China’s Deng Development Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-296
Author(s):  
Grzegorz M. Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Modern Conservatism ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Development Paradigm

This article is a form of reflection on the Chinese development model. In the ongoing discussion on this subject, the view seems to prevail that the source of the country’s economic success is the use of evidence-based policy, understood as “scientific development,” that is, basing economic policy on the most recent findings of development economics. The conclusion of this article is quite the opposite. It turns out that the foundations of the Chinese development paradigm are assumptions that are very similar to the principles around which Edmund Burke's concept of modern conservatism is built. A specific core of this concept is aversion and skepticism toward scientific theories, combined with the postulate of the gradual nature of all economic and social changes. Ultimately, however, it turns out that modern conservatism alone is also not sufficient in explaining the Chinese development success. The second pillar is the relevant set of development goals and their proper sequence.

scholarly journals From Evidence to Design Solution—On How to Handle Evidence in the Design Process of Sustainable, Accessible and Health-Promoting Landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3249
Author(s):  
Marie C. Gramkow ◽  
Ulrik Sidenius ◽  
Gaochao Zhang ◽  
Ulrika K. Stigsdotter
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Programming Step

The work of landscape architects can contribute to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals and the associated ‘Leave no one behind’ agenda by creating accessible and health-promoting green spaces (especially goals 3, 10 and 11). To ensure that the design of green space delivers accessibility and intended health outcomes, an evidence-based design process is recommended. This is a challenge, since many landscape architects are not trained in evidence-based design, and leading scholars have called for methods that can help landscape architects work in an evidence-based manner. This paper examines the implementation of a process model for evidence-based health design in landscape architecture. The model comprises four steps: ‘evidence collection’, ‘programming’, ‘designing’, and ‘evaluation’. The paper aims to demonstrate how the programming step can be implemented in the design of a health-promoting nature trail that is to offer people with mobility disabilities improved mental, physical and social health. We demonstrate how the programming step systematizes evidence into design criteria (evidence-based goals) and design solutions (how the design criteria are to be solved in the design). The results of the study are presented as a design ‘Program’, which we hope can serve as an example for landscape architects of how evidence can be translated into design.

scholarly journals Putnam, Kuhn e a relatividade conceitual

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Robinson Guitarrari
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Conceptual Scheme ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Metaphysical Realism ◽  
Conceptual Schemes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
In Virtue Of

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2016v20n2p285 The understanding of conceptual relativity in Putnam’s and Kuhn’s writings should not be restricted to the claim that the existence is relative to, but not in virtue of, a conceptual scheme. This approach does not capture some significant differences between their positions about the notion of conceptual scheme. We understand that the thesis of conceptual relativity contains a statement about the close relationship between conceptual scheme and content, and another claim about the differences between conceptual schemes. Based on these two formal requirements, we propose a reconstruction of the Putnam’s treatment of it and show how it can be understood from Kuhn’s perspective of scientific development. We defend that, although both fulfill a critical role against metaphysical realism, they are applied to distinct domains: while Putnam’s conceptual relativity is in the record of the conceptual structure of scientific theories and presupposes a choice between cognitively equivalent conceptual schemes, Kuhn considers the field of the dynamics of development of science. Thus, we note relevant scientific cases of conceptual relativity that do not involve semantic incommensurability.

scholarly journals GLOBAL TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN SOCIETY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
S.D. ­ BODRUNOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Development Paradigm

The modern economy and society are in a state of crisis, which is linked to the exhaustion of the existing development paradigm based on the concept of "market fundamentalism". High rates of technological development and the transition to a new technological order exacerbate the contradictions of the existing social and economic organization, causing problems that can lead to a civilization crisis. It is necessary to develop new theoretical concepts that are adequate to the modern period of global transformations. The author shows that such concepts should be based on the theories of the New Industrial Society of the second generation and noonomy. Integration of the elements of these theories into the system of modern knowledge, as well as the implementation of their conclusions into the practice of economic policy will help to overcome existing problems and successfully achieve the goals of Russia's national development.

