scholarly journals Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5637-5652
Author(s):  
M. Zaimi ◽  
M. N. Azran ◽  
M. S. Kasim ◽  
M. R. M. Kamal ◽  
I. S. Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After

Heat treatment of nickel-based alloy can increase the alloy’s hardness as well as the wear resistance properties. Nevertheless, the effect of heat treatment on the quaternary Ni alloy coating properties produced from electroless deposition bath is less known due to its composition uniqueness. In this study, Cu and Co are added in the Ni-P alloy matrix using hypophosphite-based Electroless Ni deposition method on mild steel substrate in acidic and alkaline bath. The coatings are then heat treated at 623 K for 3600s. The coatings hardness is measured using microVickers hardness tester and the surface morphology of the coatings are studied using both Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement is used to measure the coatings compositions. The wear behavior of the coatings is also investigated before and after heat treatment using ASTM G-99. The coatings from acidic-based bath produces Ni-Cu-Co-P alloy coating while the alkaline-based bath produces Ni-Co-Cu-P alloy based on XRF analysis. Results show that the hardness increases more than 20% for acidic-based bath and 40% for alkaline-based bath coating. The highest increment is the Ni-Co-Cu-P alloy, from 553.3 HV to 991.3 HV after heat treatment. The grain refinement of the coatings can be observed after heat treatment in SEM observation. This is proved by the XRD measurement results where polycrystalline Ni (111) formation is seen after heat treatment overshadowing the Cu (111) and Co (111) peaks. Ni phosphide species are also formed after the heat treatment. The polycrystalline Ni and the Ni phosphide formation, as well as the existence of Co and Cu in the alloy deposits reduces the wear rate significantly after the heat treatment.

scholarly journals Ostrich eggshell as calcium source for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite partially substituted with zinc

Cerâmica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (364) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Ferreira ◽  
L. H. L. Louro ◽  
A. M. Costa ◽  
J. B. de Campos ◽  
M. H. Prado da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spectroscopy Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Ostrich Eggshell

Abstract In the present study, hydroxyapatite and Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite powders were synthesized using ostrich eggshell as a calcium source. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the present phases, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for quantitative chemical analysis of the synthesized and heat treated powders. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique was used before and after heat treatments at 700, 900 and 1100 °C in order to identify the functional groups present, as an additional technique to the XRD analysis. The results presented in this study represent a promising method for synthesis of hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite partially substituted with zinc, since the results showed no undesirable phases or impurities in the produced powders. It was observed that Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite showed higher thermal stability, when compared to pure hydroxyapatite.

Characterization of Ni-P and Ni-P-Al2O3 Heat Treated Layers

2017 ◽  
Vol 1143 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Lucica Balint ◽  
Gina Genoveva Istrate
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Initial State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After

Research has shown the relationship among hardness, usage and corrosion resistance Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings on steel support heat treated. The electroless strips were heat treated at 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C. Further studies on corrosion, hardness and usage revealed changes in properties, compared to the initial state, both on the strips coated with Ni-P and the ones coated with Ni-P-Al2O3 composite. The samples have been studied before and after the heat treatment via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results show that untreated Ni-P layers exhibit strong corrosion resistance, while hardness and usage increase with heat treatment temperature, with a peak at 400 °C. Using suspended particles co-deposition, led to new types of layers, some with excellent hardness and usage properties. Corrosion resistance increase with heat treatment. Coating layers can be adjusted to the desired characteristics, by selecting proper parameters for the expected specific results.

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Wear Behavior of a Haynes 282® Nickel-Based Superalloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier H. Ramírez-Ramírez ◽  
Juan Manuel Alvarado-Orozco ◽  
Francisco A. Pérez-González ◽  
Rafael Colás ◽  
Nelson F. Garza-Montes-de-Oca
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Roll Wear ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Wear Tests

Superalloys are metallic systems commonly used in components for aerospace and energy generation applications. In this paper, results of an investigation developed to analyze the effect of heat treatment on the wear behavior of a Haynes 282® superalloy under sliding, nonlubricated conditions are presented. Room temperature pin-on-roll wear tests were undertaken at a constant load and for a fixed sliding distance of 7.5 km. It was found that the wear rate of the alloys was greater for the heat treated specimens compared to the specimens that were tested in a cast and forged condition. Inspection of the alloys in both metallurgical conditions suggests that the wear phenomenon was characterized mostly by severe plastic deformation of the alloy matrix at both surface and subsurface regions by the well-known mechanism of plowing. The test specimens also experienced the formation of a tribofilm whose characteristics were different for each test condition. The formation of tribofilms also had a considerable influence on the wear behavior of the systems studied because they were also present on the surface of the counter rolls with this phenomenon being an additional wear mechanism experienced by the tribosystems studied.

