Flow distortion effect on electromagnetic flowmeter and mitigation using magnetic flux manipulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashish Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Flow Distortion ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Dimensional Variation ◽  
Function Calculation ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract The effect of velocity profile distortion on the performance of flow sensors like the electromagnetic flowmeter has been a popular topic in flow measurement research. In many of the investigations computational modeling has been useful as a tool to understand the impact of flow distortion on flowmeter measurement accuracy. However, a more realistic investigation can be conducted by a model with ability to account for three-dimensional variation in fluidic and electromagnetic characteristics. In this research paper, a multiphysics model of the Electromagnetic flowmeter accounting for three-dimensional flow distortion effects and independent of experimental measurements is developed and validated. The model integrates the flow and magnetic fields to yield the induced electrical signal, and is a departure from the popular weight function calculation approach. The model predicts flow distortion effects realistically and is employed in evaluating an idea to mitigate flow distortion problems: manipulating the magnetic field to minimize distortion effects. It is seen that while flow distortion induces a 3 to 4 % error in a flowmeter designed arbitrarily, proper design of the coils can reduce this error to an insignificant level.

A Fast Gas Turbine Engine Performance Analysis Tool Able to Capture Three Dimensional Effects

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Templalexis ◽  
Pericles Pilidis ◽  
Vassilios Pachidis ◽  
Petros Kotsiopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Flow Distortion ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
The Impact

Given the current level of computational resources that are readily available, three dimensional (3-D) gas turbine engine performance simulation remains extremely time consuming. The current paper presents a synthesis of existing flow simulation methods coupled together in the form of a new software package. The software is able to assess the impact of a 3-D flow profile at the intake inlet on engine performance, demanding relatively low computational resources. More precisely four flow simulation techniques are employed, represented respectively by four individual stand alone software sub-modules. 3-D Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) is used to simulate the intake flow. Subsequently the intake outlet 3-D flow profile is decomposed into a radial and a circumferential component. For the compressor performance simulation, that receives those components as inlet boundary conditions, a two dimensional (2-D) Streamline Curvature (SLC) simulation method coupled with an extended parallel compressor model is used. SLC addresses the impact of the radial flow distortion, whereas the extended parallel compressor model examines the impact of circumferential flow distortion on engine performance. The results of the above analysis are stored into an intake-compressor performance characteristic map, which is then fed into a zero dimensional (0-D) performance simulation tool in order to evaluate the overall impact of the intake inlet distorted flow on engine performance. The paper is divided into two major sections. The first one presents the individual flow simulation techniques, together with the corresponding software modules. A short summary of each method is given first and then the software module is described, followed by brief comments on the validation results that have been already published. The section in concluded by the description of the synthesized software. The second major section deals with the application of the synthesized simulation method on a turbojet engine. A generic turbojet engine has been chosen mounted behind a generic intake, given the lack of relevant experimental results. The engine has a four stage axial flow compressor driven by a single stage axial flow turbine, followed by a converging nozzle. 3-D total pressure profiles were imposed at the intake inlet and several comparative graphs of engine’s performance parameters between “clean” and distorted inlet flow conditions are given. The paper is concluded with a discussion on software’s abilities and weaknesses as well as on its potential future expansion.

Possible Interactions Between Stent and Electromagnetic Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Cristian Barz ◽  
Marek Petters ◽  
Adam Dorsz ◽  
Przemysław Syrek
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Magnetic Coils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Over the past years, an increase in the amount of the electromagnetic sources could be observed. Model presented in this article is limited to the impact of low frequency fields generated by the e.g. electrical power lines or magnetic coils in a bone fractures therapy. Particularly, the effect of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field on stents will be evaluated. The conductivity of human tissues will be investigated. Yielded results will be used to simplify complicated, three-dimensional problem of the current distribution in stent branches, to one-dimensional one. The merits of the paper is proposing, implementing and using for analysis a numerical model of the stent in magnetic field. The impact of frequency and positioning of stent in the magnetic field will be investigated and current distributions found.

scholarly journals Stereoscopic Three-dimensional Optic Flow Distortions Caused by Mismatches Between Image Acquisition and Display Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 60412-1-60412-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D. Hwang ◽  
Eli Peli
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Flow Distortion ◽  
Visually Induced Motion Sickness ◽  
Depth Distortion ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moving Speed

Abstract We analyzed the impact of common stereoscopic three-dimensional (S3D) depth distortion on S3D optic flow in virtual reality environments. The depth distortion is introduced by mismatches between the image acquisition and display parameters. The results show that such S3D distortions induce large S3D optic flow distortions and may even induce partial/full optic flow reversal within a certain depth range, depending on the viewer’s moving speed and the magnitude of S3D distortion. We hypothesize that the S3D optic flow distortion may be a source of intra-sensory conflict that could be a source of visually induced motion sickness.

