scholarly journals Late presentation of pregnant women with chromosomal abnormalities: A barrier to legal and safe abortions in Muslim majority countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Simin Taghavi ◽  
Hossein Alikhah ◽  
Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari ◽  
Sharareh Barband ◽  
Sahar Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Islamic Countries

Introduction: In Islamic countries, the prenatal diagnostic procedures are planned considering legal and religious limitations. We aimed to evaluate the indications of presentation and problems related to religious and legal limitations for presentation of Muslim parents for prenatal screening of chromosomal abnormalities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on consecutive 920 pregnant women presenting for screening of congenital and chromosomal anomalies to Educational Medical Centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, between 2011 and 2015. Previously prepared questionnaire forms were utilized for collection of information from patients and their medical records. Results: In total, 153 cases had an indication for amniocentesis, and this procedure revealed that 141 fetuses (92.2%) did not have any congenital abnormalities, but 12 cases (7.8%) had some sort of abnormality, requiring pregnancy termination. These cases included 8 fetuses (5.2%) with trisomy and four (2.6%) with single gene diseases. Of 12 patients, the justifications for pregnancy termination were issued for 7 women by the provincial Legal Medicine Organization. However, the remaining 5 patients could not obtain legal justifications for termination of their pregnancies, mostly because of late presentation, obligating them to choose illegal methods for pregnancy termination. Conclusion: Regarding the legal and religious limitation of pregnancy termination after 18th week in Islamic countries, it is highly recommended that the first trimester screening programs be performed in Islamic countries in order to obtain early decision-making.

scholarly journals Factors associated with antenatal depression among pregnant women in Vietnam: A multisite cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510292091407
Author(s):  
Mai Thi Hue ◽  
Nguyen Hang Nguyet Van ◽  
Phung Phuong Nha ◽  
Ngo Tuan Vu ◽  
Pham Minh Duc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Status ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study aimed to describe the status of antenatal depression and its associated factors among pregnant women in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four obstetric hospitals in Vietnam from January to September 2019. A total of 1260 pregnant women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A Tobit regression model was used to determine factors associated with antenatal depression. Results showed that pregnant women were at high risk of antenatal depression (24.5%). Women with fetus abnormalities and higher education were at higher risk of antenatal depression. We highlighted the need for implementing formal screening programs to early detect antenatal depression.

A Survey on Leading Indications of Fetomaternal Therapeutic Abortions in Yazd: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Asadollahi ◽  
Mahta Mazaheri ◽  
Razieh Sadat Tabatabaee ◽  
Sahel Khajehnoori ◽  
Mahmood Noorishadkam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Therapeutic Abortion ◽  
Chromosomal Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Congenital abnormalities are diseases that occur during fertilization of the egg or development of the fetus and lead to disability, illness or mortality. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors associated with fetomaternal abnormalities in therapeutic abortions.                                                                                       Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 391 mothers referred to Yazd legal medicine organization for pregnancy termination from March 2017 to March 2020. The data about their fetuses were extracted and recorded. Results:The most common fetal abnormalities observed in this study were central nervous system abnormalities (21.1%), subsequently chromosomal disorders (16.8%), hydropsfetalis, cystic hygroma (15.9%), syndromic disorders (10.1%), single-gene disorders (8.1%), dysmorphology (8.1%), musculoskeletal disorders (7.8%), and cardiovascular disorders (7.2%). Conclusion: The main maternal causes for therapeutic abortion were cardiovascular disease, kidney diseases and cancers, while the most common fetal disorders leading to therapeutic abortion were central nervous system disorders such as anencephaly.

