scholarly journals Public health management: life expectancy and air pollution

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgeta-Madalina Meghisan ◽  
Dorin Toma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Management

Abstract Part of the National Strategy of Sustainable Development from Romania, life expectancy and air pollution indicators have an important role in establishing long term public health management strategies. International scientific literature within the field underlines the strong connection between air pollution and life expectancy. This research study focuses on the impact of greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter air pollutants, ozone air pollutants on the length of life at 65 years old and life expectancy at birth of the population from Romania. The methods used for research are correlation and linear regression. Our results will be a starting point for further development of public health policies in developing countries, which mostly focus on socio-economic aspects, neglecting the negative impact of air pollution.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN ON AIR POLLUTION, HEALTH AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: SYSTEM DYNAMICS ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2332-2338
Author(s):  
Vladyslav A. Smiianov ◽  
Oleksii V. Lyulyov ◽  
Tetyana V. Pimonenko ◽  
Tetyana A. Andrushchenko ◽  
Serhii Sova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Growth System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is checking the hypothesis on the linking between consequences of pandemic lockdown and air pollution, public health, and economic growth. Materials and methods: for prediction and modelling of the pandemic lockdown’s impact on the air pollution, health, and economic growth with the system dynamics analysis and software Vensim; for the analysis, the authors used the methods as follows: bibliometric analysis with Scopus Tools Analysis and software VOSviewer. Results: The findings confirmed that the current rate of infected from growing disease was 11%. If quarantine continues the rate of infected from the growing disease will be 15%. If the quarantine cancels the rate of infected from the growing disease will be 5%, and the declining of GDP increment will be higher, than in scenario with quarantine. Conclusions: The findings confirmed the hypothesis that lockdown has the negative impact on the economic, social, and ecological growth of the country. At the same time, in the case, if the government cancel the quarantine, the declining of GDP increment will be higher, and the rate of infected from the growing disease will be the highest – 15%. In this case, the government should provide the quarantine regime and strengthen the control of the compliance.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Mortality on U.S. Life Expectancy by Socioeconomic Rank of County of Residence

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 236-236
Author(s):  
Denys Dukhovnov ◽  
Magali Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
National Data ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Us ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Mortality disparities due to COVID-19 pandemic in the US accentuated the gap in the targeted public health and education response among disadvantaged communities. We use county data from John Hopkins University of Medicine in conjunction with county socioeconomic decile rankings, and weekly national data from the Centers for Disease Control to uncover the impact of county-level socioeconomic deprivation on the spatio-temporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality. We estimate that over the course of 2020, the pandemic reduced the life expectancy at birth by 1.33 years (95% CI 1.0-1.56), and by 0.84 years (95% CI 0.59-1.0) by age 85 across all county SES decile groups, relative to the previous year's projection. The highest losses occurred in counties at the ends of the deprivation spectrum, and least affecting those in its middle. Decomposition of the impact of the COVID-19 mortality by seasonal time periods of 2020 reveals that coastal urban and high-SES counties endured a heavy death toll in the initial stages of the pandemic, though managed to cut it by more than a half by the end of 2020. The least affluent, inland, and rural counties have experienced a dramatic and lasting increase in deaths toward the second half of the year. We find that preexisting socioeconomic disparities before COVID-19 remained in force during the pandemic, leaving populations at all ages residing in underserved communities at a greater risk. This both calls into question and further instructs the ongoing public health interventions enabling more effective and equitable infectious disease mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Waste Management Systems’ Impact on Health and Environment in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abarca Guerrero ◽  
V. Rudin Valverde ◽  
Ger Maas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Impact

