Population pressure in African countries will not be alleviated by family planning programmes alone

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Sarah Harper
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
African Countries

Characteristics and attitudes of family planners in Khartoum, Sudan

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Age Group ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

SummaryIn a survey of 1475 urban Moslem wives in the age group 15–49 living in the capital city of the Sudan, knowledge of birth control was reported by almost all respondents while a significant proportion had used contraception at least once. The mean age of the users was 32·8 years, their duration of marriage was 15·1 years and their mean number of surviving children was 4·6. Those who had never used contraception had a higher mean age, a longer duration of marriage and more surviving children. Most of the users had an urban residential background and belonged to the high socioeconomic class. They held favourable attitudes to family planning. Although they thought that having a large family (more than five children) was not desirable, their mean preferred family size was no different from that of the never users.The results indicate that contraception is used for the purpose of spacing births rather than limiting their ultimate number. At this early stage of contraceptive adoption in Sudan, the characteristics of the pioneer acceptors are similar to those observed in other African countries.

Indian Subcontinent

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-771
Author(s):  
Carl E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Planning Program ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
National Family ◽  
National Family Planning

The countries of the Indian subcontinent provide some of the world's most evident case studies of the deleterious effects of population pressure. They also have undertaken some of the world's most massive family planning programs. India was the first country to declare a national population policy and to mount a nationwide family planning program. Pakistan and present day Bangladesh had a prolonged period during which the national family planning program had a separate organization with extremely high priority and official support. Continuing famines and two major wars in 25 years have contributed to high mortality. Nonetheless, population growth in these countries continues its inexorable upward curve. On the other hand, these programs must also be credited with some real successes and the birth rates in several Indian states are falling.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on maternal healthcare in Africa and the way forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Carolyne Njue
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Maternal Healthcare ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of COVID-19 is weighing heavily on many African countries. As of November 14th 2021, 6,109,722 cases had been recorded with 151,173 deaths and 2.5% case fatality rate. Studies reveal substantial morbidity and socioeconomic impacts when accessing quality maternal healthcare including fear of infection and the containment measures in place, including social distancing and community containment. The pandemic has put additional strain on healthcare systems that are overburdened and under-resourced even in normal times and has exposed the vulnerabilities of high-risk population groups in addressing critical healthcare concerns. This study presents a mini review of how COVID-19 has disrupted maternal healthcare in Africa, and it further proposes ways to improve the situation. Main body COVID-19 has disrupted antenatal, skilled birth, and postnatal family planning services. Women and girls are vulnerable to the impact of COVID-19 on several fronts and represent a group whose needs including antenatal, skilled birth, and postnatal family planning services have been disrupted, leading to unmet needs for contraception and an increase in unintended pregnancies. Restricted travel due to the fear and anxiety associated with contracting COVID-19 has resulted in delays in accessing prompt skilled care and essential healthcare services such as pregnancy care, immunisation, and nutritional supplementation. Misconceptions relating to COVID-19 have prompted concerns and created distrust in the safety of the healthcare system. Innovative measures are required to address these obstacles and ensure women are not denied access to available, accessible, acceptable, and quality maternal healthcare services in spite of COVID-19. Conclusions In the immediate term while physical distancing measures remain in force, deliberate effort must be made to provide evidence-based guidelines, good practice and expert advice that addresses the unique sexual and reproductive health context of African countries. Efforts to train and motivate healthcare providers to adopt online, remote approaches such as use of telemedicine, and expand the involvement of frontline maternal healthcare providers to deliver information on the availability of services through phone-based referral networks, culturally appropriate social media, community radio and folklore messaging strategies are critical to mobilise and secure community confidence in the safety of sexual and reproductive health and maternal care services.

scholarly journals Magnitudes of Anemia and Its Determinant Factors Among Lactating Mothers in East African Countries: Using the Generalized Mixed-Effect Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Shalmeno Tusa ◽  
Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet ◽  
Nebiyu Bahiru ◽  
Daniel Berhanie Enyew
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Mixed Effect Model ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Lactating Mothers

Background: The number of studies on the magnitude of anemia and its determinant factors among lactating mothers is limited in East African countries regardless of its multivariate consequences. Even though few studies were conducted on the magnitude of anemia and its determinants, most of them focused on the country level and different parts of countries. Therefore, the current study is aimed to determine the magnitude of anemia and determinant factors among lactating mothers in East African countries.Methods: From nine East African countries, a total weighted sample of 25,425 lactating mothers was included in the study. Determinate factors of anemia were identified using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Variables with a p < 0.05 in the final GLMM model were stated to confirm significant association with anemia.Result: The magnitude of anemia in East African countries was found to be 36.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 35.55%, 36.75%]. Besides, as for the generalized linear mixed-effect model, age, educational status, working status, country of residence, wealth index, antenatal care service, place of delivery, history of using family planning in a health facility, current pregnancy, and visited by fieldworker in the last 12 months were factors that have a significant association with anemia in lactating mothers.Conclusion: In East Africa, more than one-third of lactating mothers have anemia. The odds of anemia were significantly low among young mothers (15–34), who had primary education, were working, country of residence, and higher wealth index (middle and high). In addition, the likelihood of anemia was also low among lactating mothers who had antenatal care, used family planning, delivered at a health facility, were pregnant during the survey, and visited by fieldworkers. Therefore, promoting maternal care services (family planning, Antenatal Care (ANC), and delivery at health facilities) and a field visit by health extension workers are strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Assessment of Family Planning Service Availability and Readiness in 10 African Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moazzam Ali ◽  
Madeline Farron ◽  
Thandassery Ramachandran Dilip ◽  
Rachel Folz
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Planning Service ◽  
Service Availability ◽  
Planning Service ◽  
African Countries

