Effect of Near-Visual Damage on the Properties of Graphite/Epoxy

2009 ◽  
pp. 101-101-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Adsit ◽  
JP Waszczak
Keyword(s):  
Visual Damage

scholarly journals Does ganciclovir exert retinal toxicity after multiple continuous intravitreal injections?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hu ◽  
Ya Ma ◽  
Xiaoyan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Acute Retinal Necrosis ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Single Flash ◽  
Interdigitation Zone ◽  
Anatomical Outcomes ◽  
Flash Response

Abstract Background The objective of this study is to report a case of acute retinal necrosis in which abnormalities in visual function did not correspond to retinal anatomical outcomes. Case presentation A 39-year-old female diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis underwent repeated (nine rounds) intravitreal ganciclovir injection (3 mg/0.1 ml) into the left eye, one injection every 2 weeks. During the therapy, the patient noticed her visual acuity declining gradually. The best corrected visual acuity in the left eye was 20/33. The visual field showed massive visual damage. There was no posterior necrotizing involvement, no macular edema or exudation, and only slight abnormity of the interdigitation zone in the fovea area was visible on OCT. Angio-OCT revealed normal capillary density of three retinal capillary and choriocapillaris layers. The visually evoked potential was normal. The photopic single-flash response showed a declined amplitude of a-wave and b-wave. The amplitudes of photopic 30 Hz flicker were decreased. Multifocal electroretinography revealed macular dysfunction. Conclusion Ganciclovir-associated photoreceptor damage may induce abnormalities in retinal function in response to multiple continuous intravitreal ganciclovir injections at a relatively high dosage (3 mg/0.1 ml).

scholarly journals (220) Pelargonic Acid Weed Control Parameters

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034D-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber ◽  
James W. Shrefler
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Pelargonic Acid ◽  
Nonanoic Acid ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Multiple Species

Producers and researchers are interested in pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid) as a broad-spectrum postemergence or burn-down herbicide. Pelargonic acid is a fatty acid naturally occurring in many plants and animals, and present in many foods we consume. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of pelargonic acid concentration, adjuvants, and application timing on weed control efficacy as a burn-down herbicide. Field research was conducted at Lane, Okla. (southeast Oklahoma), during the 2005 growing season. One month prior to spraying the weed control treatments, the land was cultivated to kill the existing weeds and provide a uniform seed bed for new weed growth. The factorial weed control treatments included three application concentrations of Scythe (57.0% pelargonic acid) applied at 3%, 6.5%, and 10%; three adjuvants (none, orange oil, and non-ionic surfactant); and two application dates. All herbicide treatments were applied with an application volume of 935 L/ha to seedling weeds. The experiment had a high weed density with multiple species of grass and broadleaf weeds. Weed control across species increased as the herbicide concentrations increased from 0% to 10%. At all concentrations applied, pelargonic acid produced greater weed control for a longer time period for the broadleaf weeds than the grass weeds. Visual damage to the weeds was often apparent within a few hours after application. There was a significant increase in weed control when applied to the younger weeds. In this research, pelargonic acid was effective in controlling both broadleaf and grass weeds as a burn-down herbicide, although crabgrass was tougher to control.

Studies on water damage in mungbean. II. Electrical conductivity of seed leachate as an assay of level of damage

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Williams ◽  
RJ Lawn ◽  
BC Imrie ◽  
DE Byth
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Seed Leachate ◽  
Weather Damage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weathering Process ◽  
Bean Sprouts

Weather-damaged seeds of mungbean are unsuitable for the production of bean sprouts and some other food uses. The breeding of resistant cultivars requires an understanding of the weathering process and the use of suitable criteria for measuring the degree of weather damage. The aim of this research was to describe the effect of weathering on the electrical conductivity of leachate from exposed seeds and to evaluate this technique as a means of discriminating among levels of weather damage. Seeds were weathered in the field or immersed in water in the laboratory for varying durations during one or more cycles of wetting and drying. Leachate conductivities generally increased with increasing visual damage and decreasing viability of seeds. When measurements of conductivity were delayed, the results appeared to be confounded by the extent to which solutes were lost during previous exposure/s to weathering. Measurements soon after immersion tended to reduce this effect and to better reflect the level of weather damage in seeds of mungbean. It was concluded that leachate conductivity technique can provide a reliable assay of weather damage in mungbean. When seeds have been exposed to severe weathering, however, the relationship breaks down, and the technique can give misleading results.

