scholarly journals Growth response of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) populations to climatic transfer A Novel Approach for Controlled Pollination in Casuarina equisetifolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Foff ◽  
F. Weiser ◽  
E. Foffová ◽  
Dušan Gömöry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Joint Regression Analysis

Abstract The study focuses on growth responses of Larix decidua provenances to climatic transfer based on a regional provenance experiment. This comprises a series of 5 trial plots situated in Germany and Slovakia, where 12 indigenous Sudetic and West-Carpathian larch provenances are planted. Transfer rates were defined as differences in altitudes or climatic variables between the site of plantation and the site of origin. 1st and 2nd-order polynomial regressions were used for the identification of overall trends of growth performance and responses to transfer. Sudetic provenances clearly outperformed the Carpathian ones on all test sites. When all provenances were considered jointly, height and breast-height diameter mostly showed significant monotonous geographical and climatic trends: the performance generally decreased with increasing altitude and precipitations and decreasing temperatures. The relationships between growth response and transfer rates (ecodistances) were mostly linear. However, when Sudetic and Carpathian provenances were considered separately, most significant response curves were unimodal. There is a very good correspondence between the responses in height and diameter growth within geographic groups, but the responses are not consistent between groups. Joint regression analysis showed that most provenances exhibited average stability. Stability indices are quite consistent between the response traits and did not show any association with the geographical position, climate of origin, or growth performance. The results indicate that populations in different climates remain adapted to a common optimum, the extent of local adaptation is quite limited. Possible explanations of this observation are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Extreme growth reaction of larch (Larix decidua Mill.) from the Polish Sudetes and Carpathians: spatial distribution and climate impact

Trees ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Danek ◽  
Monika Chuchro ◽  
Tomasz Danek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Pointer Years ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Extreme Responses ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Key message Extreme growth reaction analysis shows that larches in the Sudetes are more vulnerable to climate changes, but negative extreme responses will also be observed in the Carpathians in the near future. Abstract Pointer year analysis provides information on extreme tree-ring growth reactions, which can significantly improve the interpretation of tree growth response to climate. Similarities and differences in extreme growth responses of larch (Larix decidua Mill.) from the Carpathians and the Sudetes (Polish parts) were studied. To this purpose, a pointer year analysis was performed. Regions with similar extreme growth response patterns to climatic conditions were distinguished. The spatial variability of extreme growth anomalies and the distribution of the determined widespread pointer years and their possible climatic forcing were analyzed. A coincidence of the positive pointer years observed in the Sudetes and lower Carpathians with wet and cold summers (especially during the previous year) was observed. Most of the subregional negative pointer years in the Sudetes are related to droughts whereas in the Carpathians this relation was not observed. Comparison of the extreme growth reaction of larch in both mountain regions suggest that larches in the Sudetes are more vulnerable to climate changes as the negative pointer years observed in the Sudetes are usually associated with droughts that are likely to intensify in the future. Similarities in the drivers of extreme responses of larch in both regions and predicted changes in climatic conditions suggest that negative extreme responses will also be observed in the Carpathians in the near future. The highest parts of the Carpathians (the Tatra Mountains) should be treated separately as both positive and negative pointer years observed there are temperature related. The obtained results suggest that the growth of larch stands in both regions will be negatively affected by predicted climate changes.

Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M H Davies ◽  
D W Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Red Meats

It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.

Innate Immune Response and Growth Performance of Heterobranchus longifilis Catfish Juveniles Following Dietary Aflatoxin B1 Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
B. T. Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Respiratory Burst Activity ◽  
Serum Lysozyme ◽  
Epidermal Mucus ◽  
Heterobranchus Longifilis ◽  
Length Reduction

We evaluated the effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB ) exposure on the immune response and the 1 growth performance of Heterobranchus longifilis catfish; and determined the maximum tolerable limits for AFB in H. longifilis. Five experimental isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets amended 1 with varied concentrations of AFB [Diet A (2.0 μg AFB .kg-1); Diet B (7.3 μg AFB .kg-1); Diet C 1 1 1 (17.6 μg AFB .kg-1); Diet D (48.0 μg AFB .kg-1) and Diet E (93.0 μg AFB .kg-1)] were fed to 450 1 1 1 juvenile H. longifilis in five groups of 15 separate plastic tanks for a period or 56 days. At time points day 7, 14, 28 and day 56, five fish were randomly sampled per tank and assessed for innate immunity and growth response. Fish fed diets amended with AFB exhibited significant reduction 1 (P < 0.05) in the serum lysozyme and epidermal mucus lysozyme activity, epidermal mucus alkaline phosphatase activity and in the phagocyte respiratory burst activity. These parameters decreased with increasing concentrations and duration of dietary AFB (P< 0.05). Dietary AFB 1 1 caused significant reductions in the growth performance of juvenile H. longifilis marked by reductions in the percentage gain in length, reduction in percentage gain in weight and a reduction in the specific growth rate. Based on these results, juvenile H. longifilis catfish appears to tolerate diets containing up to 17.6 μg. Kg-1 AFB in diets.

scholarly journals A novel approach for the extraction of cloud motion vectors using airglow imager measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3893-3901 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Satheesh Kumar ◽  
T. Narayana Rao ◽  
A. Taori
Keyword(s):  
Meridional Wind ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Search Window ◽  
Motion Vectors ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Cloud Motion ◽  
Cloud Height ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wind Velocities ◽  
Cloud Tracking