scholarly journals Stall in fertility decline in Eastern African countries: regional analysis of patterns, determinants and implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1532) ◽  
pp. 2991-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ezeh ◽  
Blessing U. Mberu ◽  
Jacques O. Emina
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
African Countries

We use data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to examine the patterns of stall in fertility decline in four Eastern African countries. Contrary to patterns of fertility transition in Africa that cut across various socio-economic and geographical groups within countries, we find strong selectivity of fertility stall across different groups and regions in all four countries. In both Kenya and Tanzania where fertility decline has stalled at the national level, it continued to decline among the most educated women and in some regions. While fertility has remained at pre-transition level in Uganda over the past 20 years, there are signs of decline with specific groups of women (especially the most educated, urban and those in the Eastern region) taking the lead. For Zimbabwe, although fertility has continued to decline at the national level, stall is observed among women with less than secondary education and those in some of the regions. We link these intra-country variations to differential changes in socio-economic variables, family planning programme environment and reproductive behaviour models. The results suggest that declines in contraceptive use, increases in unmet need for family planning, increasing preferences for larger families, and increases in adolescent fertility were consistently associated with stalls in subgroup fertility across all four countries. These results are consistent with models that emphasize the role of declines in national and international commitments to family planning programmes in the premature stall in sub-Saharan fertility transition.

Determinants of current contraceptive use among Ghanaian women at the highest risk of pregnancy

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw Oheneba-Sakyi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ghanaian Women ◽  
Northern Sector

SummaryThis study uses data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) of 1988 to examine factors determining the continued low levels of contraceptive use in Ghana. The women currently using efficient contraception are those who have sexual intercourse regularly, who discuss family planning with their partner, whose husbands approve of the use of family planning, and who live in the northern sector of the country. The finding that husband's approval is an important determinant of efficient contraceptive use has significant policy implications for Ghana and other African countries, to motivate both husbands and wives to share fertility control responsibilities.

COITUS, THE PROXIMATE DETERMINANT OF CONCEPTION: INTER-COUNTRY VARIANCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK SIMON BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Coital Frequency ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Proximate Determinant

There is a general consensus in the literature that fertility differences between populations can be accounted for by differences in just four key proximate determinants: nuptiality, the postpartum non-susceptible period, contraception and abortion. Natural fecundibility is generally assumed to be constant between populations. This paper puts the theoretical and empirical case for a re-evaluation of that assumption, drawing on the under-utilized data on sexual activity collected in the Demographic Health Surveys (DHSs). Using data for married women in nine African countries, the analysis finds substantial population level differences in mean monthly coital frequency, which, if accurate, suggest an important demographic effect. There is a clear regional patterning to these differences, with levels of activity considerably lower among women in the West African populations included in the study than those from East and southern Africa. For West Africa in particular the data indicate the normality of exceptionally long periods of very infrequent or no intercourse by married women outside the period of postpartum abstinence. The findings challenge prevailing presumptions concerning susceptibility to pregnancy in marriage on which statistics for unmet need for family planning are derived. While doubts are raised over the precision of the sexual activity data used, the paper argues for the need for a greater effort to operationalize the ‘proximate determinant of conception’, not only for more accurate fertility modelling, but also as a planning tool for a more sensitive provision of family planning services in Africa.

scholarly journals History and Prospects for African Land Governance: Institutions, Technology and ‘Land Rights for All’

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Robert Home
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Spatial Technology

Issues relating to land are specifically referred to in five of the United Nations’ (UN) 17 Sustainable Development Goals, and UN-Habitat’s Global Land Tools Network views access to land and tenure security as key to achieving sustainable, inclusive and efficient cities. The African continent is growing in importance, with climate change and population pressure on land. This review explores an interdisciplinary approach, and identifies recent advances in geo-spatial technology relevant to land governance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It discusses historical legacies of colonialism that affect the culture of its land administration institutions, through three levels of governance: international/regional, national and sub-national. Short narratives on land law are discussed for four Anglophone former British colonies of SSA. A wide range of sources are drawn upon: academic research across disciplines, and official publications of various actors, including land professions (particularly surveyors, lawyers and planners), government and wider society. The findings are that African countries have carried forward colonial land governance structures into the post-independence political settlement, and that a gulf exists between the institutions, language and cultures of land governance, and the mass of its peoples struggling with basic issues of survival. This gulf may be addressed by recent approaches to land administration and technological advances in geo-spatial technology, and by new knowledge networks and interactions.

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