Influence of Cerium on the Deformation and Corrosion of Magnesium

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sravya Tekumalla ◽  
Sankaranarayanan Seetharaman ◽  
Nguyen Quy Bau ◽  
Wai Leong Eugene Wong ◽  
Chwee Sim Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Compressive Deformation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Elongation To Failure ◽  
Melt Deposition

In this study, a new magnesium (Mg) alloy containing 0.4% Ce was developed using the technique of disintegrated melt deposition followed by hot extrusion. The tensile and compressive properties of the developed Mg–0.4Ce alloy were investigated before and after heat treatment with an intention of understanding the influence of cerium on the deformation and corrosion of magnesium. Interestingly, cerium addition has enhanced the strength (by 182% and 118%) as well as the elongation to failure of Mg (by 93% and 8%) under both tensile and compressive loadings, respectively. After heat treatment, under compression, the Mg–0.4Ce(S) alloy exhibited extensive plastic deformation which was 80% higher than that of the as-extruded condition. Considering the tensile and compressive flow curves, the as-extruded Mg–0.4Ce and the heat treated Mg–0.4Ce(S) alloys exhibited variation in the nature and shape of the curves which indicates a disparity in the tensile and compressive deformation behavior. Hence, these tensile and compressive deformation mechanisms were studied in detail for both as-extruded as well as heat treated alloys with the aid of microstructural characterization techniques (scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selective area diffraction (SAD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, results of immersion tests of both as-extruded and heat treated alloys revealed an improved corrosion resistance (by ∼3 times in terms of % weight loss) in heat treated state vis-a-vis the as-extruded state.

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ELECTROLESS Ni–B COATING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp01) ◽  
pp. 1850014 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARKADEB MUKHOPADHYAY ◽  
TAPAN KUMAR BARMAN ◽  
PRASANTA SAHOO
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Mixed Layers ◽  
Electroless Ni

The present work investigates the effects of heat treatment on friction and wear behavior of electroless Ni–B coatings at elevated temperatures. Coating is deposited on AISI 1040 steel specimens and subjected to heat treatments at 350[Formula: see text]C, 400[Formula: see text]C and 450[Formula: see text]C. Coating characterization is done using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis and X-Ray diffraction analysis. Improvement in microhardness is observed for the heat treated deposits. Further, the effect of heat treatment on the tribological behavior of the coatings at room temperature, 100[Formula: see text]C, 300[Formula: see text]C and 500[Formula: see text]C are analyzed on a pin-on-disc setup. Heat treatment at 350[Formula: see text]C causes a significant improvement in the tribological behavior at elevated temperatures. Higher heat treatment temperatures cause deterioration in the wear resistance and coefficient of friction. The wear mechanism at 100[Formula: see text]C is observed to be predominantly adhesive along with abrasion. While at 300[Formula: see text]C, abrasive wear is seen to be the governing wear phenomenon. Formation of mechanically mixed layers is noticed at both the test temperatures of 100[Formula: see text]C and 300[Formula: see text]C for the coatings heat treated at 400[Formula: see text]C and 450[Formula: see text]C test temperature. The predominant wear mechanisms at 500[Formula: see text]C are abrasive and fatigue for as-deposited and heat treated coatings, respectively.

Temperature-Controlled Devitrification of Oxyfluoride Borate Glasses

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pisarska ◽  
Tomasz Goryczka ◽  
Wojciech A. Pisarski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Borate Glasses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transparent Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Controlled Crystallization ◽  
Temperature Controlled

Selected oxyfluoroborate glasses have been investigated before and after heat treatment. Transparent glass-ceramics (TGC) were obtained during controlled crystallization (devitrification). X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that material was partially crystallized. Diffraction lines due to orthorhombic PbF2 phase were identified for heat-treated samples at various temperatures and times. Results were compared to that ones obtained for as-melted glass.

scholarly journals Nanomechanical Behavior, Adhesion and Corrosion Resistance of Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Orthopedic Implant Applications

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Kaouther Khlifi ◽  
Hafedh Dhiflaoui ◽  
Amir Ben Rhouma ◽  
Joël Faure ◽  
Hicham Benhayoune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Coatings ◽  
Adhesion Behavior ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scratch Tests

