scholarly journals Fishing as an important source of food in the Arctic and subarctic zones of Yakutia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Popova ◽  
Alexey F. Abramov ◽  
Ludmila N. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Rivers And Lakes

AbstractThe peculiarity of natural conditions of Yakutia plays an important role in the formation of economic activities of its population. A significant number of rivers and lakes are a favorable condition for the development and preservation of traditional fishing. Currently, more than 89% of the commercial fish catch is produced in the lower reaches of the large northern rivers and lakes in the Arctic and subarctic zones of Yakutia. The main part of this catch is whitefish species, which are valued for their fat content, protein content, culinary, and taste qualities. Fish is a valuable food product for the population of Yakutia. This article presents the results of the study on the nutritional value and the content of heavy metals in the Arctic cisco meat. The high content of fat and protein in the studied samples shows that the Arctic cisco meat belongs to high-protein and high-calorie products and has a high biological value. It was found that on average, the level of toxic metals in the Arctic cisco meat does not exceed the norms accepted in Russia for fish products. The data obtained suggest that the content of heavy metals in fish is due to the peculiarities of living conditions and environmental pollution. Over the past decades, the volume of fish production in Yakutia has been declining due to the socioeconomic and climatic factors. Due to the anthropogenic pollution of water in rivers and lakes by oil products and effluents and waste from various sectors of the economy, especially the mining industry, there is a reduction in the fish resources and there is a need to monitor the environmental condition of the fishing reservoirs and the fish food quality.

scholarly journals Heavy metal uptake of near-shore benthic foraminifera during multi-metal culturing experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina Schmidt ◽  
Edmund Charles Hathorne ◽  
Joachim Schönfeld ◽  
Dieter Garbe-Schönberg
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Near Shore

Abstract. Heavy metal pollution originating from anthropogenic sources, e.g., mining, industry and extensive land use, is increasing in many parts of the world and influences coastal marine environments for a long time. The elevated input of heavy metals into the marine system potentially affects the biota because of their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. An emerging tool for environmental applications is the heavy metal incorporation into foraminiferal tests calcite, which facilitates monitoring of anthropogenic footprints on recent and past environmental systems. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the incorporation of heavy metals in foraminifera is a direct function of their concentration in seawater. Culturing experiments with a mixture of dissolved chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in artificial seawater were carried out over a wide concentration range to assess the uptake of heavy metals by the near-shore foraminiferal species Ammonia aomoriensis, Ammonia batava and Elphidium excavatum. Seawater analysis exhibited the increasing metal concentrations between culturing phases and revealed high metal concentrations in the beginning of the culturing phases due to the punctual metal addition. Furthermore, a loss of metals during the culturing process was discovered, which lead to a deviation between the expected and the actual concentrations of the metals in seawater. Laser ablation ICP-MS analysis of the newly formed calcite revealed species-specific differences in the incorporation of heavy metals. The foraminiferal calcite of all three species reveals a strong positive correlation with Pb and Ag concentrations in the culturing medium. Ammonia aomoriensis further showed a correlation with Mn and Cu, A. batava with Mn and Hg and E. excavatum with Cr and Ni, and partially also with Hg. Zn, Sn and Cd showed no clear trend for the species studied, which may be caused by the little variation of these metals in seawater. Our calibrations and the calculated partition coefficients render A. aomoriensis, A. batava and E. excavatum as natural archives that enable the direct quantification of metals in polluted and pristine environments. This in turn allows monitoring of the ecosystem status of areas that are potentially under the threat of anthropogenic pollution in order to evaluate contemporary emission reduction measures.

SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Waykin Nopanitaya ◽  
Joe W. Grisham ◽  
Johnny L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

Working conditions and occupational pathology of coal miners in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanev ◽  
S. A. Syurin ◽  
N. M. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Due to the impact of adverse working conditions and climate, workers in coal-mining enterprises in the Arctic are at increased risk of occupational diseases (OD).The aim of the study was to study the working conditions, causes, structure and prevalence of occupational diseases in miners of coal mines in the Arctic.Materials and methods. Th e data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of Vorkuta and Chukotka Autonomous District in 2007–2017 are studied.Results. It was established that in 2007–2017 years, 2,296 ODs were diagnosed for the first time in 1851 coal mines, mainly in the drifters, clearing face miners, repairmen and machinists of mining excavating machines. Most often, the ODs occurred when exposed to the severity of labor, fibrogenic aerosols and hand-arm vibration. The development of professional pathology in 98% of cases was due to design flaws of machines and mechanisms, as well as imperfections of workplaces and technological processes. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (36.2%), respiratory organs (28.9%) and nervous system (22.5%) prevailed in the structure of professional pathology of miners of coal mines. Among the three most common nosological forms of OD were radiculopathy (32.1%), chronic bronchitis (27.7%) and mono-polyneuropathy (15.4%). In 2017, coal miners in the Arctic had a professional morbidity rate of 2.82 times higher than the national rates for coal mining.Conclusions. To preserve the health of miners of coal mining enterprises, technical measures to improve working conditions and medical interventions aimed at increasing the body’s resistance to the effects of harmful production and climatic factors are necessary.

