scholarly journals Waste Management Systems’ Impact on Health and Environment in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abarca Guerrero ◽  
V. Rudin Valverde ◽  
Ger Maas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Impact

There is a large body of literature produced in developed countries on the potential adverse health effects of different waste management options but hardly studied in developing countries. On the contrary, the relations between economic issues and the impact of waste management systems on the environment have been studied by different scholars from developing countries. This paper aims to explain associations between some parameters that describe waste management systems at a city level and country parameters in relation to public health and environmental pollution in developing countries. This work reviews waste management systems from more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents It describes partly their waste management as answers to 122 questions that include information of public sources and general country characteristics. A combination of methods was used in order to assess the impact of waste management system on health and the environment. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic methods in order to draw conclusions. The outcomes were unable to provide convincing evidence of an association of waste management and the impact on health. On the contrary, the results show that some of the waste management practices have a negative influence in the environment. The study didn’t consider epidemiological evidences concerning public health, economy and pollution of the studied cities due to nonexistence or unreliable reliable information. Instead, data on country performance indicators for public health (perinatal mortality, adult mortality, life expectancy at birth and healthy life expectancy, an economic indicator (Gross Domestic Product/capita) and environmental indicators (ecological footprint / capita and  CO2-emission/capita were used. In addition, some other country characterization parameters were chosen (persons/km2, % urban population).

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Mortality on U.S. Life Expectancy by Socioeconomic Rank of County of Residence

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 236-236
Author(s):  
Denys Dukhovnov ◽  
Magali Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
National Data ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Us ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Mortality disparities due to COVID-19 pandemic in the US accentuated the gap in the targeted public health and education response among disadvantaged communities. We use county data from John Hopkins University of Medicine in conjunction with county socioeconomic decile rankings, and weekly national data from the Centers for Disease Control to uncover the impact of county-level socioeconomic deprivation on the spatio-temporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality. We estimate that over the course of 2020, the pandemic reduced the life expectancy at birth by 1.33 years (95% CI 1.0-1.56), and by 0.84 years (95% CI 0.59-1.0) by age 85 across all county SES decile groups, relative to the previous year's projection. The highest losses occurred in counties at the ends of the deprivation spectrum, and least affecting those in its middle. Decomposition of the impact of the COVID-19 mortality by seasonal time periods of 2020 reveals that coastal urban and high-SES counties endured a heavy death toll in the initial stages of the pandemic, though managed to cut it by more than a half by the end of 2020. The least affluent, inland, and rural counties have experienced a dramatic and lasting increase in deaths toward the second half of the year. We find that preexisting socioeconomic disparities before COVID-19 remained in force during the pandemic, leaving populations at all ages residing in underserved communities at a greater risk. This both calls into question and further instructs the ongoing public health interventions enabling more effective and equitable infectious disease mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Public health management: life expectancy and air pollution

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgeta-Madalina Meghisan ◽  
Dorin Toma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Management

Abstract Part of the National Strategy of Sustainable Development from Romania, life expectancy and air pollution indicators have an important role in establishing long term public health management strategies. International scientific literature within the field underlines the strong connection between air pollution and life expectancy. This research study focuses on the impact of greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter air pollutants, ozone air pollutants on the length of life at 65 years old and life expectancy at birth of the population from Romania. The methods used for research are correlation and linear regression. Our results will be a starting point for further development of public health policies in developing countries, which mostly focus on socio-economic aspects, neglecting the negative impact of air pollution.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Impact of Human Capital Investment on GDP: A Panel Cointegrated Regression Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Gökçe Akpolat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to determine the long-run impact of physical and human capital on GDP by using the panel data set of 13 developed and 11 developing countries over the period 1970–2010. Gross fixed capital formation is used as physical capital indicator while education expenditures and life expectancy at birth are used as human capital indicators. Panel DOLS and FMOLS panel cointegrated regression models are exploited to detect the magnitude and sign of the cointegration relationship and compare the effect of these physical and human capital variables according to these two different country groups. As a consequence of panels DOLS and FMOLS models, the impact of physical capital and education expenditures on GDP in the developed countries is determined as higher than the impact in the developing countries. On the other hand, the impact of life expectancy at birth on GDP is determined as higher in the developing countries.

scholarly journals Interregional differences of life expectancy in rural Russia - Assessment of socio-economic, demographic, behavioural and ecological factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Blinova ◽  
Svetlana Bylina ◽  
Viсtor Rusanovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Impact

The article is aimed at studying the effects of social, economic, demographic, behavioural and environmental factors on the life expectancy of rural people in different types of regions. Using cluster analysis, we identified four relatively homogeneous groups of Russian regions in terms of life expectancy. The impact of socio-economic, demographic and environmental indicators on life expectancy of the rural population was assessed using regression models. We identified regions with low life expectancy for the rural population, and factors that have negative effect on life expectancy at birth. The main ones were alcohol abuse, high unemployment and emissions of pollutants into the air. The regression analysis showed that investments aimed at the development of health care, provision of social services and improvement of residential premises contributed to an increase in life expectancy. Significant factors in regions with high life expectancy were a lower number of recorded crimes per 100,000 of the population and a decrease in high unemployment, as well as an increase in educational expenses. In the group of regions where life expectancy of the rural population was approaching the average level in Russia, an important factor was also an increase in the level of education. We conclude that a regionally differentiated approach is necessary when introducing social policy changes, and measures aimed at increasing the life expectancy of the rural population should take into account the distinctive differences in socioeconomic development of the various regions of Russia.

DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI TPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilda Emilda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The People ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Impact

The limitations of waste management in the Cipayung Landfill (TPA) causing a buildup of garbage up to more than 30 meters. This condition has a health impact on people in Cipayung Village. This study aims to analyze the impact of waste management at Cipayung Landfill on public health in Cipayung Village, Depok City. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, it was found that the most common diseases were diarrhea, then other types of stomach ailments, subsequent itching on the skin and coughing. This is presumably because the environmental conditions in the form of unhealthy air and water and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) have not become the habit of the people. The results indicated that there were no respondents who had implemented all of these criteria. In general respondents have implemented  3 criteria, namely maintaining hair hygiene, maintaining skin cleanliness, and maintaining hand hygiene. While maintaining clean water storage is the most often overlooked behavior. To minimize this health impact, improvements in waste management in Cipayung landfill are needed along with continuous socialization and education to develop PHBS habits and the importance of maintaining a clean environment.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

scholarly journals The decomposition of life expectancy for age and cause of death in Tuscany, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nante ◽  
L Kundisova ◽  
F Gori ◽  
A Martini ◽  
F Battisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Changing of life expectancy at birth (LE) over time reflects variations of mortality rates of a certain population. Italy is amongst the countries with the highest LE, Tuscany ranks fifth at the national level. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of various causes of death in different age groups on the change in LE in the Tuscany region (Italy) during period 1987-2015. Material and methods Mortality data relative to residents that died during the period between 1987/1989 and 2013/2015 were provided by the Tuscan Regional Mortality Registry. The causes of death taken into consideration were cardiovascular (CVS), respiratory (RESP) and infective (INF) diseases and cancer (TUM). The decomposition of LE gain was realized with software Epidat, using the Pollard’s method. Results The overall LE gain during the period between two three-years periods was 6.7 years for males, with a major gain between 65-89, and 4.5 years for females, mainly improved between 75-89, <1 year for both sexes. The major gain (2.6 years) was attributable to the reduction of mortality for CVS, followed by TUM (1.76 in males and 0.83 in females) and RESP (0.4 in males; 0.1 in females). The major loss of years of LE was attributable to INF (-0.15 in females; -0.07 in males) and lung cancer in females (-0.13), for which the opposite result was observed for males (gain of 0.62 years of LE). Conclusions During the study period (1987-2015) the gain in LE was major for males. To the reduction of mortality for CVS have contributed to the tempestuous treatment of acute CVS events and secondary CVS prevention. For TUM the result is attributable to the adherence of population to oncologic screening programmes. The excess of mortality for INF that lead to the loss of LE can be attributed to the passage from ICD-9 to ICD-10 in 2003 (higher sensibility of ICD-10) and to the diffusion of multi-drug resistant bacteria, which lead to elevated mortality in these years. Key messages The gain in LE during the period the 1987-2015 was higher in males. The major contribution to gain in LE was due to a reduction of mortality for CVS diseases.

scholarly journals Reductions in US life expectancy from COVID-19 by Race and Ethnicity: Is 2021 a repetition of 2020?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Andrasfay ◽  
Noreen Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
White Population ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Black And Latino

COVID-19 had a huge mortality impact in the US in 2020 and accounted for the majority of the 1.5-year reduction in 2020 life expectancy at birth. There were also substantial racial/ethnic disparities in the mortality impact of COVID-19 in 2020, with the Black and Latino populations experiencing reductions in life expectancy at birth over twice the reduction experienced by the White population. Despite continued vulnerability of the Black and Latino populations, the hope was that widespread distribution of effective vaccines would mitigate the overall impact and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in 2021. In this study, we use cause-deleted life table methods to estimate the impact of COVID-19 mortality on 2021 US period life expectancy. Our partial-year estimates, based on provisional COVID-19 deaths for January-early October 2021 suggest that racial/ethnic disparities have persisted and that life expectancy at birth in 2021 has already declined by 1.2 years from pre-pandemic levels. Our projected full-year estimates, based on projections of COVID-19 deaths through the end of 2021 from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, suggest a 1.8-year reduction in US life expectancy at birth from pre-pandemic levels, a steeper decline than the estimates produced for 2020. The reductions in life expectancy at birth estimated for the Black and Latino populations are 1.6-2.4 times the impact for the White population.

Managing the Recycling Business in Istanbul

2017 ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Nuray Cakirli ◽  
Aytug Sozuer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Waste Management Policy ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Waste Pickers

The global waste market is estimated at US$410 billion a year and growing, while only 25 per cent of total waste is known as recovered and recycled. Besides, this figure does not include the informal segment in which around 20 million people work as waste pickers in developing countries. Solid waste management policy and recycling practices differ among certain parts of the world to a large extent. Industrialized countries generally have formal and automated waste management systems, whereas developing countries rely on the informal sector. In Istanbul, which is one of the few megacities in the world appear to be at the crossroad of a policy choice. Authorities will either privatize the recycling business for large firms or try to follow more inclusive approach for more than 100,000 waste pickers in the city. Based on the literature, this study will review the formal waste management systems and describe the integration of informal recycling sector in particular world regions that may have policy implications for Istanbul.

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