scholarly journals Using Visual Ozone Damage Scores and Spectroscopy to Quantify Soybean Responses to Background Ozone

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Nichole Gosselin ◽  
Vasit Sagan ◽  
Matthew Maimaitiyiming ◽  
Jack Fishman ◽  
Kelley Belina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Ozone Stress

Remotely-sensed identification of ozone stress in crops can allow for selection of ozone resistant genotypes, improving yields. This is critical as population, food demand, and background tropospheric ozone are projected to increase over the next several decades. Visual scores of common ozone damage have been used to identify ozone-stress in bio-indicator plants. This paper evaluates the use of a visual scoring metric of ozone damage applied to soybeans. The scoring of the leaves is then combined with hyperspectral data to identify spectral indices specific to ozone damage. Two genotypes of soybean, Dwight and Pana, that have shown different sensitivities to ozone, were grown and visually scored for ozone-specific damage on multiple dates throughout the growing season. Leaf reflectance, foliar biophysical properties, and yield data were collected. Additionally, ozone bio-indicator plants, snap beans, and common milkweed, were investigated with visual scores and hyperspectral leaf data for comparison. The normalized difference spectral index (NDSI) was used to identify the significant bands in the visible (VIS), near infrared (NIR), and shortwave infrared (SWIR) that best correlated with visual damage score when used in the index. Results were then compared to multiple well-established indices. Indices were also evaluated for correlation with seed and pod weight. The ozone damage scoring metric for soybeans evaluated in August had a coefficient of determination of 0.60 with end-of-season pod weight and a Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.6 for photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. NDSI [R558, R563] correlated best with visual scores of ozone damage in soybeans when evaluating data from all observation dates. These wavelengths were similar to those identified as most sensitive to visual damage in August when used in NDSI (560 nm, 563 nm). NDSI [R560, R563] in August had the highest coefficient of determination for individual pod weight (R2 = 0.64) and seed weight (R2 = 0.54) when compared against 21 well-established indices used for identification of pigment or photosynthetic stress in plants. When evaluating use of spectral bands in NDSI, longer wavelengths in SWIR were identified as more sensitive to ozone visual damage. Trends in the bands and biophysical properties of the soybeans combined with evaluation of ozone data indicate likely timing of significant ozone damage as after late-July for this season. This work has implications for better spectral detection of ozone stress in crops and could help with efforts to identify ozone tolerant varieties to increase future yield.

Improving Post-Earthquake Building Safety Evaluation using the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Rapid Visual Damage Assessment Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 415-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Didier ◽  
Salome Baumberger ◽  
Roman Tobler ◽  
Simona Esposito ◽  
Siddhartha Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Building Safety

A Rapid Visual Damage Assessment was initiated in the direct aftermath of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake to assess the safety and damage of residential buildings in the areas affected by the earthquake. Over 30,000 paper assessment forms have been subsequently digitized. The collected data set allows comparison of the observed damage to the residential building stock to the damage expected using existing fragility curves. Under certain conditions and respecting certain limitations, the post-earthquake building safety and damage data can be used to update the existing fragility functions for the Nepalese building stock. Recommendations are made for the improvement of post-earthquake building safety assessments in Nepal in order to: (1) make data collection more consistent, (2) increase the accuracy of the collected data, and (3) make more effective use of the collected data after future earthquakes.

scholarly journals Serpiginous choroiditis presenting after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A new immunological trigger?

