scholarly journals The Evaluation of Sanitary-Epidemiological Service Conditions On a Submarine

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Michał Żychliński ◽  
Piotr Siermontowski ◽  
Romuald Olszański
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Excess Quantities

Abstract Service on a submarine is the most stressful and psychologically challenging form of military service. It is characterised by specific living and sanitaryepidemiological conditions which are far from typical. This work is based on the analyses of reports formulated from research conducted by a working environment laboratory, and on the control protocols of the sanitary supervision and control team (WOMP) Gdynia, from the Kobben submersible vessels in the years 2014 and 2015. Military Centres of Preventive Medicine hold supervision over Military Units pursuant to generally applicable regulations in the civil environment and standardised NATO norms. Measurements concern the level of noise, mechanical vibrations, chemical agents, electromagnetic radiation, physiochemical and biological water and kitchenware tests. The objective of the research is to evaluate the service conditions on a submersible vessel with regard to sanitary-epidemiological aspects such as exposure to infectious and occupational diseases. In selected stations, the conducted measurements indicate an increased level of noise, electromagnetic radiation and excess quantities of bacteria colonies on kitchenware.

Конница тюрко-монгольских народов Великой степи в российской армии XVIII – начала XIX в. Часть 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-97
Author(s):  
Utash B. Ochirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Previous Issue ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The article examines activities of Turko-Mongols to have inhabited the Great Steppe and adjacent territories in the military service of Russia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. The period witnessed the employment of ethnic military units of irregular cavalries Russian army recruited from the Mongolian-speaking Kalmyks and Buryats, Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, Teptyars, Mishar and Tatars. The work focuses on the largest ethnic military forces ― those of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs. Despite Russian forces were reorganized to from a regular army in the early 18th century, the latter still contained significant irregular components, including ones recruited from Turko-Mongols. Initially, the ethnic groups had served as independent military contingents with traditional structures, tactics, and weapons, but by the late 18th century all ethnic forces were clustered into Don Cossack-type regiments. In the first part of the article, published in the previous issue, the features of military service of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs in their usual habitat ― in the Great Steppe were considered. The second part of the article analyzes the actions of the Turkic-Mongol cavalry in the three largest wars of Russia in the XVIII-early XX century. XIX centuries. (The Northern, Seven-Year War, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814). Rational approaches and command of the ethnic units would yield good results ― both in Eurasian plains and European battlefields. The use of ethnic forces within the Russian army not only saved essential financial and physical resources for the defense of large territories and dramatically long frontiers but also facilitated further integration of their elites into the Empire’s community.

scholarly journals Reaction Time to Visual Stimulus in Firefighters and Healthy Trained Subjects: A Preliminary Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Perroni ◽  
Eric Mol ◽  
Anthony Walker ◽  
Calogero Alaimo ◽  
Laura Guidetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Background: In order to stay safe, and to successfully complete their work, firefighters have to constantly assess and process large numbers of sensory stimuli and adapt to the inherent risks present in the working environment. Objective: The purposes of the present preliminary study were to analyse the speed of Reaction Time responses (RT) of Italian Firefighters and to compare their cognitive responses with non-firefighting subjects. Methods: Anthropometric (weight, height and BMI) and RT (time-to-completion –TTC-, mean of reaction time –MRT-, and errors made -E-) evaluations were administered at 16 volunteers (Age: 40.3 ± 6.7 yrs; BMI: 23.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2) divided in Firefighters (FG) and Control (CG) groups. RT test consisted of 3 trials (T1 = 1s of stimulus duration and 1s interval between stimulus and the other; T2 = 0.5s of stimulus duration and 1s interval between stimulus and the other; T3 = 0.5s of stimulus duration and 0.5s interval between stimulus and the other). Mann Whitney U test between groups was applied to asses differences (p ≤ 0.05) in TTC, MRT, and E while Friedmann test and Dunn-Sidak post hoc were used to evaluate significant differences in the 3 trials in each variable of each group. Results: No significant differences based on anthropometric parameters were observed between groups. Despite no significant differences emerged for TTC and MRT between groups, we observed significant differences in E between groups (CG = 4; FG =12) and in the 3rd condition in each variable of each group. Conclusion: Workout programs that integrate reaction time training with job performance should be created to increase job performance.