Screening for Fetal Aneuploidies in 1st Trimester

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Apostolos P Athanasiadis ◽  
AI Zavlanos
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Fetal Aneuploidy ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Fetal Aneuploidies

ABSTRACT Effective screening of fetal aneuploidy started in the early 1960s, initially based on the age of the mother. Recent screening protocols based on various maternal serum factors and on new ultrasound techniques during the 1st and 2nd trimester offered to all pregnant women noninvasive prognostic methods for risk assessment of chromosomal abnormalities and performanceinvasive prenatal diagnostic methods only in high-risk cases. In this review, we discuss the ultrasound and biochemical markers of chromosomal abnormalities in the 1st trimester, the evaluation of free fetal deoxyribonucleic acid in the peripheral blood of pregnant women, and different antenatal screening protocols as known today. How to cite this article Athanasiadis AP, Zavlanos AI. Screening for Fetal Aneuploidies in 1st Trimester. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):147-153.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
JDA Delhanty ◽  
JC Harper
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Knowing That

The aim of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is to give couples at risk of passing on a genetic disorder an alternative to standard prenatal diagnosis by enabling them to start a pregnancy that is known to be free of the familial disease. This can be achieved by generating embryos in vitro by standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques and then removing one to two of the cells from the early embryo (embryo biopsy). Single cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can then be used to diagnose single gene defects or chromosomal abnormalities respectively. Those embryos diagnosed as free from disease can then be considered for transfer to the womb and so the pregnancy is started knowing that the fetus is unaffected. This avoids the need to consider pregnancy termination in the quest for a healthy child. Originally it was thought that the major reason for referral would be the risk of passing on a single abnormal gene but an increasing proportion of couples are requesting PGD because of recurrent miscarriage due to parental chromosomal abnormality.

scholarly journals Prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities among 2318 pregnant women with indications in southern China: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Gu ◽  
Sudong Liu ◽  
Huaxian Wang ◽  
Ruiqiang Weng ◽  
Xuemin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphisms

Abstract Background To investigate the frequency of fetal chromosomal abnormalities among women with abnormal ultrasound, abnormal biochemical marker screening or noninvasive prenatal testing results, advanced maternal age, or history of miscarriage in southern China. Methods We retrospectively analyzed prenatal samples from pregnant women between 2015 and 2019. Conventional karyotyping was performed using GTG banding. Copy number variation sequencing was used when indicated to identify chromosomal abnormalities. Results A total of 2,318 prenatal samples (188 chorionic villus samples, 2,003 amniotic fluids, and 127 cord blood) were analyzed. The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was 12.4% (288/2,318) in prenatal samples, and frequency in chorionic villus samples (23.9%) was higher than in amniotic fluids (13.5%) and in cord blood (5.0%; P < 0.001). Numerical anomalies were detected in 195 (8.4%) cases and the most common abnormality were trisomy 21 (103/2,318; 4.4%), trisomy 18 (31/2,318; 1.3%) and monosomy X (18/2,318; 0.8%). Sructural anomalies were found in 29 (1.3%) cases, rare anomalies such as deletions (4 cases), duplications (2 cases), and complex rearrangement (1 case), were detected. Two cases with common chromosomal polymorphisms, inv(9)(p11q12) and inv(9)(p11q13), associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion, were detected. Five fetuses had normal karyotypes and definite pathogenic copy number variations, with microdeletions at 16p13.11, 16p12.1 (2 cases), and 17p12 and a microduplication at 7q11.23; all had normal phenotypes after birth. Conclusion Our study indicated that fetal chromosomal anomalies can be detected in early gestation and provided valuable information for interpretation of chromosomal polymorphisms and copy number variations.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Ibu pada Penderita Abortus dan Tidak Abortus di RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2011-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resya I Noer ◽  
Ermawati Ermawati ◽  
Afdal Afdal
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