Abstract. The paper explores the possibility of implementing an advanced photogrammetric technique, generally employed for satellite measurements, on airglow imager, a ground-based remote sensing instrument primarily used for upper atmospheric studies, measurements of clouds for the extraction of cloud motion vectors (CMVs). The major steps involved in the algorithm remain the same, including image processing for better visualization of target elements and noise removal, identification of target cloud, setting a proper search window for target cloud tracking, estimation of cloud height, and employing 2-D cross-correlation to estimate the CMVs. Nevertheless, the implementation strategy at each step differs from that of satellite, mainly to suit airglow imager measurements. For instance, climatology of horizontal winds at the measured site has been used to fix the search window for target cloud tracking. The cloud height is estimated very accurately, as required by the algorithm, using simultaneous collocated lidar measurements. High-resolution, both in space and time (4 min), cloud imageries are employed to minimize the errors in retrieved CMVs. The derived winds are evaluated against MST radar-derived winds by considering it as a reference. A very good correspondence is seen between these two wind measurements, both showing similar wind variation. The agreement is also found to be good in both the zonal and meridional wind velocities with RMSEs < 2.4 m s−1. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the algorithm are discussed, with possible solutions, wherever required.

Dose-Dependent Effects of the Action of Sulfur Nanoparticles on the Growth Response and Seed Production of Typical Steppe Phytocenoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinaida N. Ryabinina ◽  
Marija V. Ryabukhina ◽  
Maya V. Kolodina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Biological Group ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles

The article presents the results of a study of typical steppe phytocenoses presented one ecological and biological group - xeromesophyte but different systematic affiliation and forms of life, to the action of sulfur nanoparticles. Results of the study showed a relationship between the concentrations of sulfur nanoparticles and growth responses, biochemical parameters and seed productivity of investigated species

Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M H Davies ◽  
D W Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Red Meats

It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.

scholarly journals An assessment of the influence of macronutrients on growth performance and nutrient utilisation in broiler chickens by nutritional geometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 2129-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Y. Liu ◽  
Peter H. Selle ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
David J. Cadogan ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

AbstractThe right-angled triangle mixture experiment was designed to include fourteen diets with different concentrations of starch, protein and lipid. Experimental diets were offered to male Ross 308 broiler chickens from 10 to 23 d after hatching, and response curves and surfaces were generated to illustrate the influence of macronutrients on growth performance and nutrient utilisations. Despite the primary function of macronutrients, especially protein, may not be providing energy, macronutrients were expressed as energy derived from starch, protein and fat for statistical purposes in the mixture design. Energy derived from lipid had a greater impact on feed intake than energy derived from starch and protein. When we compared the influence of starch and protein on feed intake, ‘equal distance rule’ was observed, which means the animal consumes feed to the point on its respective nutritional rails where the shortage of starch exactly equals the surplus of consumed protein. Increasing the protein-derived energy intake increased weight gain in broiler chickens, whereas energy intake derived from starch and lipid had little impact on weight gain. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) may be reduced by either increasing protein energy intake or decreasing starch energy intake. As the slope of the contours was less than 1, the influence of starch energy intakes on FCR exceeded that of protein energy intakes. In conclusion, energy derived from protein is more important than non-protein energy in terms of weight gain, and a balance between protein and energy supplies is required for efficient muscle protein deposition.

Growth performance of Alexandrium catenella from the Chilean fjords under different environmental drivers: plasticity as a response to a highly variable environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Paredes-Mella ◽  
Daniel Varela ◽  
Pamela Fernández ◽  
Oscar Espinoza-González
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella

Abstract Alexandrium catenella, the main species associated with harmful algal blooms, has progressively increased its distribution through one of the most extensive and highly variable fjord systems in the world. In order to understand this successful expansion, we evaluated the effects of different salinities, light intensity, temperatures, nitrogen (N) forms and nitrogen/phosphate (N:P) ratio levels on the growth performance, using clones isolated from different locations across its wide geographic distribution. Results showed that the growth responses were plastic and, in some cases, different reaction norms among clones were observed. Despite plasticity, the optimal growth of A. catenella (i.e. highest growth rate and highest maximal cells density) was reached within a narrow thermal range (12–15°C), while salinity (20–30 PSU) and light intensity (20–120 μmol m−2 s−1) ranges were wider. These results are partially consistent with the highest cell densities recorded in the field. Furthermore, optimal growth was reached using reduced forms of nitrogen (i.e. urea and NH4+) and in unbalanced N:P ratios (18:1 and 30:1). These characteristics likely allow A. catenella to grow in highly variable environmental conditions and might partly explain the recent expansion of this species.

scholarly journals Are Commonly Measured Functional Traits Involved in Tropical Tree Responses to Climate?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Wagner ◽  
Vivien Rossi ◽  
Christopher Baraloto ◽  
Damien Bonal ◽  
Clément Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Growth Responses

Climate models predict significant rainfall reduction in Amazonia, reducing water availability for trees. We present how functional traits modulate the tree growth response to climate. We used data from 3 years of bimestrial growth measurements for 204 trees of 53 species in the forest of Paracou, French Guiana. We integrated climate variables from an eddy covariance tower and functional trait values describing life history, leaf, and stem economics. Our results indicated that the measured functional traits are to some extent linked to the response of trees to climate but they are poor predictors of the tree climate-induced growth variation. Tree growth was affected by water availability for most of the species with different species growth strategies in drought conditions. These strategies were linked to some functional traits, especially maximum height and wood density. These results suggest that (i) trees seem adapted to the dry season at Paracou but they show different growth responses to drought, (ii) drought response is linked to growth strategy and is partly explained by functional traits, and (iii) the limited part of the variation of tree growth explained by functional traits may be a strong limiting factor for the prediction of tree growth response to climate.

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