scholarly journals CONTROVERSIES AND TRANSITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Mercator ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2020) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Neli de Mello ThéryNeli de Mello Théry ◽  
Patrick Caron
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Development Model ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Development Goals

Science does not progress without controversy as well the societies. In this article, this approach is privileged, aiming to analyze whether they can hinder or speed up the agricultural and food, environmental and sanitary transitions necessary to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It begins with an alert to the past development model and the limits of the planet, highlighting some themes and forms of action chosen by international institutions and / or scientist’s networks. Then, we selected some controversies and their arguments, related to environmental issues and the evolution of food systems. In the subsequent item, its actors and five sub controversies sought to highlight the difficulties for the transition to circular systems, considered as a vector of sustainability. It is concluded that controversies can block advances for transitions, being essential the design of methods, criteria and indicators for a better understanding of oppositions, as well as the need to include both themes and new approaches in research agendas.

The UK drugs strategy 2017: contexts and analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
Blaine Stothard
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the content of the strategy and assess its claims to be evidence based. Design/methodology/approach This study is a close-reading of the text with commentary on specific content and reference to wider contexts. Findings The strategy makes use of evidence in its sections on treatment. Much evidence, including that of the UK ACMD, is dismissed or ignored. The issue of funding in times of austerity is not considered in the strategy. The range and complexity of drug use and users are not fully considered. Research limitations/implications The strategy can be seen as an idealised ambition with little basis in reality without funding to support its aims. Social implications There is no consideration of the impact of macro-economic policy on the extent of drug misuse. Originality/value Other commentaries on the strategy are emerging. This paper is a more extensive consideration than has so far appeared.

HARNESSING HEURISTICS FOR ECONOMIC POLICY

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Ramzi Mabsout ◽  
Jana G. Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fast And Frugal Heuristics ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Biases And Heuristics ◽  
Behavioural Sciences

Abstract:The effectiveness of heuristics has received contradicting interpretations in the behavioural sciences. We study the policy implications of two programmes that dispute the effectiveness of heuristics – the biases and heuristics and the fast and frugal heuristics programmes. While the first blames heuristics for most errors in judgement, the second posits heuristics as simple mental algorithms that work well in a range of environments. We argue that the fast and frugal programme is less paternalistic insofar as it models humans as effective decision-makers in a range of environments. However, in the rapidly changing environments of the 21st century, both are needed to inform evidence-based policies.

UN Women’s feminist engagement with governance by indicators in the Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-366
Author(s):  
Sara Rose Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
Development Goals

The rise of evidence-based policy has brought with it an increase in the use of indicators and data-driven global projects. The United Nations System has used the indicator-based Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) projects to govern policy from above. Of particular interest in this article is how indicators are used to govern gender equality initiatives within the Goals. By using ‘governance by indicators’ as a framework for understanding global policy processes, we can better understand how the power of indicators can help or hinder progress towards gender equality depending on the extent to which it renders gendered concerns visible. Studying indicators in this forum also illuminates spaces of contestation, where policy actors can debate indicators and reshape meaning. Based on this framework, this article explores UN Women’s feminist critique of measurement and knowledge production in the MDGs and SDGs. Looking through their feminist lens applied to this form of knowledge production can yield a better understanding of the use of indicators in shaping evidence-based policy from the global level. In recognizing the value of quantification and data-driven evidence in policy, this article speaks to the tension between feminist critique of quantitative knowledge production and the feminist approach’s welcoming of multiple ways of knowing.

WPS and Sustainable Development Goals

2018 ◽  
pp. 703-714
Author(s):  
Radhika Balakrishnan ◽  
Krishanti Dharmaraj
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter suggests that achieving sustainable development requires a change in the current economic system. Moreover, it advances the idea that an economic system based on the fulfillment of human rights and a peace and security agenda must consider what polices are needed to achieve sustainable peace, beyond the absence of war and violence. The chapter observes that in order to examine the issues surrounding women, peace, and security it is critical to unpack the relationship between existing economic policy and violent conflicts, and to consider how women are disproportionately affected at this intersection. If the fulfillment of human rights was at the center of economic policymaking, the chapter argues, the way in which the state gets and distributes resources would be very different.

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