducted studies, representative samples of 3 different Polish solid fuels were examined (by comprehensive proximate and ultimate analysis) and used in assessment. It was proven that by the replacement of thermal solid fuel power plant by nuclear unit (with annual production rate of 22.4 TWh net) up to 16.4 million tonnes of lignite, 8.9 million tonnes of hard coal or 13.1 million tonnes of solid biomass can be saved. Further, for the case of lignite, the emission, at least, of 21.29 million tonnes of CO2 (6.9% of all Polish emission in 2015), 1,610 tonnes of dust (0.4%), 16,102 tonnes of NOx (2.2%), 16,102 tonnes of SO2 (2.0%) and 564 kg of mercury (5.9%) can be avoided. For selected hard coal, calculated emission savings were equal to 17.60 million tonnes of CO2 (5.7%), 1,357 tonnes of dust (0.4%), 13,566 tonnes of NOx (1.9%), 13,566 tonnes of SO2 (1.7%), 271 kg of mercury (2.9%), and for biomass - equal to 20.04 million tonnes of CO2 (6.5%), 1,471 tonnes of dust (0.4%), 14,712 tonnes of NOx (2.0%), 14,712 tonnes of SO2 (1.8%) and 294 kg of mercury (3.1%).

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Magnesium Chloride for Solid Fuel Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Carrasco ◽  
Javier Silva ◽  
Ernesto Pino-Cortés ◽  
Jaime Gómez ◽  
Fidel Vallejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Mass Yield

The effect of magnesium chloride as an additive of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass (Pinus radiata sawdust) was studied. The HTC tests were carried out at fixed conditions of temperature and residence time of 220 °C and 1 h, respectively, and varying the dose of magnesium chloride in the range 0.0–1.0 g MgCl2/g biomass. The carbonized product (hydrochar) was tested in order to determine its calorific value (HHV) while using PARR 6100 calorimeter, mass yield by gravimetry, elemental analysis using a LECO TruSpec elemental analyzer, volatile matter content, and ash content were obtained by standardized procedures using suitable ovens for it. The results show that using a dose of 0.75 g MgCl2/g biomass results in an impact on the mass yield that was almost equal to change operating conditions from 220 to 270 °C and from 0.5 to 1 h, without additive. Likewise, the calorific value increases by 33% for this additive dose, resulting in an energy yield of 68%, thus generating a solid fuel of prominent characteristics.

scholarly journals Analysis of the efficiency of a solid fuel boiler depending on the choice of combusted fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
Przemysław Pachytel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
The Real ◽  
Residential Sector

In the municipal and residential sector in Poland, as many as 50% of households are heated by solid fuel boilers. Most often these are, unfortunately, inefficient boilers, fired with low-quality coal. This study characterizes the market of boilers for solid fuels in Poland, and also presents the main apportionment of these devices, due to the different criteria that characterize them. The current legal changes in the scope of energy and emission requirements for solid fuel boilers are also discussed. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the real efficiency of the solid fuel over-fired boiler used, depending on the fuel burned in it. The process of burning selected fuels (seasoned wood, coal and pea coal) in the boiler was preceded by tests of these fuels to determine their energy parameters, such as moisture, ash content, the share of volatile matter and calorific value. In the next step, the energy efficiency obtained by the tested solid fuel boiler during the combustion of selected solid fuels was compared. The highest efficiency was achieved during the combustion of pea coal, and the lowest was achieved during the combustion of wood. In any case, the nominal efficiency value was achieved. Solutions that could improve the quality of the combustion process in this type of boiler were proposed.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Upgrading of Korean MSW for Solid Fuel Production: Effect of MSW Composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daegi Kim ◽  
Pandji Prawisudha ◽  
Kunio Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Food Residue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Msw Composition

In Korea, municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment is conducted by converting wastes into energy resources using the mechanical-biological treatment (MBT). The small size MSW to be separated from raw MSW by mechanical treatment (MT) is generally treated by biological treatment that consists of high composition of food residue and paper and so forth. In this research, the hydrothermal treatment was applied to treat the surrogate MT residue composed of paper and/or kimchi. It was shown that the hydrothermal treatment increased the calorific value of the surrogate MT residue due to increasing fixed carbon content and decreasing oxygen content and enhanced the dehydration and drying performances of kimchi. Comparing the results of paper and kimchi samples, the calorific value of the treated product from paper was increased more effectively due to its high content of cellulose. Furthermore, the change of the calorific value before and after the hydrothermal treatment of the mixture of paper and kimchi can be well predicted by this change of paper and kimchi only. The hydrothermal treatment can be expected to effectively convert high moisture MT residue into a uniform solid fuel.