There is a large body of literature produced in developed countries on the potential adverse health effects of different waste management options but hardly studied in developing countries. On the contrary, the relations between economic issues and the impact of waste management systems on the environment have been studied by different scholars from developing countries. This paper aims to explain associations between some parameters that describe waste management systems at a city level and country parameters in relation to public health and environmental pollution in developing countries. This work reviews waste management systems from more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents It describes partly their waste management as answers to 122 questions that include information of public sources and general country characteristics. A combination of methods was used in order to assess the impact of waste management system on health and the environment. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic methods in order to draw conclusions. The outcomes were unable to provide convincing evidence of an association of waste management and the impact on health. On the contrary, the results show that some of the waste management practices have a negative influence in the environment. The study didn’t consider epidemiological evidences concerning public health, economy and pollution of the studied cities due to nonexistence or unreliable reliable information. Instead, data on country performance indicators for public health (perinatal mortality, adult mortality, life expectancy at birth and healthy life expectancy, an economic indicator (Gross Domestic Product/capita) and environmental indicators (ecological footprint / capita and  CO2-emission/capita were used. In addition, some other country characterization parameters were chosen (persons/km2, % urban population).

Analysis of the impact of technogenic environmental factors on public health in the territory of the Voronezh region

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Mekhantyeva ◽  
Marianna Perfilyeva ◽  
Tatyana Stepanova ◽  
Irina Karateeva ◽  
Alyona Chernigovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of a study on the degree of influence of environmental factors on public health in the Voronezh region. Nowadays, people are often exposed to numerous harmful environmental factors that have a negative impact on their health. The main of the leading factors are air pollution and the hygienic condition of drinking water. The analysis of the sanitary-epidemiological situation was carried out and the incidence rate in the territory of the Voronezh region from 2016–2018 was estimated. We also analyzed the data of observation of air pollution, drinking water at observation posts of organizations of Rospotrebnadzor located in the city of Voronezh. As a result of the study, an analysis was made of the environmental situation in more than 30 districts of the Voronezh region. At the same time, the tendency of the incidence rate in these territories was studied. The presence of endemic diseases of certain classes was revealed. The results of the study indicate the leading factors that have a negative impact on the health of the population living in different regions. In conclusion, it was noted that over the past 4 years, the environmental situation in the territory of the Voronezh region has remained unfavorable. The increased content of certain substances in the air and water of the area entails a high incidence rate for specific classes of diseases. The relationship of environmental pollution indicators with the incidence rate of the population of certain areas was also identified and the dependence of the content of certain substances in the air, water and the purity of the manifestation of specific classes of diseases in various parts of the region was established.

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI PARAMETER METEOROLOGI DAN KONDISI LALU LINTAS TERHADAP KONSENTRASI PENCEMAR NO2 DI KOTA SEMARANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Titik Istirokhatun ◽  
Elaeis Noviani Ratnasari ◽  
Sudarno Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Environmental Health Research ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution and its public health effects are drawing increasing concern from the environmental health research community, environmental regulatory agencies, industries as well as public. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of those common air pollutants that potentially major cause health problems. Transportation contributed most of the air pollution. In addition, the number of vehicles that are passing and queuing on the crossroads because of traffic light can affect the concentration of NO 2. Besides, in these places there are a lot of road users which are potentially exposed by contaminants, so information about the concentration of NO2 on road side is important to know. This study aimed to investigate the impact of meteorological factors and the number of vehicles on NO2 concentrations. Impinger fritted bubler was used for air sampling, and Griess Saltzman method was used for determining NO2 concentration. Sampling and calculation of the number of passing vehicles were performed 3 times ie in the morning, afternoon and evening. Based on the results of the study, the highest concentrations of NO2 were on the range of 0.7-4.2 mg/Nm3.