Studies of Time of Farmers' Exposure to Hazardous Factors in the Working Environment on Polish Family Farms

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 662-665
Author(s):  
A. Molocznik
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
One Year

In order to determine human exposure to hazardous factors of the working environment it is necessary to recognize, apart from their level and intensity, the duration of exposure. This parameter is difficult to measure because of changeable exposure in agriculture, where the work cycle is prolonged to one year, and the daily working time in conditions of exposure to hazardous factors changes irregularly from one day to the next. Studies conducted on typical mixed-production family farms in Poland showed that dust and elements of the thermal environment are the most frequent factors accompanying agricultural work, followed by contact with biological hazards, noise and vibration; whereas the working time in conditions of exposure to chemical agents is the shortest.

Evidence-Based Design for Workplace Violence Prevention in Emergency Departments Utilizing CPTED and Space Syntax Analyses

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672110429
Author(s):  
Nada El-Hadedy ◽  
Momen El-Husseiny
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Spatial Attributes ◽  
And Control

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is a prevalent phenomenon in Egyptian emergency departments (EDs), an issue that threatens an already scarce resource of healthcare workers. Furthermore, changes and modifications are continuously taking place in hospitals, with no consideration to the important role those changes might play in reducing or encouraging WPV behaviors. Objective: This research serves as an initial step in offering answers on how the environmental design of an ED can be modified and manipulated to prevent and control WPV. Accordingly, the objective of this research is to identify the environmental features that potentially influence WPV in the ED. This could provide healthcare designers with the necessary tools to forecast the location of WPV and define the measures needed for a safer working environment. Method: The study comprised a hybrid method approach that evaluates the implementation of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) through field observation and combined with space syntax analyses (SSAs) of the spatial attributes. Results: The results showed a positive relationship between the spatial properties (high integration and connectivity values) and WPV locations. The results also demonstrated that situational factors as natural surveillance played an important role in displacing the WPV locations. Conclusions: The contribution of this research lies in elaborating the SSA and CPTED from a conceptual to an empirical level. Combining those tools will help identify the location of WPV in the ED and hence facilitates successful future environmental intervention strategies.

Trust, but verify.. Power relations and control practices in a smart working environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-50
Author(s):  
Silvia Doria
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
The World ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Smart Working ◽  
Banking Institution ◽  
And Control

The world of working is changing and the technological transformations are playing a relevant role in this change. In particular, new technologies are making the physical boundaries of traditional offices increasingly permeable, allowing the diffusion of New Ways of Working (Demerouti et al., 2014; Koops and Helms, 2014), such as smart working. This paper, based on a qualitative research and discursive interviews, intends to reflect on the introduction and top-down management of smart working within a banking institution. At the same time, it aims to grasp the role attributed to and played by technology in its implementation. Starting from the two reconstructed stories, I shall show if and how the innovations introduced whereby technologies enable us to work remotely, are changing existing power relations and what control dynamics emerge from the field.

Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mina Rasouli Mojez ◽  
Abbas Ali Gaeini ◽  
Siroos Choobineh ◽  
Mohsen Sheykhlouvand
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation

Background: The present study determined whether 4 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise improves antioxidant capacity on the brain of rats against oxidative stress caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones. Methods: Responses of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as the number of hippocampal dead cells, were examined. Male Wistar rats (10–12 wk old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (N = 8): (1) moderate aerobic exercise (EXE) (2 × 15–30 min at 1215 m/min speed with 5 min of active recovery between sets), (2) exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves 3 hours per day (RAD), (3) EXE + RAD, and (4) exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Results: Following the exposure, the number of the hippocampal dead cells was significantly higher in group RAD compared with groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Malondialdehyde concentration in group RAD was significantly higher than that of groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Also, the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group was significantly higher compared with those of the exposure group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that moderate aerobic exercise enhances hippocampal antioxidant capacity against oxidative challenge in the form of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves.