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097781
Author(s):  
Joana Providência ◽  
Cristina Fonseca ◽  
Filipe Henriques ◽  
Rui Proença
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serpiginous Choroiditis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Blurry Vision ◽  
Work Up

Introduction: To report the first case of a serpiginous choroiditis presenting after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a previously healthy young woman. Case description: A 41-year-old woman reported blurry vision OS 1 month after a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Left eye fundus examination revealed multiple peripapillary atrophic lesions, adjacent to a larger diffuse, ill-defined, yellow-whitish deep amoeboid-like patch, involving the peripapillary region and extending temporally to the fovea. Multimodal imaging including fluorescein angiography, indocyanine-green angiography, fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography was consistent with serpiginous choroiditis. A complete systemic work-up was performed to exclude potential infectious or inflammatory etiologies. The active choroidal lesions responded to high dose corticosteroids, with functional improvement. Immunomodulatory therapy with methotrexate was initiated for long-term management. Conclusion: Serpiginous choroiditis is a rare but important sight-threatening condition that has been previously associated to viral infections, which seem to have a role in the induction and/or perpetuation of choroidal inflammation. SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to have played a role as a possible trigger for intraocular inflammation in this case. Therefore, COVID-19 patients reporting visual symptoms should be carefully evaluated in order to obtain adequate ophthalmological management to avoid irreversible visual damage.

Retinopathy of Prematurity

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 500-504
Author(s):  
E. Trief ◽  
R. Duckman ◽  
A.R. Morse ◽  
R.K. Silberman
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Scleral Buckling ◽  
Structured Learning ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Oxygen Administration ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Total Blindness ◽  
Impaired Children

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), formerly called retro-lental fibroplasia (RLF), has increased in the 1980s due to a high incidence of premature, low birthweight infants. Apparently, oxygen administration alone does not account for all these ROP babies. Birth-weight, gestational age, and duration of administration of oxygen are primary contributors to ROP development. The stages of severity range from no visual damage to total blindness. Treatments are either pharmacological or surgical. Vitamin E therapy, photocoagulation procedures, cryotherapy, scleral buckling procedures, and vitrectomy are common treatments, but none is totally successful in ameliorating this condition. The educational problems of children with ROP parallel those of other visually impaired children, with deficits found primarily in exploration, mobility, and language. Referral to early intervention programs can provide a comprehensive structured learning situation and support to the entire family.

Environmental Assessment of Botitom Ash and Fly Ash Used in Road Stabilization

1989 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmare Atalay ◽  
Joakim G. Laguros
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Priority Pollutants ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Visual Damage

AbstractFly ash and bottom ash are being used extensively for stabilization of roads. Unpaved county roads in rural areas are often being resurfaced with bottom ash to improve their stability. A preliminary, uncontrolled examination was conducted to assess the environmental problems that may result from the use of fly ash and bottom ash on highways. To do this, soil, plant and run–off water samples were collected from county roads and highways in Oklahoma that were constructed using either of the two ash forms. These samples were analyzed for fourteen elements of which eight are under the USEPA regulation list of priority pollutants for solid waste and drinking water. The results indicated that the allowable limits for six out of the eight elements were exceeded in the run-off water samples. Compared with the control, fly ash, bottom ash, coal and soil-core samples all contained significantly higher levels of all elements; however, except for barium all were below the regulatory levels. The concentrations of As, Sb, Pb, Ni, Se, and TI in the run-off water samples are high enough to be of concern, although they are below the allowable limits for drinking water. These six elements are found at much higher levels in the fly ash and bottom ash than in the input coal. More Ba is released into the run–off water when the roads were under heavy traffic. Although there was no visual damage observed on the collected plant samples, much higher than normal levels of most metals, were obtained in the tissues.

Role of Vasomotion in Control of Retina Edema in Diabetic Retinopathy: Quantification of Fluid Transport Through Retinal Capillaries

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhu ◽  
Robert Flower
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Retinal Tissue ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
Irreversible Nature ◽  
Retinal Capillaries

Diabetic retinopathy refers to diabetes-related complications in the retina, It is a progressive disease and its symptoms in the eyes can vary from non-vision threatening to vision loss, and it can lead to permanent damage to the neuronal retinal tissue. The irreversible nature of the damage suggests that prevention of diabetes by eliminating risk factors and early screening are the cornerstone of relevant treatment to stop or limit visual damage in those patients.

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