The aim of this work was to investigate the nanomechanical, adhesion and corrosion resistance of hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings. The electrodeposition process was used to elaborate the HAP coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy. The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration H2O2 on the electrolyte and the heat treatment was studied. Surface morphology of HAP coatings was assessed, before and after heat treatment, by scanning electron microscopy associated with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDXS). Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the coatings’ phases and composition. Nanoindentation and scratch tests were performed for nanomechanical and adhesion behavior analysis. The corrosion resistance of the uncoated, the as-deposited, and the heat-treated coatings was investigated by electrochemical test. The obtained results revealed that, with 9% of H2O2 and after heat treatment, the HAP film exhibited a compact and homogeneous microstructure. The film also showed a crystal growth: stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HAP) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). After heat treatment, the nanomechanical properties (H, E) were increased from 117 ± 7 MPa and 24 ± 1 GPa to 171 ± 10 MPa and 38 ± 1.5 GPa respectively. Critical loads (LC1, LC2, and LC3) were increased from 0.78 ± 0.04, 1.6 ± 0.01, and 4 ± 0.23 N to 1.45 ± 0.08, 2.46 ± 0.14, and 4.35 ± 0.25 N (respectively). Furthermore, the adhesion strength increased from 8 to 13 MPa after heat treatment. The HAP heat-treated samples showed higher corrosion resistance (Rp = 65.85 kΩ/cm2; Icorr = 0.63 µA/cm2; Ecorr = −167 mV/ECS) compared to as-deposited and uncoated samples.

scholarly journals Formation of alumina-aluminide coatings on ferritic-martensitic T91 steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. Choudhary ◽  
V. Kain ◽  
R.C. Hubli
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Aluminide Coating ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Imidazolium Chloride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminide Coatings ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Prolonged Heat

In this work, alumina-aluminide coatings were formed on ferritic-martensitic T91 steel substrate. First, coatings of aluminum were deposited electrochemically on T91 steel in a room temperature AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ionic liquid, then the obtained coating was subjected to a two stage heat treatment procedure consisting of prolonged heat treatment of the sample in vacuum at 300 ?C followed by oxidative heat treatment in air at 650 ?C for 16 hours. X-ray diffraction measurement of the oxidatively heat treated samples indicated formation of Fe-Al and Cr-Al intermetallics and presence of amorphous alumina. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement confirmed 50 wt- % O in the oxidized coating. Microscratch adhesion test conducted on alumina-aluminide coating formed on T91 steel substrate showed no major adhesive detachment up to 20 N loads. However, adhesive failure was observed at a few discrete points on the coating along the scratch track.

scholarly journals Corrosion and wear study of Ni-P-PTFE-Al2O3 coating: the effect of heat treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Sharma ◽  
A. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Corrosion And Wear ◽  
Al2o3 Coating ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide ◽  
Corrosive Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Enhanced Crystallinity

AbstractIn the present work, Ni-P-PTFE-Al2O3 nanodispersion coatings were developed on mild steel. These coatings were heat treated and were exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution. Thus obtained as plated, heat treated and exposed coatings were investigated for their corrosion and wear behavior together with other tribological properties. SEM/EDAX and X-ray diffractometry were used to analyze composition and structural changes of the coatings. Corrosion parameters of the coated samples were obtained from electrochemical polarization and immersion tests. Microhardness, wear resistance and friction coefficient of the coatings were also measured. The results showed that heat treatment at 200°C has little effect on the coating whereas treatment at 400°C results in enhanced crystallinity due to formation of intermetallics phases and possibly aluminum phosphide. Beyond this temperature at 600°C coarsening of the grains occurs which reduces the number of hardening sites. These structural changes result in the observance of highest hardness and lowest wear rate in case of coatings treated at 400°C. Corrosion resistance of the coated samples was observed to decrease with the heat treatment presumably due to the various physical and structural changes of the coating components. Similar changes were observed on their exposure to the corrosive media.

EFFECTS OF COUNTERPART MATERIALS ON WEAR BEHAVIOR OF THERMALLY SPRAYED Ni-BASED SELF-FLUX ALLOY COATINGS

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 3023-3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
KYUN TAK KIM ◽  
YEONG SIK KIM
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
Thermally Sprayed ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study aims at investigating the wear behavior of thermally sprayed Ni -based self-flux alloy coatings against different counterparts. Ni -based self-flux alloy powders were flame-sprayed onto a carbon steel substrate and then heat-treated at temperature of 1000 °C. Dry sliding wear tests were performed using the sliding speeds of 0.2 and 0.8 m/s and the applied loads of 5 and 20 N. AISI 52100, Al 2 O 3, Si 3 N 4 and ZrO 2 balls were used as counterpart materials. Wear behavior of Ni -based self-flux alloy coatings against different counterparts were studied using a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It was revealed that wear behavior of Ni -based self-flux alloy coatings were much influenced by counterpart materials.

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