Cryptosporidium and Giardia as Agents of Foodborne Disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Infections by the protozoan parasites of the genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia can be asymptomatic or cause gastroenteritis in immunocompetent people. However, in immunocompromised individuals, the infections can be more severe and even life threatening. Both parasites are common waterborne pathogens, but on occasion they may be foodborne or transmitted by body contact. In this review, several aspects of Cryptosporidium and Giardia are discussed including their life cycles, resistance to physical and chemical agents, routes of transmission to humans, the nature of the disease caused by the parasites, and detection of the organisms in water, feces, and food. Documented incidents in which Cryptosporidium or Giardia contaminated foods were implicated as cause of gastroenteritis are discussed to illustrate conditions leading to foodborne outbreaks and to suggest means of prevention and control of the parasites when present in foods.

Modeling, Control, and Validation of Electrohydrostatic Shock Absorbers

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Galluzzi ◽  
Andrea Tonoli ◽  
Nicola Amati
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Damping Control ◽  
Variable Damping ◽  
And Control ◽  
Damping Systems

The implementation of variable damping systems to increase the adaptability of mechanical structures to their working environment has been gaining increasing scientific interest, and numerous attempts have been devoted to address vibration control by means of active and semi-active devices. Although research results seem promising in some cases, the proposed solutions are often not able to fulfill requirements in terms of compactness and simplicity on one hand, and dynamic performance on the other. In this context, the present paper discusses the modeling and control of an electrohydrostatic actuation (EHA) system for its implementation as a damping device. A model of the device is proposed and analyzed for design purposes. Subsequently, a damping control strategy is presented. Finally, a case study introduces and validates an EHA prototype for helicopter rotor blade lead–lag damping.

Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Knowledge Sharing Intention: A Conceptual Framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Khari ◽  
Shuchi Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
And Control

Knowledge forms a crucial source for gaining competitive advantage and its sharing a dominant challenge facing several organizations. In this paper we propose a positive role of workplace spirituality (WPS) (at individual and collective levels) on knowledge sharing intention (KSI) by employing the theory of decomposed planned behaviour. We argue that WPS with its focus on inner spirit, meaningful work, sense of interconnectedness and alignment with organizational values and mission positively strengthens an individual’s knowledge sharing attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural controls (thereby, strengthening their KSI) by affecting the underlying behavioural, normative and control beliefs. We also take into account the role of transformational leadership (TL) in creating a pro-social working environment, which facilitates knowledge sharing. In proposing a holistic and multi-level framework linking WPS (at individual and collective levels) and TL with KSI, this paper contributes to both, knowledge sharing and WPS literatures.

Hydrodynamic Analysis of Waveforms Induced by Vibrational Stimuli at Meridian and Non-meridian Points

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (06) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong Soo Lee ◽  
Yong-Chin Kim ◽  
Sun-Rock Moon ◽  
Byung-Chul Shin ◽  
Dong-Myong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Pericardium Meridian ◽  
Attenuation Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Regions

Meridian theory is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although acupuncture has been accepted in many countries, the nature of the meridian theory and the principles of acupuncture are still unclear in the modern scientific view. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in wave propagation of mechanical vibrations (optimal stimulator frequency of 40 Hz) through the pericardium meridian [EH-4 (Chieh-Men) and EH-5 (Chien-Shih)] and adjacent control regions in 20 subjects using hydrodynamic analysis. The mean transfer speed was significantly lower in the meridian (4 m/s) than in the adjacent control region (8.5 m/s, P<0.001). There were also significant differences between the meridian and control points in the attenuation rate (P<0.001) and peak amplitude (P<0.001). In conclusion, these results imply that the substance of the meridian differs from that of the adjacent control regions.

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