MAGNETIC FIELD IMPACT UPON TRIBOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERMANENT CONNECTIONS IN RELATION TO FRICTION SHOCK ABSORBERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Victor Tikhomirov ◽  
Aleksandr Gorlenko ◽  
Stanislav Volohov ◽  
Mikhail Izmerov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Press Fit ◽  
Electro Magnetic Field ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The work purpose is the investigation of magnetic field impact upon properties of friction steel surfaces at fit stripping with tightness through manifested effects and their wear visually observed. On the spots of a real contact the magnetic field increases active centers, their amount and saturation with the time of dislocation outlet, and has an influence upon tribo-mating. The external electro-magnetic field promotes the increase of the number of active centers at the expense of dislocations outlet on the contact surface, and the increase of a physical contact area results in friction tie strengthening and growth of a friction factor. By the example of friction pairs of a spentonly unit in the suspension of coach cars there is given a substantiation of actuality and possibility for the creation of technical devices with the controlled factor of friction and the stability of effects achieved is also confirmed experimentally. Investigation methods: the fulfillment of laboratory physical experiments on the laboratory plant developed and patented on bush-rod samples inserted with the fit and tightness. The results of investigations and novelty: the impact of the magnetic field upon the value of a stripping force of a press fit with the guaranteed tightness is defined. Conclusion: there is a possibility to control a friction factor through the magnetic field impact upon a friction contact.

Analyzing the Impact of X-Ray Tomography on the Reliability of Integrated Circuits

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Dogan ◽  
Md Mahbub Alam ◽  
Navid Asadizanjani ◽  
Sina Shahbazmohamadi ◽  
Domenic Forte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Flash Memories ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Information ◽  
The Impact

Abstract X-ray tomography is a promising technique that can provide micron level, internal structure, and three dimensional (3D) information of an integrated circuit (IC) component without the need for serial sectioning or decapsulation. This is especially useful for counterfeit IC detection as demonstrated by recent work. Although the components remain physically intact during tomography, the effect of radiation on the electrical functionality is not yet fully investigated. In this paper we analyze the impact of X-ray tomography on the reliability of ICs with different fabrication technologies. We perform a 3D imaging using an advanced X-ray machine on Intel flash memories, Macronix flash memories, Xilinx Spartan 3 and Spartan 6 FPGAs. Electrical functionalities are then tested in a systematic procedure after each round of tomography to estimate the impact of X-ray on Flash erase time, read margin, and program operation, and the frequencies of ring oscillators in the FPGAs. A major finding is that erase times for flash memories of older technology are significantly degraded when exposed to tomography, eventually resulting in failure. However, the flash and Xilinx FPGAs of newer technologies seem less sensitive to tomography, as only minor degradations are observed. Further, we did not identify permanent failures for any chips in the time needed to perform tomography for counterfeit detection (approximately 2 hours).

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of the impact of an integrated renovation project on the Maowei Sea hydrodynamic environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Wang ◽  
Ling Cai ◽  
Yaojian Wu ◽  
Yurong Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Reclamation Project ◽  
Hydrodynamic Environment ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Water Quality Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

AbstractIntegrated renovation projects are important for marine ecological environment protection. Three-dimensional hydrodynamics and water quality models are developed for the Maowei Sea to assess the hydrodynamic environment base on the MIKE3 software with high resolution meshes. The results showed that the flow velocity changed minimally after the project, decreasing by approximately 0.12 m/s in the east of the Maowei Sea area and increasing by approximately 0.01 m/s in the northeast of the Shajing Port. The decrease in tidal prism (~ 2.66 × 106 m3) was attributed to land reclamation, and accounted for just 0.86% of the pre-project level. The water exchange half-life increased by approximately 1 day, implying a slightly reduced water exchange capacity. Siltation occurred mainly in the reclamation and dredging areas, amounting to back-silting of approximately 2 cm/year. Reclamation project is the main factor causing the decrease of tidal volume and weakening the hydrodynamics in Maowei Sea. Adaptive management is necessary for such a comprehensive regulation project. According to the result, we suggest that reclamation works should strictly prohibit and dredging schemes should optimize in the subsequent regulation works.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite: Effect of Processing Parameters

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Hamid Ait Said ◽  
Hassan Noukrati ◽  
Hicham Ben Youcef ◽  
Ayoub Bayoussef ◽  
Hassane Oudadesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
The Impact