AbstrakAbortus adalah berakhirnya kehamilan sebelum janin dapat hidup di luar kandungan dengan batasan kehamilan kurang dari 20 minggu atau berat janin kurang dari 500 gram. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan hubungan usia ibu, usia kehamilan, pekerjaan dan pendidikan terhadap kejadian abortus dan tidak abortus.  Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi adalah rekam medik seluruh ibu hamil yang menjalani rawat inap di bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang sejak Januari 2011 sampai Desember 2012. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 272 orang yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data diambil dengan cara melihat data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat uji chi-square pada nilai p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angka kejadian abortus tahun 2011-2012 adalah 5,83%. Ibu yang mengalami abortus lebih banyak berada di kelompok usia dibawah 20 tahun dan diatas 35 tahun, paritas lebih dari 3, pernah mengalami abortus sebelumnya, usia kehamilan kurang dari 12 minggu, tidak bekerja dan pendidikan terakhir SD, SLTP dan SLTA dibandingkan dengan ibu yang tidak mengalami abortus. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa usia ibu, usia kehamilan, pekerjaan dan pendidikan memengaruhi terjadinya abortus (p=0,035; p=0,000; p=0,002 dan p=0,043), sedangkan paritas dan riwayat abortus sebelumnya tidak memengaruhi terjadinya abortus (p=0,919 dan p=0,205).Kata kunci: usia ibu, paritas, riwayat abortus, usia kehamilan, pekerjaan ibu, pendidikan ibu, abortus AbstractAbortion is a pregnancy termination before the 20th completed week or weighing less than 500 gram. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of the age, parity, history of previous abortion, gestational age, mother's occupation and education on abortion and without abortion. The design was comparative study with the cross sectional approach. The population was taken from the medical records of all pregnant women who is hospitalized at the Obstetric and Gynaecology Department in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital during during the period January 2011 to December 2012. The total samples of 272 people were taken by multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected from medical records and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test at p-value < 0,05. The results are the incidence of abortion at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital during the periode January 2011 to December 2012 is 5.83%. Pregnant women with abortion were mostly at the age 20 years and above 35 years, parity more than 3,  had previous abortions, gestational age less than 12 weeks, does not work and elementary school, junior and senior high as their latest education compared to pregnant women without abortion. Statistical test results showed that  maternal age, gestational age, occupation and education can affect the insidence of abortion (p=0.035; p=0.000; p=0.002 dan p=0.043). Parity and history of previous abortion don’t affect the incidence of abortion (p=0.919 dan p=0.205).Keywords:  maternal age, parity, history of previous abortion, gestational age, occupation, education, abortion

Atypicality or Specific Screen: Which is Better at Detecting Non-Down's Chromosomal Anomalies?

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Trisomy 18 ◽  
Trisomy 13 ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Screening Programs

I evaluated the value of adding a trisomy 18 screen to routine Down's screening and compared it with the benefits of atypicality screening. I studied 5080 unaffected pregnancies, 144 Down's syndrome and 190 non-Down's syndrome chromosome abnormalities (20 trisomy 13; 79 trisomy 18; 20 Turner's syndrome; 29 other sex chromosome abnormalities; 8 triploidy; and 34 miscellaneous). Using a one in 250 cut off, the Down's screen gave a screen positive rate of 4·07%; addition of atypicality without a trisomy 18 screen gave an extra 0·9% screen positives; trisomy 18 screening without atypicality gave an extra 0·51% screen positives; and atypicality screening after trisomy 18 screening gave 0·52% screen positives. Total screen positive rates were: Down's screening only, 4·07%; Down's screening + atypicality, 4·97%; Down's screening + trisomy 18 screen, 4·58%; Down's screening + trisomy 18 screen + atypicality, 5·09%. The detection rate for Down's syndrome using a one in 250 cut off was 58·9% and with addition of trisomy 18 and atypicality screening this increased to 59·3%, indicating that the extra screens add little to detection of Down's syndrome. For the other chromosomal abnormalities, Down's screening alone detected 22·6% of cases overall and addition of trisomy 18 and atypicality screening increased this to 49%. Examination of the marginal benefits of the extra screening tests revealed that the trisomy 18 screen was better at detecting chromosomal abnormalities than the Down's screen and that it would, therefore, be worthwhile adding this to all screening programs. Atypicality proved to be much less effective and it is suggested that this screen should only be applied in the early days of a screening program until sufficient data is available to design specific screens.

scholarly journals The assessment of early and late gestational termination cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Serdar Kaya ◽  
Ferdi Vaizoğlu ◽  
Sezin Yakut Uzuner ◽  
Havva Serap Toru ◽  
Mehmet Şimşek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Aneuploidy Screening ◽  
Structural Anomaly ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group 2