Performance Evaluation of an IC Engine (SI) Using Biogas as Fuel With Petrol Blends: A Case Study

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Masood ◽  
S. N. Mehdi ◽  
Syed Yousufuddin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Natural Decomposition

Biogas is the term used for the gas made from the natural decomposition of Organic (plant or animal) materials. It is Produced when the materials are digested by bacteria in a situation where little or no air is present (anaerobic digestion). Biogas consisting of approximately two-thirds methane (CH4) and one-third carbon dioxide (CO2) burns well and can be used to provide energy in the form of heat or electricity. The main practical sources of biogas are sewage, animal manure and the organic materials in household refuse or industrial waste. Like other renewable energy sources, biogas is a stored form of solar energy (since it originates from plants which used the sun’s energy to grow). An experimental evaluation was carried out to compare the performance of an IC engine (SI) Using Biogas as fuel blended with petrol in different proportions to that of only petrol as fuel. The performance study carried out in a four cylinder SI engine shows that this can better be used as an automotive fuel with a comparatively much lesser cost than the conventional fuels. The results show that because of the low calorific value of biogas the thermal efficiency is lesser than that of petrol and remains same at low and high out puts. Same is the case for volumetric efficiency. Biogas is an excellent and economical fuel for both petrol and diesel engines. However the power obtained is less than that of liquid fuel. Biogas is a cheaper and better fuel for cooking, lighting and running engines.

scholarly journals High-Energy Solid Fuel Obtained from Carbonized Rice Starch

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4096
Author(s):  
Beata Kurc ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Marita Pigłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Very High

The paper describes the investigations of the physicochemical properties of biocoal, a solid fuel obtained following the carbonization of rice starch. The production of biocoal (carbonization) was completed at the temperature of 600 °C in the nitrogen atmosphere. As a result of the carbonization, amorphous carbon with high monodispersity was obtained, devoided of oxygen elements and was a very well developed BET specific surface—360 m2 g−1. The investigations of the technical parameters have confirmed a very high concentration of energy. The calorific value of 53.21 MJ kg−1 and the combustion heat of 54.92 MJ kg−1 are significantly higher than those of starch before carbonization (18.72 MJ kg−1 and 19.43 MJ kg−1, respectively) and these values for typical biomass fuels. These values are also greater than those of hard coal. Other advantageous features of the obtained fuel are low ash (0.84%) and moisture content. These features predispose this fuel for the application as an alternative to conventional fuels.

Development of an Energy Efficient Solid Fuel for Maximum Emission-Reduction and Regular Heating Rate in Fired Heaters

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 525-532
Author(s):  
G.O. Umosekhaimhe
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Heat Generation Rate ◽  
Optimum Heating ◽  
Composite Solid ◽  
Good Heat

In consideration to the numerous impacts of coal burning especially in domestic indoor fires, a coal-based composite solid fuel has been developed to immensely reduce gaseous emissions, while at the same time maintaining good heat generation rate. The fuel-type which was produced from a mixture of coal and clay solution yielded its optimum heating properties and minimum emission for a formulation of 2:1 of coal: clay solution (1:2.5 of clay: water) by mass fraction. The calorific value of the pure coal was higher than that of composite coal by a factor 1.2 for the same mass of sample used. The formulated composite solid fuel which was found to compete favourably with pure coal, was also efficient toward gaseous emission reduction when combusted at 400oC than at 800oC.

scholarly journals The effect of thermal pre-treatment on cassava rhizome properties for utilizing as green fuel in gasification

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Punchaluck Sirinwaranon ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Green Fuel

Cassava rhizome (CR) was torrefied to provide superior solid fuel quality for further gasification process. The torrefaction was carried out in the absence of oxygen at 220, 240, 260, and 280°C with a fixed residence time. Solid fuel after torrefaction has a higher calorific value from that of reduced volatile matters. The optimum energy yield of torrefied CR is 88.16% at 260°C. The heating value of 20.86 MJ/kg for a torrefied product can be achieved compared to 15.37 MJ/kg for untreated CR. The subsequent gasification of torrefied CR at temperature of 800°C yielded the highest gas product of 65 wt.%. The carbon and hydrogen conversions into CO and H2 were 14.28% and 29.95%, respectively. Synthesis gas (syngas) from the conversion maintained the H2/CO ratio of around 2–2.50, which is suitable for the Fischer–Tropsch process or can be used as the feedstock for petrochemical industry.

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