Three-dimensional hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-CS) composites were formulated via solid-liquid technic and freeze-drying. The prepared composites had an apatitic nature, which was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy analyses. The impact of the solid/liquid (S/L) ratio and the content and the molecular weight of the polymer on the composite mechanical strength was investigated. An increase in the S/L ratio from 0.5 to 1 resulted in an increase in the compressive strength for HA-CSL (CS low molecular weight: CSL) from 0.08 ± 0.02 to 1.95 ± 0.39 MPa and from 0.3 ± 0.06 to 2.40 ± 0.51 MPa for the HA-CSM (CS medium molecular weight: CSM). Moreover, the increase in the amount (1 to 5 wt%) and the molecular weight of the polymer increased the mechanical strength of the composite. The highest compressive strength value (up to 2.40 ± 0.51 MPa) was obtained for HA-CSM (5 wt% of CS) formulated at an S/L of 1. The dissolution tests of the HA-CS composites confirmed their cohesion and mechanical stability in an aqueous solution. Both polymer and apatite are assumed to work together, giving the synergism needed to make effective cylindrical composites, and could serve as a promising candidate for bone repair in the orthopedic field.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Analysis of Relations between Pressure Changes along Xylem Vessels and Propagation of Variation Potential in Higher Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Elena Akinchits ◽  
Sergey V. Gudkov ◽  
Roman Y. Pishchalnikov ◽  
Vladimir Vodeneev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Terminal Point ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Variation Potential ◽  
Damaged Zone ◽  
Pressure Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Variation potential (VP) is an important long-distance electrical signal in higher plants that is induced by local damages, influences numerous physiological processes, and participates in plant adaptation to stressors. The transmission of increased hydraulic pressure through xylem vessels is the probable mechanism of VP propagation in plants; however, the rates of the pressure transmission and VP propagation can strongly vary. We analyzed this problem on the basis of a simple mathematical model of the pressure distribution along a xylem vessel, which was approximated by a tube with a pressure gradient. It is assumed that the VP is initiated if the integral over pressure is more than a threshold one, taking into account that the pressure is transiently increased in the initial point of the tube and is kept constant in the terminal point. It was shown that this simple model can well describe the parameters of VP propagation in higher plants, including the increase in time before VP initiation and the decrease in the rate of VP propagation with an increase in the distance from the zone of damage. Considering three types of the pressure dynamics, our model predicts that the velocity of VP propagation can be stimulated by an increase in the length of a plant shoot and also depends on pressure dynamics in the damaged zone. Our results theoretically support the hypothesis about the impact of pressure variations in xylem vessels on VP propagation.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative assessment of magnetic vestibular stimulation in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Dewey ◽  
Rachel Gomez ◽  
Chris Degg ◽  
David M. Baguley ◽  
Paul M. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The sensation of phantom motion or exhibition of bodily sway is often reported in the proximity of an MR scanner. It is proposed that the magnetic field stimulates the vestibular system. There are a number of possible mechanisms responsible, and the relative contributions of susceptibility on the otolithic receptors and the Lorentz force on the cupulae have not yet been explored. This exploratory study aims to investigate the impact of being in the proximity of a 7.0 T MR scanner. The modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB) was used to qualitatively ascertain whether or not healthy control subjects who passed the mCTSIB in normal conditions 1) experienced subjective sensations of dizziness, vertigo or of leaning or shifting in gravity when in the magnetic field and 2) exhibited visibly increased bodily sway whilst in the magnetic field compared to outside the magnetic field. Condition IV of the mCTSIB was video recorded outside and inside the magnetic field, providing a semi-quantitative measure of sway. For condition IV of the mCTSIB (visual and proprioceptive cues compromised), all seven locations/orientations around the scanner yielded significantly more sway than at baseline (p < 0.01 FDR). A Student’s t-test comparing the RMS velocity of a motion marker on the upper arm during mCTSIB condition IV showed a significant increase in the amount of motion exhibited in the field (T = 2.59; d.f. = 9; p = 0.029) compared to outside the field. This initial study using qualitative measures of sway demonstrates that there is evidence for MR-naïve individuals exhibiting greater sway while performing the mCTSIB in the magnetic field compared to outside the field. Directional polarity of sway was not significant. Future studies of vestibular stimulation by magnetic fields would benefit from the development of a sensitive, objective measure of balance function, which can be performed inside a magnetic field.

scholarly journals Impact of inter-reader contouring variability on textural radiomics of colorectal liver metastases

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Rizzetto ◽  
Francesca Calderoni ◽  
Cristina De Mattia ◽  
Arianna Defeudis ◽  
Valentina Giannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Hausdorff Distance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liver Lesion ◽  
Dice Coefficient ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Radiomics is expected to improve the management of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed at evaluating the impact of liver lesion contouring as a source of variability on radiomic features (RFs). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, 70 liver metastases in 17 CRC patients were segmented on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans by two residents and checked by experienced radiologists. RFs from grey level co-occurrence and run length matrices were extracted from three-dimensional (3D) regions of interest (ROIs) and the largest two-dimensional (2D) ROIs. Inter-reader variability was evaluated with Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance, whilst its impact on RFs was assessed using mean relative change (MRC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). For the main lesion of each patient, one reader also segmented a circular ROI on the same image used for the 2D ROI. Results The best inter-reader contouring agreement was observed for 2D ROIs according to both Dice coefficient (median 0.85, interquartile range 0.78–0.89) and Hausdorff distance (0.21 mm, 0.14–0.31 mm). Comparing RF values, MRC ranged 0–752% for 2D and 0–1567% for 3D. For 24/32 RFs (75%), MRC was lower for 2D than for 3D. An ICC > 0.90 was observed for more RFs for 2D (53%) than for 3D (34%). Only 2/32 RFs (6%) showed a variability between 2D and circular ROIs higher than inter-reader variability. Conclusions A 2D contouring approach may help mitigate overall inter-reader variability, albeit stable RFs can be extracted from both 3D and 2D segmentations of CRC liver metastases.

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