Heavy metals in commercial fish of Ogun River at Abeokuta, Nigeria

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
IT Omoniyi ◽  
AO Agbon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Ogun River

Baseline Values for Heavy Metals in Soils on Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen Island, Arctic: The Extent of Anthropogenic Pollution

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1260-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ling Hao ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Hai Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Cumulative Sums

Heavy metal contents (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) have been measured in 40 surface soils on Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen Island, Arctic, which were in concentrations (in milligrams kilogram1) of 13.3-127 (Cr), 1.72-38.8 (Ni), 7.84-47.3 (Cu), 26.5-123 (Zn), 2.17-9.22 (As), 0-2.4 (Cd), 0.21-0.38 (Hg), 0-129 (Pb). Relative cumulative sums analysis and relative cumulative frequency analysis were used to determine the baseline values for the 8 metals, yielding values of Cr (24.7 mg/kg), Ni (6.24 mg/kg) , Cu (11.5 mg/kg) , Zn (77.3 mg/kg) , As (2.60 mg/kg) , Hg (0.27 mg/kg) , Pb (4.38mg/kg). Geo-accumulation index method was applied in order to determine the extent of anthropogenic contamination. Principal component analysis was put into use aiming to identify the sources of these heavy metals. The results showed that Pb, Cr, Cd and Hg have been significantly elevated in concentration by human activities.

Best Available Techniques in mining industry: topical issues and solution methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
A. E. Zakondyrin
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Extractive Industry ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

Extraction of mineral resources is one of the most profitable economic activities of the country, commanding a large part in Russian GDP. Nevertheless, precisely extractive industry is simultaneously leading in the level of Negative Environmental Impact. Adoption and application of BAT in mining sector companies requires essential changes in ecological policy of the Russian Federation. Although they were already started since 2014, there are still many unsolved problems in this area. It is emphasized within the article frame work, that one of the most topical issues is a long-standing need to develop more efficient methods and mechanisms of state support for technological and ecological changes. The ways of difficulties overcoming were considered, recommendations on enhancement of existing regulatory framework and standardisation documents in the area of research were made.

Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

scholarly journals The Isolation and Identification Bacteria on Jallalah Animal (Study on the Feeding Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with Chicken Manure As Foods)

Elkawnie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Opik Taupik Kurahman ◽  
Astri Yuliawati ◽  
Lusi Haerunnisa ◽  
Ateng Supriyatna ◽  
Tri Cahyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fish Intestine ◽  
Commercial Fish Food ◽  
Eating Animal

Abstract: In the hadith, Rasulullah SAW prohibit human to consume meat and milk from manure-eating animal (Jallalah animal). In this study, tilapia fishes were fed chicken manure (being Jallalah). Then, it was analyzed based on the microbe in their intestine. The purposes of this study are to isolate and to identify the types of bacteria, and to determine the pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of fish that have been fed chicken manure. Bacteria samples were isolated from the intestine of fish with chicken manure and the commercial fish food as a control. Bacteria identification was done by using morphological characterization, macroscopic and microscopic identification, and biochemical test. The results show that 21 isolated bacteria in the fish intestine that was fed chicken manure and six of the bacteria are pathogenic. Based on this study, it can be concluded that tilapia fish by feeding with chicken manure contains many types of pathogens bacteria. Briefly, tilapia fish is not good for being consumption.Abstrak: Dalam hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Umar,  Rasulullah SAW. Melarang memakan daging dan meminum susu hewan pemakan kotoran (hewan Jallalah). Pada penelitian ini, ikan nila diberi pakan kotoran ayam (menjadi Jallalah). Selanjutnya ikan tersebut dianalisis kandungan mikroba yang terkandung didalam saluran pencernaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bentuk bakteri dan mendeterminasi bakteri patogen dan non-patogen yang terdapat didalam saluran pencernaan ikan ynag telah diberi pakan kotoran ayam. Sampel bakteri diisolasi dari saluran pencernaan ikan setelah diberi kotoran ayam dan ikan yang diberi pakan komersil (kontrol). Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan secara makroskopik, mikroskopik, dan uji biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ditemukan 21 isolat bakteri dalam usus ikan yang diberi korotan ayam yang tergolong ke dalam genus Listeria, Staphylococcus, Alcaligenes, Cromobacterium, Edwardisiella, Micrococcus, Bacillus, dan Kurthia. Dari 21 jenis tersebut terdapat 6 jenis bakteri pathogen yaitu Edwarsiella sp, Micrococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Alcaligenes sp, Listeria sp dan Chromobacterium. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini bahwa hewan ikan yang memakan kotoran ayam mengandung banyak jenis bakteri patogen sehingga tidak baik untuk di konsumsi.

scholarly journals Cadmium (Cd) Resistance of Isolate Bacteria from Poboya Gold Mining in Palu, Central Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Fahruddin Fahruddin ◽  
Syahruddin Kasim ◽  
Eka Ummi Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Central Sulawesi

The mining industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly, giving an environmental impact from the waste produced because it contains dangerous heavy metals, one of which is cadmium metal (Cd). The purpose to know the ability of cadmium resistance in bacterial isolates. Bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples from the Poboya Gold Mine field, Palu. Bacterial isolation and selection were carried out by the plate count method, resistance testing using nutrient broth media containing heavy metals Cd, analysis of Cd concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometers. From the results of the study, four types of Cd resistant isolates were obtained based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization results, namely isolates EK1, EK2, EK3 and EK4. The two best isolates of Cd resistance, EK2 and EK4 isolates were tested on media containing 20 ppm Cd, showing that both of these isolates were able to significantly reduce Cd concentrations in the supernatant and pellets.

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