The impact of new national guidance for the public health management of enteric fever in England

Public Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
K. Russell ◽  
S. Addiman ◽  
D. Grynszpan ◽  
J. Freedman ◽  
J. Lopez Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Health Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Management

scholarly journals Institutional reforms and human capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
E.V. Balatsky ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on the interaction between institutional reforms and human capital. The Stevenson depopulation phenomenon is the starting point of the analysis. The stylized examples allow to highlight the impact of reforms on human capital, including vitality, health and life expectancy. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach, it is shown that many psychologists, sociologists, political scientists, doctors and linguists share the opinion about the impact of institutional changes on the viability of the population. The proposed simple model of economic growth demonstrates the principle of the need to dose reforms, i.e. to limit their scale, depth and speed of implementation. This strategy in contrast to shock therapy is called adaptive reform. The article examines the interaction between institutional reforms and human capital. As a starting point of the analysis, the phenomenon of Stevenson’s depopulation is used, which consists in the mass extinction of the natives of Polynesia under the influence of the forceful imposition of new standards of life by the colonists. These stylized examples allow us to focus on the impact of reforms on human capital in terms of the vitality, health and life expectancy of an individual. The analogy between the phenomenon of Stevenson’s depopulation and the decrease in the population during the institutional reforms in Russia in the 90s is considered. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach, it is shown that many psychologists, sociologists, political scientists, doctors and linguists share the opinion about the impact of institutional changes on the viability of the population. The main thesis of these studies: a person’s health is not only inside him (his body and consciousness), but also outside (in the social environment and psychological environment). A simple model of economic growth is proposed, from which the paradox of reforms follows, when productive institutional changes generate an economic downturn. The analysis of the conditions for the emergence of this paradox shows that the scale, depth and speed of reforms should be strictly dosed, otherwise their negative impact on people can outweigh the positive organizational effect inherent in them. It is shown that in addition to institutional changes, technological progress also has a destructive impact on human capital, which is also incorporated into the proposed model of economic growth.

scholarly journals Impact of Socio-Economic Variables on Life Expectancy: An Empirical Study for 138 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Mahmoud MOURAD
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study has examined the impact of mortality rate of children under five years of age (MORRATE), physicians (PMP), health expenditure per person (HEPP), access to electricity (AELEC) and GDP per capita on life expectancy at birth (LEB) for one hundred and thirty-eight countries taken as cross-sectional data. The MORRATE ranged from 2.4 to 160.2 (per 1,000 people), thus reflecting an inequality in LEB which fluctuates between 44.8 and 82.8. The PMP varies from 0.01 to 7.74, the HEPP between 16.92 and 8264 USD, the AELEC between 4.1% to 100% and finally the GDP per capita oscillates between 326.6 and 102,863 USD. The multiple linear regression model is estimated using the OLS method and several tests for heteroscedasticity are performed. The null hypothesis of homoscedasticity is rejected and therefore the Weighted Generalized Least Squares) WGLS) method is used to produce unbiased, efficient and consistent estimators. The results showed a negative impact of MORRATE on LEB. A single increase in the number of deceased children leads to a decrease of about 2.12 months in LEB. The HEPP has a positive impact on LEB, so if HEPP rises to 100 USD then the LEB rises by 33 days approximately. When introducing four binary variables characterizing the five continents, and taking Oceania as a reference, the life expectancy in an African country will be about 2.4 years less than the LEB reference. For the other continents, it seems that the values of LEB are very close.

scholarly journals REMITTANCE VOLATILITY AND HEALTH SECTOR PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Busuyi Oguntomi ◽  
Sunday Osahon Igbinedion
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

For the past three decades the world has witnessed an unprecedented rise in remittance. This upsurge has necessitated researches in its potential impacts on the various facets of development. In spite of the surging interest on the impact of remittance, there has been paucity of researches on the impact of remittance volatility on health outcomes. This study therefore seeks to investigate the nexus between remittance volatility and life expectancy at birth within the Nigeria context, utilizing the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Error Correction Model (ECM) for the period 1981 to 2018. Findings suggest that while remittance volatility has statistically significant negative impact on life expectancy in the long-run, it was however positive but insignificant in the short-run. Other factors such as income, education status and public health expenditure were also found to be major determinants of life expectancy in Nigeria. Given that remittances are largely susceptible to external shocks, and are beyond the control of policy makers in the recipient countries, relevant measures should be put in place in the home front to significantly cushion the negative impact of such fluctuations on life expectancy in the long-run.

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