Objective We aimed to investigate the characteristics of early and late gestational termination cases by evaluating the cases underwent gestational termination in our clinic. Methods All pregnant women who had singleton pregnancy and underwent gestational termination due to fetal indications between January 2017 and December 2019 were included in the study. Results A total of 341 cases, of which 263 were with early gestational termination (Group 1) and 73 were with late gestational termination (Group 2) were included in the study. No difference was observed between the demographic characteristics of the groups. The ultrasonographic structural anomaly was observed in 273 (80.1%) of 341 cases and no structural anomaly was observed in 68 (19.9%) cases. Of the cases with structural anomaly, 200 (73%) had isolated system anomaly and 73 (26.7%) had multiple system anomaly. Karyotype analysis was performed in 68% of the cases, and chromosomal anomaly was found in 52.6% of them. Among the cases with normal karyotype analysis results, 22 cases had single gene disorder, of which mostly had thalassemia. While the incidence of structural anomaly was significantly high in the late termination cases (91% vs. 76.8%), the incidence of isolated cardiovascular anomaly was significantly high in the late termination cases similarly (37.5% vs. 13.8%). The autopsy was performed on 16.7% of the cases after termination and the findings were consistent with the prenatal ultrasonographic results in 86% of the cases, and additional findings were found in 22.4% of the cases in the autopsy. Conclusion When the late gestational terminations performed in our clinic are compared to the early gestational terminations, we believe that conducting ultrasonographic anomaly screening to all pregnant women including echocardiography even at a less rate, and also making screening programs in the early gestational periods such as aneuploidy screening easily accessible for all pregnant women may help to maintain maternal health by decreasing the rates of the cases with late gestational

scholarly journals Attitudes of a high-risk group of pregnant Saudi Arabian women to prenatal screening for chromosomal anomalies

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
Z. A. Babay
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Biochemical Screening ◽  
Non Invasive

The attitude of 550 pregnant Saudi Arabian women aged > 35 years to prenatal screening for chromosomal anomalies was investigated. A total of 336 women [61.1%] accepted the general idea of prenatal screening while 160 [29.1%] did not; 54 women [9.8%] were undecided. There was a high acceptance of non-invasive methods such as ultrasound [61.3%] and biochemical screening [53.0%] but a low acceptance of invasive methods [34.2%]. The main reason for refusal of screening was the unacceptability of termination of pregnancy as a treatment option. There were statistically significant differences between those who accepted the idea of screening and those who did not with regard to their awareness of the availability of prenatal screening, their rejection of pregnancy termination, their doubt of the accuracy of the tests and in their belief that chromosomal abnormalities need not be screened for

scholarly journals Study of association of socio-demographic characteristics with the knowledge about sex determination and preconception and prenatal diagnostic technique act among pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3164
Author(s):  
Seema Dwivedi ◽  
Garima Gupta ◽  
Sudha Kumari ◽  
Bandana Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Preconception and prenatal diagnostic technique Act was amended in year 2003 which provides for prohibition of sex selection before and after conception and for regulation of prenatal diagnostic technique.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in antenatal ward of GSVM Medical College Kanpur during the period of January to December 2019. A total of 2500 pregnant women were included and predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to get information regarding socio-demographic details of pregnant women. They were asked regarding the knowledge and attitude towards the PC-PNDT Act. Data were collected and analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS-12. Results: In the present study, out of 2500 women, 2125 (85%) knew about sex determination while 125 (5%) knew about PNDT Act. There was significant association of occupation, education and annual income with knowledge. Majority of women know about PC-PNDT act from health staff and ultrasonography was the main technique they know to detect sex determination. Conclusions: The falling ratio of girl child is a matter of grave concern. Effective implementation of the PNDT Act in addition to spreading awareness about this act among people is the need of the hour. Educating the community will prevent the decline in sex ratio and female feticide through PC-PNDT Act.

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